ENGLISH-JUTEAN DICTIONARY 15-04-2021, 5,650+ entries
English	Jutean	Part of speech	Class	Notes
a bit	ifi	ADV		also used as a diminutive suffix
a bit	sivue	ADV		more like 'a tiny bit' actually, but can also sometimes used to mean 'a small bit', but then slightly marked
a day ago	idoti a ikide	ADV
a long time	dooni a haad	N	I.
a lot	haadat	ADV		For bigger amounts. Smaller amounts use 'haad'.
a lot of	haadat	DET
abacus	tikkivo	N	C.	Literally 'mathematics-tool’ as according to tradition mathematics on Jute evolved from laying sticks in orderly heaps and adding/taking away from them, somewhat similar to how an abacus is used.
abacus	kihivo	N	C.
abandon	iko	V	EV
abandoned thing	ikava	N	C.	any kind of previously used object that is no longer used, including, but not limited to artefacts, or a part of them
ability	eehi	N	I.
ability to collaborate	feami	N	I.
able to do	eeho	V	EV	used like a non-auxiliary variant of 'eeo' (to generally be able to), like a shortening of 'eeo amo'. Does not take another verb. 'Eeho vailidekiva ji’. – The computer is able do this. 'Eeho na jim, haa?’ – Can you do that/Are you able to do that?
abortion	ilvunivuna	N	I.
about	sie	ADP		used with verbs, for example 'veeho sie' (laugh about), or with nouns, e.g. 'tonikki sie kiovohi' (algorithm regarding the distribution)
about	a	ADP		can introduce nominalized subclauses, for example relative clauses
above	ove	ADP		usually used when referring to the highest level possible, or close to it, e.g. above or next to the top of a mountain, or abstractly or metaphorically in constructions like English 'above it all'. 'No saanuhuu ove toofade a me fa ma.’ [Only] the sky is above our heads.
above	noohe	ADP		used in comparisons, e.g. when saying something is at a higher level, unless it's at the highest level possible, in which case 'ove' (on, on top of, over) is used
absence	ilni	N	I.
absolutely	onke	ADV
absorb	heotano	V	EV
abstract concept	vinvi	N	I.	as opposed to less abstract concepts (which would be 'okiofe')
abstract thought	vinva	N	I.
abstraction	vinvi	N	I.
abstractness	vinva	N	I.
abugida	hotivaf	N	I.
abuse	dohui	N	I.
abuse	dohuo	V	EV
abuse of power	ilukainivi	N	I.
accept	dekiodo	V	EV	accept a person, fact, value etc., not accept something physically like a material gift
accept	dekiodo hedo	V	EV	usually for physical objects or similar
access	foa	N	C.	physical access to something, not metaphorical, digital or similar, unless specified. Access to is 'foa li'
access	tino	V	EV	for nations, digital things and other abstract concepts
accessory	va a mekoi	N	C.
accident	hokoluki	N	I.
accommodate	daho	V	EV	in transitive sentences with no adpositions. in intransitive sentences only used in some contexts.
accommodation	dahi	N	I.
accompany	todehento	V	EV
accomplish	lomoho	V	EV
accomplishment	lomohi	N	I.
according to	na	ADP
account for	jufino	V	EV	the budgeting sense, e.g. to account for all sales
accuse	sino ... tuvedati (a ...)	V	EV	a relative phrase explaining the crime such as 'hedeoheohi a vailitade' ('stealing of the vehicle') introduced by 'a' ('of') usually follows. Intransitive sentences would not have the '-ti' indirect case suffix on 'tuvedati' and be understood to have 'someone/some people' as an implied subject.
achieve	tefo	V	EV
achievement	lomohi	N	I.
achievement	tefi	N	I.
acid	mellovi	N	I.	Has the 'immaterial/abstract' gender because it's a generic term, which also is covered by that gender.
acidify	mellovo	V	EV
acoustics	nesaniva a tesohi	N	I.
acquaintance	muldafi	N	C.
acquire	evoto	V	EV	For natural resources and other things obtained from nature.
across	netune	ADP		'across' in the sense of 'across a border/river/etc.', not '(everywhere) across the country'
across	nane	ADP		'across ' as in 'across the country', meaning 'everywhere in the country'
act	toniamo	V	UEV	'tonijamo' is a dialectal variant
act	aseji	N	I.
act like a clueless city dweller	ninonato	V	UEV	almost always humorous
act of whistling while eating porridge	luhuhi doone hemehi a sedamede	N	I.
active voice	toni a tahivide a amohi	N	I.
actor	ama	N	I.
actor	vunojamo	N	C.	acting in plays
actress	vunojamo	N	C.	acting in plays
actually	ihavane	ADV
adapt	hadolo	V	EV	Takes no adpositions.
adapt oneself to	hadolo	V	EV	Takes no adpositions.
adaptability	hadoli	N	I.
add	keseho	V	EV
add	mekoo	V	EV
add a hole	tuloho	V	EV
addiction	netuuni a anti	N	I.
addition	mekoi	N	I.
additionally	mekohe	ADV
address	lihoti	N	I.
addressee	lihotona	N	C.
adherent	kiatamo	N	C.	to an ideology
administer	jufino	V	EV	a household, a business or similar, not a government
administer	vunamoeno	V	EV	e.g. a community, town or country (i.e. no private or economic institutions such as a company)
administration	noitoti	N	I.	not commonly used for political institutions, unless they are also economical ones
administration	jufini	N	I.	An alternative form is 'jufinafa', from 'jufini' + 'afa' (resultative suffix)
administration	vunamoeni	N	I.	referring to the administration of a country, city or region
admiral	hoollemat	N	C.
admit	dekiodo	V	EV	especially when used together with 'teo' (need, have to)
adoration	ukainohi	N	I.	adoration in the religious sense
adore	uvado	V	EV
adult	donosana	N	C.
adultery	amdananoi	N	I.
advertisement	vunoja a ukahi a ...	N	C.	the medium, such as TV (VVJ) or newspaper (hotif a dekihohi) added at the end
advise	hao sahaamo	V	EV
advise	dekivo	V	EV
affect	fuedoho	V	EV	used for diseaseses and disease agents causing them
affect	vetafamoo	V	EV	used for diseaseses and disease agents causing them
after	tonte	ADP		Preposition 'Tonte dooni me ta ma' (Time after me)
after	tonte	ADP		Preposition 'Tonte saini me ta ma' (Person after me)
afterlife	nideeni	N	I.
afternoon	datevi	N	I.
again	atile	ADV
against	te	ADP
against	et	ADP		Against the speaker (or the person being talked about), not originating from the speaker. This is an 'antagonistic' against that can be the opposite of the other against. If a speaker is fighting against an enemy, the speaker would describe the actions of the enemy that are targeting them with this 'against' Same with sentences like 'If you had known who would be fighting against you ...'
age	niho	V	UEV
age	nihi	N	I.
agglomerate	duvo	V	UEV
ago	idoti	ADV		used with 'a' (of) + oblique case
agree	dekiodo	V	EV
agreement	dekiodi	N	I.
agriculture	haadi	N	I.
agriculture	haadi a muava	N	I.	specifically referring to agriculture in a field larger than a normal garden can also be 'haadi an muavade' (agriculture in a field)
aim	nojo ... vettonede	V	EV	Ellipsis gets replaced by the subject. Physically existing targets for archery and the like. Abstract/immaterial aims or targets use 'tefide' instead.
aim	tefi	N	I.	A goal you set out and usually hope to be able to fulfill.
aim	hotio	V	EV	used for guns, especially things like sniping, where the trajectory resembles more of a straight line
aim	elkoo	V	EV	for bows and similar weapons, distinguished from 'elkoo' (to shoot) by context, adverbs or additional verbs like 'nuheo' (to try)
aimlessly	udeltefe	ADV
aimlessness	udeltefi	N	I.
air	huu	N	C.
air	fohoo	V	EV
airship	leneveje	N	C.
ajar	fofe	ADV
alarm	tesohi	N	I.
alarm clock	nuodona a tesohohi	N	C.
alas	hokolukee	I
alcohol	kelaake	N	W.
alert	tesohova	N	I.
alert	tesoho	V	EV
alertness	netidi	N	I.
algae	tos	N	W.
algae-rich place	dafe	N	W.
algorithm	tonikki	N	I.
all	af	P	C.	referring to known / visible objects (e. g. everything here, all food, was caught in the ocean), not a general statement. Also used like a determiner
all	efi	P	I.	referring to unknown / invisible objects, or for general statements. Also used like a determiner
all	uf	P	W.	'Wilderness' gender variant, referring to things that can be found in a jungle or the deep ocean. Also used like a determiner
alley	tonat	N	C.
alliance	kahani	N	I.
allocate	hemeno	V	EV
allow	hoko	V	IR	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'allow', intransitive: 'be allowed'). With a 'tine' (into) + a gerund, the intransitive meaning can also be 'be allowed to do', e.g.: 'Hoko Folan tine dahohi.' (Poland is allowed to be sent into space.) It can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'allow (so.) to do sth.') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be allowed to do sth.') 'Hoko todehento ta he na' (I allow you to join) 'Hoko todehento ta he na sondititi (I allow you to join the exploration) 'Hoko daho Folan.' (Poland is allowed to be sent into space.) 'Hoko toho la joohutiti.' (They were allowed to leave the assembly.)
allow	nuo	V	EV	allow as in 'render possible, give the opportunity to'
alloy	eva	N	C.	only referring to naturally occurring alloys or combinations of metals, and only those already mined or obtained, not those still existing in deposits
alloy	tusaheva	N	C.	referring to natural alloys containing silver that have been mined or obtained some other way or any kind of silver ore (e.g. Acanthite)
alloy	meihon	N	C.
ally	hetevimehi	N	C.	military ally
ally	kahaniva	N	C.
ally	kahano	V	EV	Often used with the reciprocal voice (-hut)
almond	alis	N	C.	sometimes called 'uala a alis', 'nut of arish', but this is often omitted
almost	letoe	ADV
almost always	lidoonif	ADV
almost nothing	likiovile	ADV
alone	ike	ADV
aloneness	ikihi	N	I.
along	na	ADP		used for example to mean in expressions like 'along the beach'
alongside	todehente	ADP
alphabet	hotivaf	N	I.
already	lomohe	ADV
alright	kefi	I
also	uhu	ADV
altar	kevan	N	C.
aluminium	jesijit	N	C.
always	doonif	ADV
ambition	nuhei	N	I.
ambush	vetafami a jotavohi	N	I.
amend	ukeo	V	EV	referring to improving something that was good or at least in an acceptable state to begin with
amid	kove	ADP		root
amnesia	tuved a ilehi a nesatili	N	I.
among	kove	ADP		root
amount	evokihi	N	I.
amount	haad	N	I.	particularly for rough estimates, uncounted amounts etc. 'haad a efi', literally 'all amounts' translates to 'any amount'
amphibian	novaves	N	C.
amplifier	vaililumo	N	C.
anarchism	sahai a vunamoenil	N	I.	referring to the theory of anarchism, not e.g. any lifestyle, worldview etc. associated with it, which would be 'kiat a vunamoenil'
anatomy	tonesani a mat	N	I.
ancestor	adona	N	C.
anchor	koto	V	EV	a ship or something else, like a tent
anchor	kotivo	N	C.
ancient times	niadoni	N	I.	referring to the times of ancestors in general, so not any kind of recent past
ancient times	niadona	N	I.	can refer to certain times or events in the past
and	uh	C		Variant: 'u'
and	u	C
and also	uhe	C
angel	sainehuu	N	I.
anger	ehevad	N	I.
angle	fumooti	N	I.
anguish	koli	N	I.
animal	nova	N	C.
animal group	jufu	N	W.	for wild animals only
animal husbandry	sehuki	N	I.
animal keeper	sehukimo	N	C.
anime	keke	N	I.
ankle	sulon	N	C.
annihilate	ilno	V	EV
anniversary	vuhatasi	N	I.	a holiday commemorating a specific event
announce	tesohovo	V	EV
announcement	tesohova	N	I.
announcer	tesohovamo	N	C.	Announcer at e.g. sporting events, or a messenger announcing fresh news, not for 'official' political or other really important announcements. 'tesohovomo' is a variant, and has a stronger connotation of 'announcer'
announcer	lihotafamo	N	C.	'official' announcer for public announcements regarding politics, public services etc. (that is, all the really important stuff), rather than for example an announcer at sport events, or a news announcer
annoy	dusovo	V	EV
annoy	vuato li	V	EV
annoyance	vuatoli	N	I.
anoint	meneso	V	EV
anorak	muuvit	N	C.
answer	memonki	N	I.	Not to scientific or mathematical problems, use 'evohi' (result) there
answer	memonko	V	UEV	to answer something would be 'memonko tine', or literally 'to answer into', followed by a noun in the oblique case
ant	meso	N	C.
antagonist	etamo	N	I.	not necessarily a villain
anticipate	netido	V	EV	usually something negative
antimatter	ilvi	N	I.
anxiety	sehukatidi	N	I.	general anxiety
anxiety	havandi	N	I.	A guardedness that can be full of anxiety and/or fear, as for example what you can feel in a jungle where everything might be trying to kill you
any amount	haad a efi	DET
anyway	uhu	ADV
apart from	netie	ADP
apartment	kilitioha	N	C.	a single apartment, not a building or complex
apartment building	dovi a mihonohi	N	C.	a tall building with many apartments in it, not an office block or a smaller apartment building
apartment building	mihonon a kilitiohi	N	C.	referring to a building or complex of apartments, a single apartment would be 'kilitioha'
apathy	ilsehuki	N	I.
ape	sumke	N	C.	larger monkeys, apes
apologise	nuheo mohomoo	V	EV
appear	edo	V	UEV
appear	ilaso	V	UEV
apple	tolkadolen	N	C.
approach	letolo	V	EV	Approach a place or someone (not the speaker)
approach	navo	V	UEV	Approaching the speaker.
approach	toni	N	I.
approach	tonio	V	EV	a problem or similar, with a particular method or style
appropriateness	sei	N	I.
aquaculture	haadi an saavade	N	I.
aqueduct	nojivo a saavade	N	C.
aquifer	oenava ude saavade	N	C.
archer	seamo	N	C.	Archers who do archery as a sport, rather than military archers or those who use archery for self-defense.
archer	elka	N	C.	also used for animals, monsters etc. that use weaponry akin to bows or other similar ranged ones.
archery	elki	N	I.
archipelago	ite a saavalede	N	C.
architecture	olumi a haadohi (a nonat)	N	I.	Together with 'a nonat' it means 'urban architecture'
archive	hotifan	N	C.
archive	itivo	V	EV
archiving	iti	N	I.
archivist	hotifanamo	N	C.
area	oee	N	I.	Used mostly for land areas only. Spoken as two syllables.
argument	siniva	N	I.
arise	haado	V	IT
arm	dena	N	C.
armistice	movetafivo	N	I.
armour	netumivo	N	C.
army	ufenat	N	C.	referring to larger armies
army	ufena	N	C.
around	ufenav	ADP	W.	for things/places found in the wilderness, for example the jungle or the deep ocean
around	afenav	ADP	C.	for known things/locations, especially in villages/towns
around	efinav	ADP	I.	for immaterial/abstract/unknown things/places/concepts etc.
arrange	kio	V	EV
arrangement	ki	N	I.
arrive	edo	V	UEV	takes the preposition 'ado/ido/udo' (at a place)
arrogance	nohotai	N	I.
arrow	tikavetifi	N	C.	sometimes also just called 'tikavet' (which usually means spear)
arrowhead	kiovalvu	N	C.
arsenal	uilan	N	C.
art	olumifi	N	I.	literally 'small art', art not part of a bigger project, done on the side or in breaks
art	olumi	N	I.
art supplies	olumava	N	C.
artefact	ikava	N	C.	any kind of previously used object that is no longer used, including, but not limited to artefacts, or a part of them
artistic drive	olumiva	N	I.
artistic rendering	okiofe	N	C.
artwork	vi a olumi	N	I.	despite the noun class, it can be material or immaterial
as	todehente	C		this sense is a synonym of ‘because’
as	udase	C		used to talk about actions or events that happened at the same time, not for periods of time or similar
as	ehe	ADP		e.g. ‘work as a teacher’ or ‘use bricks as building material’
as	ehe	C		in the meaning 'according to, in the same way', e.g. 'They did as they had to do', or 'As for example in...'
as	na	ADP		in e.g. ‘as X said’, but introducing a noun phrase with a gerund rather than a full sentence
as if	ehe	C
as part of	eeve	ADP
ascend	tovo	V	UEV
ascent	tovivi	N	I.
ash	vaneefa	N	C.
aside from	leteve	ADP	C.
aside from	letevu	ADP	W.
aside from	letevi	ADP	I.
ask	hao	V	EV
ask for	hao	V	EV
assault	vetafamoo	V	EV
assault	vetafami	N	I.	including attacks by illnesses, but not heart attacks (see 'ilami a midu' for that)
assemble	mihonafo	V	EV	to arrange an intentional assembly or meeting of a group, either regularly, irregularly, or only a single time
assemble	joo	V	EV	for regular meetings, especially for groups, societies etc. Used only with the reciprocal voice.
assembly	joohut	N	I.	Any kind of arranged, intentional assembly or meeting of a group. Unlike the 'to assemble' sense of 'joo' this can also refer to irregular or singular meetings.
assembly	mihonafi	N	I.	larger, national or international ones, not local assemblies of communities or assemblies in schools, companies or similar
associate	udima	N	C.	Slang
association	joomi	N	I.
assume	sahono	V	IR	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'be assumed to be', 'be assumed to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). This often involves an implied impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is assumed that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is assumed to be a/an ...' to report on someone's or generally held assumptions. Adverbs can be used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is assumed or that which assumed it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Sahono datu hen.' (A beast is assumed to exist here. / Here it is thought that a beast exists [somewhere].) 'Sahono datu a heni.' (A beast is assumed (by some, somewhere) to exist here.) 'Sahono datu a van jumun.' (A dangerous beast is assumed to exist there. / There some assume a dangerous beasts exists [somewhere].) Other adpositions can be used as well: 'Sahono datu ove hisetude hen' (A beast is assumed to exist on top of the mountain here) ===REPORTING AN ACTION OR AN EVENT=== To report on an assumed action or event, (English: 'be assumed to X', where X is a different verb, e.g. 'be assumed to sleep'), the verb has to be added after the main noun/pronoun as part of a 'tine X-GER' (inside X-ing) phrase. Alternatively, the gerund can become the subject to put the focus on the verb, in which case the agent or experiencer can be dropped. 'Sahono datu tine tukohi a heni' (A dancing beast is assumed to exist here. / It is assumed a sleeping beast exists here) 'Sahono tukohi a datude hen' (It is assumed that dancing of the beast takes/took place here) 'Sahono tukohi hen' (Dancing is assumed to take place here) ===HABITUAL STATEMENTS=== Finally, aside from existential statements, habitual ones can also be formed that way: 'Sahono tukohi (anti) hen.' (Dancing is assumed to be (commonly) taking place here.) 'Sahono tukohi dee doonide a ji.' (Dancing is assumed to be taking place at this time [in all/many places].) 'Sahono ta tine tukohi.' (I am assumed to be dancing [a lot].)
assumption	sahoni	N	I.	in case = 'ude sahonide' just in case = 'nuhe sahonide a kiovif'
asteroid	vuatavan a vuhifin	N	W.
astronomer	asoivuhifimo	N	C.
astronomy	asoivuhifi	N	I.
asylum	nusaifon	N	C.
at	ado	ADP	C.
at	udo	ADP	W.
at	ido	ADP	I.
at first	nikie	ADV
at least	uuve	ADV
at night	in ooniva	ADV		for talking about nights in general, rather than a specific one.
at night	idoone	ADV
at the bottom	uuve	ADP
at the other side of	dee	ADP
at the same time	doonivave	ADV
atheism	ki a vunamal	N	I.
atheist	homanuka a vunamal a iki	N	C.	some might imply this to include polytheists as well, but in general it is taken to refer to people who believe that there are no gods at all
athlete	kilitomo	N	C.
atom	viva	N	I.
attach	kahano	V	EV	takes the 'ado/ido/udo' ('at') adposition
attack	fuedoho	V	EV
attack	vetafamoo	V	EV
attack	vetafami	N	I.	including attacks by illnesses, but not heart attacks (see 'ilami a midu' for that)
attempt	doonava	N	I.
attempt	doonavo	V	EV
attention	sehuki	N	I.
attorney	udimohomoo	N	C.
audibly	deke	ADV
audience	huja	N	C.	of e.g. a play
audience	deka	N	C.
augmentative indicator	ked	AFF		Alternatively 'kedo' when followed by a consonant. Denoting something that lasts, will last or is said to last an incredibly long time, or will take that long, for example a monument, story, or another work or deed that will never be fully completed.
aunt or uncle	avate	N	C.	anyone who is in the generation of the parents. The parents themselves are usually referred to as 'vunam', though
authority	vunamat	N	C.	Legitimate and respected authorities who don't maintain their standing by force, fear or other coercive ways.
avenge	mohomoo (nuhe sainikide)	V	EV
avenue	tonadova	N	C.
avocado	vohoso	N	C.
avoid	amol	V	EV	conjugated like the regular negated form of 'amo' (to do), e.g. 'amot al ji' - 'This shall be avoided'
awareness	jodaini	N	I.
away from	eteve	ADP	C.	Postposition
away from	etevi	ADP	I.	Postposition
away from	etevu	ADP	W.	Postposition
axe	vatakiova	N	C.
axle	kotivo a utukiva	N	C.
axle	tivivo	N	C.	any kind of tool that enables movement of things that were immobile before, such as heavy weights that require a pulley, or an axle that allows a cart to move (more easily)
baby	nuinafi	N	C.
babysit	vuammo	V	EV	For non-professional nurses or nannies that aren't hired, but instead do it to help someone, like a friend or family member.
babysitter	vuammo	N		For non-professional nurses or nannies that aren't hired, but instead do it to help someone, like a friend or family member.
back	sivi	N	I.	as opposed to the front, including of abstract/immaterial things/ideas
back	autti	N	C.	the body part
back	tohene	ADV		specifically 'back' to where the speaker is or, if running, came from. Does not require a 'li' before the modifying noun.
back	ilte	ADV
back	sivia	N	C.	as opposed to the front, physical objects only
back to	tohene	ADP		specifically 'back' to where the speaker is or, if running, came from. Used for example to urge someone to come back (e.g. 'Come back to use') but not to suggest to return. ('We should go back') Does not require a 'li' before the modifying noun.
backbone	usamat	N	C.
background noise	laama	N	C.
backpack	onkaana	N	C.	referring to backpacks or any larger sealable bag that can be worn on the back or on the shoulder with the help of ropes or strips,
backwards	iltone	ADV
bacteria	sivuatamat	N	I.
bad	doohu	N	I.
bad luck	hokoluki	N	I.
badly	doohe	ADV
bag	onkifivo	N	C.	usually referring to smaller bags
bag	onka	N	C.	usually made of jute fiber or similar, sealable and with no handles. Most similar to e.g. bags of coffee filled with bulk goods or liquids, not like a tote bag used for shopping.
bag	vattivo	N	C.	a bag like a tote or travel bag used to carry things from one place to another rather than for storage, not commonly used for bulk goods unless they are packaged on their own
bag	onkaana	N	C.	referring to backpacks or any larger sealable bag that can be worn on the back or on the shoulder with the help of ropes or strips,
baguette	sealilnan	N	C.	often shortened to 'seali' or 'deved a seali'
bake	honvano	V	EV
baked good	hovanefa	N	C.	any flavor or filling
baking dish	feva nuhe honvanohi	N	C.
baking pan	hovanefivo	N	C.
baking powder	neu nuhe honvanohi	N	C.
baking soda	kosetui	N	C.
baking stone	vuhata nuhe honvanohi	N	C.
balance	mohomo	N	I.	Especially a balance of nature.
ball	utuki	N	I.
ballistics	nesani a senilohi	N	I.
bamboo	neut	N	C.
ban	ilhoko	V	IR	in transitive sentences or in intransitive sentences with a subject that is not human (or otherwise sapient and using human pronouns)
ban	netuno	V	EV	e.g. websites, entire TV or radio stations, a language (from being taught in schools, appearing in bookstores) or a religion (e.g. from being practiced publicly). Books, shows, movies etc. would use 'daho' if they are only banned from being sold and/or being broadcast, but 'netuno' if they are e.g. confiscated as well
banana	hosoma	N	C.
band	itikoma	N	C.
bang together	hevofo	V	EV
bank	amini a noitoti a lumo a aminif	N	I.	The financial institution. If referring to a particular building/branch, it's 'amin a noitoti a lumo a aminif', which like the word for the business in general can be shortened to 'amanalaa'
bank	otu	N	W.	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar that is dangerous to approach because it has predatory animals or some other danger there
bank	amanalaa	N	I.	Abbreviation of ‘amini a noitoti a lumo a aminif’ (bank, the financial institution), generally regarded as casual
bank	net a tahoon	N	C.	referring to a river bank or similar
bank	ota	N	C.	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar
bar	tahoin	N	C.
barely	ialme	ADV
bark	nofo	V	UEV
bark	hatova	N
barkeep	tahoinamo	N	C.
barn	tunamova	N	C.	Originally, only smaller animals, for example birds or fowls, were domesticated on the shores where Coastal Jutean was spoken, hence why they were kept in rooms, as they didn't strictly need a separate building. Later, the meaning was expanded to include those, too.
barrier	netunivo	N	C.
bartender	tahoinamo	N	C.
base	vevanefivi	N	I.	chemical bases, neutralizing acids
base on	juto	V	EV
base on	oeno	V	EV	When talking about the (static) foundation of something like a house or other building, rather than the cultural or similar foundation of something more abstract/immaterial, like a way of life.
basic right	hokonoeni	N	I.
basicity	vevanefi	N	I.	also the ability to work as soap or similar
basin	saavan	N	C.	often used to refer to the body of water (e.g. lake) in it as well
basin	tukivaad a saava	N	W.	a more specific term than 'saavan', which refers to both the basin and the body of water (such as a lake) in it
basin	saavanu	N	C.	referring e.g. to a basin deep in a jungle, and usually the lake or other body of water in it as well, which were often filled with dangers such as murky waters, predatory animals etc.
basis	oeni	N	I.
bask	ammo	V	UEV
basket	soa	N	C.
basket	jevo	N	C.	referring to wicker baskets made from twigs such as willow or twine made from e.g. jute fiber
basket	soat	N	C.	referring to larger baskets
bat	kos	N	W.
bat	vettivo	N	C.
batch	ite	N	I.
bath	sai	N	I.
bathe	sao	V	EV
bathroom	tunasaava	N	C.	any kind of bathroom
bawl	teluo	V	UEV
bay	ulda	N	C.	referring to a gulf or similar body of water
be	no	V	IR	locative, for existential statements ('No...' - 'There is...', ) or as copula, then used with one or two arguments, neither of which get declined.
be a law	teato	V	IR	in intransitive sentences, rarely used
be absent	ilnio	V	IT
be alone	iko	V	IT
be appropriate	onko	V	IT	in the sense of something 'being fitting', not when talking about behavior or words
be arrogant	nohotao	V	UEV
be attacked	teuto	V	IT
be aware	jodaino	V	IT
be balanced	mohomoo	V	IT
be bored	feetedo	V	IT
be born	vuno	V	IT
be boundless	netilo	V	UEV
be breakable	amdeeo	V	UEV
be buried alive	unso udase nide	V	IT	in transitive sentences 'to bury someone alive'
be burnable	tiseeo	V	UEV
be busy	amo	V	IT	intransitive meaning: 'be kept busy' 'Amo hotio ta' - 'I am kept busy (with) writing'
be calm	mo	V	IT
be capable of	eeo	V	IR	Used in intransitive sentences with either a gerund as subject or when there is no oblique object introduced by 'a' (of) to mean 'be [generally] capable of being' Alternatively, used in intransitive sentences with a different noun as subject and a phrase consisting of 'tine' (inside) + a gerund as the only oblique object to mean 'be [generally] capable of doing/...'
be careful	havando	V	IT
be certain	ildeso	V	UEV
be cold	ilvufano	V	UEV
be compassionate	udo	V	EV
be confused	ilikio	V	IT
be content	lomoho	V	IT	Used to mean 'be content with what you have, not wanting to have anything else'
be contested	teuto	V	IT
be creative	haado sainiti (a tine)	V	T	as it is literally 'grow the mind', but since 'saini' is also the most common way to refer to a person, 'a tine' meaning 'inside' can be added, or alternatively a possessive construction explaining who is being creative, e.g. 'haado sainiti a me ta ma' – 'to grow my mind' or 'to be creative (myself)'
be dangerous	vano	V	IT
be defeated	tefoeto	V	IT	only referring to cases where the speaker or the person being talked about was defeated
be dematerialised	ilno	V	IT
be dry	kesato	V	IT
be dull	heito	V	IT
be empty	nuuvo	V	IT
be endless	netilo	V	UEV
be equal	neho	V	UEV
be expected to be	sahasio	V	IR	Used in intransitive sentences only, in the following cases: – to report on what someone (or a group of people) expects whose identity is not known to the speaker or not supposed to be revealed, – to distance oneself from an expectation or similar, e.g. when the speaker is not entirely sure it is justified This usually implies a greater deal of conviction, at least on behalf of the person or people whose expectations are being reported on, than the similar intransitive meanings of 'saiho' (be thought to be, for regular beliefs) and 'memo' (be said to be, for rumors) It also often involves an implied impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is assumed that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is assumed to be a/an ...' to report on someone's or generally held assumptions. Adverbs can be used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is assumed or that which assumed it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Sahasio datu hen.' (A beast is expected to exist here. / Here it is thought that a beast exists [somewhere].) 'Sahasio datu a heni.' (A beast is expected (by some, somewhere) to exist here.) 'Sahasio datu a van jumun.' (A dangerous beast is expect to exist there. / There some expect a dangerous beasts to exist [somewhere].) Other adpositions can be used as well: 'Sahasio datu ove hisetude hen' (A beast is expected to exist on top of the mountain here) ===REPORTING AN ACTION OR AN EVENT=== To report on an assumed action or event, (English: 'be assumed to X', where X is a different verb, e.g. 'be assumed to sleep'), the verb has to be added after the main noun/pronoun as part of a 'tine X-GER' (inside X-ing) phrase. Alternatively, the gerund can become the subject to put the focus on the verb, in which case the agent or experiencer can be dropped. 'Sahasio datu tine tukohi a heni' (A dancing beast is expected to exist here. / It is expected that a sleeping beast exists here) 'Sahasio tukohi a datude hen' (It is expected that dancing of the beast takes/took place here) 'Sahasio tukohi hen' (Dancing is expected to take place here) ===HABITUAL STATEMENTS=== Finally, aside from existential statements, habitual ones can also be formed that way: 'Sahasio tukohi (anti) hen.' (Dancing is expected to be (commonly) taking place here.) 'Sahasio tukohi dee doonide a ji.' (Dancing is expected to be taking place at this time [in all/many places].) 'Sahasio ta tine tukohi.' (I am expected to be dancing [a lot].)
be experienced	nesano	V	IT	referring to professional skills or other ones acquired by studying or formalized training (excluding sports and fights)
be experienced	donosano	V	IT	used in intransitive sentences, referring to 'life' knowledge, the kind that usually comes with old age, not professional experience
be finished	lomoho	V	IT
be forgotten	tataimo	V	IT
be fought	teuto	V	IT
be fought over	teuto	V	IT
be free to	foo	AUX	IR	Used as an auxiliary, 'free so. to do sth.' (transitive sentences) or 'be free to do sth.' (intransitive sentences)
be friends with	udimimoo	V	EV	Intransitive meaning: 'to have friends, have become the friend of some' (when used with singular pronouns/referring to single people), or 'be friends' (when used with plural/collective pronouns/referring to multiple people) 'Udimimoo ta haad' I am friend of many. be_friends 1S much/many
be full	onko	V	IT	the transitive meaning is equivalent to English 'be full of/with'
be generous	saihonuo	V	UEV
be gone	noheo	V	UEV	Takes the 'at' (locative from) preposition.
be happy	anindo	V	UEV
be held	asijo	V	UEV
be held accountable	amivoo	V	IT
be humble	kainijato	V	UEV
be hungry	muveo	V	UEV
be important	hiido	V	IT
be imprisoned	no ... tonte netunede	V	UEV
be in a coma	netuno in ilvuhide	V	UEV
be in a condition	sehukatovo	V	IR	particularly a concerning or worrying one, or similar other states of being, exclusively in intransitive sentences.
be in conflict with	teuto	V	IT	transitive meaning, uses no adpositions
be in good shape	lo	V	IT
be in order	kio	V	IT
be in shock	molo na aside	V	IT
be insufficient	lolo	V	UEV
be intelligent	hajeo	V	IT
be interested	saimoho	V	IT
be interested	ofo	V	IT	Slightly colloquial/poetic. Comparable to English 'be caught up in something' Takes the preposition 'ude' (with)
be just	vuatuko	V	UEV
be kind	dekimido	V	UEV
be laughed at	veeho	V	IT	Intransitive meaning: be laughed at, be ridiculed.
be lazy	ammo	V	UEV
be like	eho	V	UEV	used with 'li' (to, towards)
be limitless	netilo	V	UEV
be lost	ejaho	V	IT
be loved	diaadifo	V	IT	in intransitive sentences
be on edge	netido	V	IT
be part of	vo	V	IT	used with the preposition 'ude' (with)
be passionate	vano	V	IT
be possible	hokono	V	IR	be possible in a given situation. Used in intransitive sentences.
be possible	eeo	V	IR	be possible in general, regardless of specific circumstances, when not followed by another verb. Like other stative verbs only usable in intransitive sentences.
be powerful	lumo	V	IT
be public	lihotafo	V	IT	transitive meaning: 'make sth. public (knowledge), nationalize'
be quick	vuo	V	UEV	Also used to mean 'be quick with something' if followed by a second verb. In that case, the intransitive meaning shifts to 'be X-ed quickly'
be reached	ijotido	V	IT	used when the target (a thing or a place) of the transmission, connection or similar (which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract. E.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time as well anything unknown (including material things), e.g. an unknown place, with that which was used to reach the target a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
be regarded as	sino	V	IT	In intransitive sentences
be related	tahadovo	V	IT
be rinsed away	felo	V	IT
be sad	do fuedohi	V	UEV
be said to be	memo	V	IR	Used in intransitive sentences, and only in the following cases: – to report on what someone (or a group of people) said whose identity is not known to the speaker or not supposed to be revealed, – to mark a statement as being (potentially) unreliable (e.g. a rumor) or something that the speaker is not entirely sure of – as a way of being very formal and distanced Can imply an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is said that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is said to be a/an ...'. Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is reported or that which reported it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Memo datu hen.' (A beast is said to exist here. / Here it is said that a beast exists [somewhere].) 'Memo datu a heni.' (A beast is said (by some, somewhere) to exist here.) 'Memo datu a van jumun.' (A dangerous beast is said to exist there. / There some say a dangerous beasts exists [somewhere].) ===REPORTING AN ACTION OR AN EVENT=== To report on an action or event, (English: 'be said to X', where X is a different verb, e.g. 'be said to sleep'), the verb has to be added after the main noun/pronoun as part of a 'tine X-GER' (inside X-ing) phrase. Alternatively, the gerund can become the subject to put the focus on the verb, in which case the agent or experiencer can be dropped. 'Memo datu tine tukohi a heni' (A dancing beast is said to exist here. / It is said a sleeping beast exists here) 'Memo tukohi a datude hen' (It is said that dancing of the beast takes/took place here) 'Memo tukohi hen' (Dancing is said to take place here) A similar sentence with 'a' (of), but a subject that is not a gerund, requires context or specific intonation to disambiguate, even more so if it uses adverbs: 'Memo udimimo a datude hen.' (A friend said something about a beast here. / Here, a friend said something about beasts [in general/somewhere].) or (A friend of beasts is said to exist here. / Here, a friend of beasts is said to exist [somewhere].') To distinguish it from the basic 'say/mention sth. about' meaning, a sentence using this sense of 'memo' usually only has any other oblique objects introduced by 'a' (of) if the subject is a gerund, with other adpositions being preferred, but mostly restricted to only one object in the sentence. 'Memo datu ove hisetude hen' (A beast is said to exist on top of the mountain here) ===HABITUAL STATEMENTS=== Finally, aside from existential statements, habitual ones can also be formed that way: 'Memo tukohi (anti) hen.' (Dancing is said to be (commonly) taking place here.) 'Memo tukohi dee doonide a ji.' (Dancing is said to be taking place at this time [in all/many places].) 'Memo ta tine tukohi.' (I am said to be dancing [a lot].)
be selfless	nuohe	V	IT	'saini a nuohe' - 'selfless person'
be silent	motevo	V	IT	intransitive meaning
be silly	lemuso	V	IT
be skilled	amesano	V	IT	takes the 'ude' (with) adposition and a gerund or abstract noun + oblique case
be smart	hajeo	V	IT
be stealthy	tatiovenalo	V	UEV
be strict	ildeso	V	UEV
be successful	amefoko	V	IT
be sure	ildeso	V	UEV	be certain about something, a belief or similar
be taken hostage	noitadovo	V	IT
be thirsty	lolo	V	UEV
be thought to	saiho	V	IR	Used in intransitive sentences only, in the following cases: – to report on what someone (or a group of people) believes whose identity is not known to the speaker or not supposed to be revealed, – to mark a belief or similar claim as being unverified or something that the speaker is not entirely sure is true Often implies an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is thought that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is thought to be a/an ...' to report on someone's or generally held beliefs. Similar to 'memo' (be said to), but for statements of beliefs, rather than rumors and other statements deemed unreliable, untrustworthy, of unknown or unstated origin, implying a greater conviction or trust in the truthfulness and accuracy of the statements, at least on behalf of the person or people whose statements are being reported on. Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is reported or that which reported it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Saiho datu hen.' (A beast is thought to exist here. / Here it is thought that a beast exists [somewhere].) 'Saiho datu a heni.' (A beast is thought (by some, somewhere) to exist here.) 'Saiho datu a van jumun.' (A dangerous beast is thought to exist there. / There some think a dangerous beasts exists [somewhere].) ===REPORTING AN ACTION OR AN EVENT=== To report on an action or event, (English: 'be thought to X', where X is a different verb, e.g. 'be thought to sleep'), the verb has to be added after the main noun/pronoun as part of a 'tine X-GER' (inside X-ing) phrase. Alternatively, the gerund can become the subject to put the focus on the verb, in which case the agent or experiencer can be dropped. 'Saiho datu tine tukohi a heni' (A dancing beast is thought to exist here. / It is thought a sleeping beast exists here) 'Saiho tukohi a datude hen' (It is thought that dancing of the beast takes/took place here) 'Saiho tukohi hen' (Dancing is thought to take place here) A similar sentence with 'a' (of), but a subject that is not a gerund, requires context or specific intonation to disambiguate: 'Saiho udimimo a datude.' (A friend thinks about beasts. / A friend of beasts is thought to exist here.) To distinguish it from the basic 'think/ponder about sth.' meaning, a sentence using this sense of 'saiho' usually only has any other oblique objects introduced by 'a' (of) if the subject is a gerund, with other adpositions being preferred, but mostly restricted to only one object in the sentence. 'Saiho datu ove hisetude hen' (A beast is thought to exist on top of the mountain here) ===HABITUAL STATEMENTS=== Finally, aside from existential statements, habitual ones can also be formed that way: 'Saiho tukohi (anti) hen.' (Dancing is thought to be (commonly) taking place here.) 'Saiho tukohi dee doonide a ji.' (Dancing is thought to be taking place at this time [in all/many places].) 'Saiho ta tine tukohi.' (I am thought to be dancing [a lot].)
be thrown	ijoto	V	IT
be tired	heito	V	IT
be trained	donosano	V	IT	used in intransitive sentences, referring to physical activities, e.g. sport, combat etc.
be transmitted	ijoto	V	IT	in intransitive sentences, can only have inanimate subjects
be trapped	daho	V	IT
be trapped inside because of bad weather	daho dehi (nadefa)	V	T	in a sentence, the subject would always be 'dehi' (weather), with the direct object being whoever is trapped.
be unbent	ildeso	V	UEV
be unbowed	ildeso	V	UEV
be undead	delvunino	V	UEV
be understanding	dekimido	V	UEV
be violent	lumadoo	V	IT
be void	nuuvo	V	IT
be weird	ilninvo	V	UEV
be wild	vano	V	IT
be windy	huuso	V	IT
be written	hotio	V	IT	in intransitive sentences
beach	sanaanet	N	C.
beach	saan	N	C.
beak	onekaat	N	C.	only used for larger beaks, for example of an eagle or other predator birds
beak	onekafi	N	C.	only used for small beaks, for example of songbirds
bean	nike	N	C.
bear	nodeo	V	EV
beard	lusa	N	C.
beast	datu	N	W.	for big creatures (especially those significantly bigger or more powerful than a human)
beat	midi	N	I.
beat	mido	V	EV
beauty	ohi	N	I.
beauty	ohaji	N	I.
because	todehente	C
because of	nuhe	ADP
become	evotono	V	IR	This verb behaves like 'to be', it uses two arguments in the direct case, rather than objects in the indirect and/or oblique case.
become a black hole	hemovuhifo	V	IT	alternatively, 'evotono ... hemovuhifi' can be used, with the ellipsis being replaced by the subject.
become a companion	todehentemoo	V	UEV
become famous	muldafo	V	UEV	to become famous for good deeds
become native	juto	V	IT	originally meant 'make part of one's home', now used with a wider meaning. Not used for individual persons unless they are becoming native to a previously uninhabited place. If they become part of an existing society, 'jutio' should be used.
become native	jutio	V	IT	in the sense of becoming a part of the culture of a society (for animals, plants and the like) or a member of it (for people)
bed	mihinio	V	EV	Rare variant: 'mihinono' (from 'bed' + verb-suffix)
bed	mihidon	N	C.	rare variant: 'mihinon'
bee	ku	N	W.
before	ajofane	ADP
before	doniha	C
before	doniha	ADP
begin	vuno	V	EV
beginning	tini	N	I.	for abstract/immaterial things, e.g. mathematical or IT-related ones
beginning	vuni	N	I.	general
beginning	niki	N	I.	'beginning’ as in origin, i.e. the first beginning of something
behave	toniamo	V	UEV	'tonijamo' is a dialectal variant
behaviour	tonijami	N	I.
behind	tonte	ADP		Preposition
being	sifeva	N	W.
being understanding	dekimidu	N	I.
belief	ki	N	I.	non-religious beliefs only
belief	homanuki	N	I.
belief system	kiat	N	I.	a belief system that encompasses many or almost all parts of life, rather than only a specific part
believe	homanuko	V	EV
believe in	tesoamio	V	IR	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'believe in', and intransitive: 'be believed to be true/needed/doing') and can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'believe to have done/to do') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be believed to have experienced')
believe in	homano	V	EV	usually for meaningful religious or philosophical beliefs, or anything else that provides guidance, motivation etc. in life
believer	homanuka	N	C.	e.g. in a religion, or someone who holds a particular philosophical standpoint
belly	ummo	N	C.
belong	ano	V	IT	For anything that might be seen as inalienable possession, or in the sense of 'feeling at home with' ('I belong with my family'). Takes the 'an/in/un' ('in') adposition.
belonging to	ane	ADP		used in place of 'ano' (to inalienably belong to) when referring to oblique objects, for example for the 'of' in 'I am the best swimmer of my family'. Using 'a' would imply that being a swimmer is an inalienable part of belonging to that family, at least for the speaker, rather than a circumstantial fact.
below	sohuhe	ADP
bend	deso	V	EV
benthic zone	saava a saanuvide	N	W.
benthos	saanuviva	N	W.
berate	nesatilovo ... a ukainide	V	EV
berm	uila a oena	N	C.
berry	utukifi	N	C.
berth	saava	N	C.
beside	nav	ADP
best	uketa	N	I.	irregular superlative of 'uke' (good)
best	ukeat	ADV
best friend	homo	N	C.
betray	ilukaino	V	EV
better	ukae	ADV
betterness	ukea	N	I.
between	kove	ADP		root
beverage	tahoova	N	C.
beware	netumio	V	EV
beyond	dee	ADP		Usage notes: 1) spatial: 'beyond a place' (adposition) 2) spatial: 'at the other side of' (adposition) 3) spatial/abstract: missing something (adposition/adverb) 4) spatial: 'somewhere in or on a place to be traversed' (adposition/adverb) 5) temporal 'happening during the passing of a point in time' (adposition)
beyond	haae	ADP
bicycle	tel	N	C.
Big Bang	tisolumi a vuni	PPR	I.
big order	kiat	N	I.
big thing	viat	N	I.
biggerness	haada	N	I.
biggestness	haadat	N	I.
bigness	haad	N	I.
bile	enuu	N	C.	sometimes also called 'tahava a keake' or 'liquid of liver'
bind	kahano	V	EV	takes the 'ado/ido/udo' ('at') adposition
biography	tahina	N	I.
biological classification	itohi a havan	N	I.
biological material	va a havan	N	C.
biological process	aseji a havan	N	I.
biology	nesaniavan	N	I.
bird	huuva	N	C.
birdsong	tesohuuva	N	C.
birth	vuna	N	C.
birth	nuino	V	EV
birth date	vuha u dotohaa a vuna	N	I.
bit	sivue	N	I.
bite	kiodemo	V	EV	specifically, 'to bite something off'
bite into	duso	V	EV
bitumen	tahadova	N	C.
black	jehiluhi	N	I.
black hole	hemovuhifi	N	I.
black ice	haadalfani a jehiluhi	N	W.
black out	ilvuhivo	V	EV
blackbird	keluu	N	C.
bladder	onkaten	N	C.
blanket	ikomivo	N	C.
bleed	sumivo	V	EV
bleeding	sumi	N	C.	used for bruises or smaller bleedings or similar injuries
bleep	daho	V	T	In this sense requiring an object and commonly used together with these words: 'daho tahivati (ude viifede)' – 'to censor words (with bleeps)' 'daho tahodeniti (ude viifede)' – 'to censor a conversation (with bleeps)' If bleeping has already been established as the method of censorship or can be deduced by context, than 'daho tahivati' can also mean 'to bleep words'.
blend	keseho	V	EV	see notes for ‘keseha’ (blend)
blend	sedamo	V	EV	see notes for ‘sedami’ (blend)
blend	sedami	N	I.	if the mixture is a kind of blend of two or more things, forming a new thing where the ingredients are not (easily) distinguishable anymore, e.g. mashed potatoes with blended with other mashed vegetables, as opposed to a blend of herbs
blend	keseha	N	C.	a blend consisting of (finely or coarsely) grounded items where the individual parts are still visible and distinguishable
bless	fulmohomo	V	EV
blessing	fulmohomi	N	I.
blind	ijio	V	EV
blindness	iji	N	I.
blink	unvo	V	UEV
blob	duva	N	C.	any kind of liquid that has turned solid or coagulated
block	netuno	V	EV	not just referring to blocking pathways etc. but e.g. also to blocking a signal (e.g. radio or internet), a language (from being taught in schools, appearing in bookstores) or banning a religion (e.g. from being practiced publicly)
block	non	N	C.	A block in a town forming one neighborhood, or a part of it.
block	lusa	N	I.	technically incorrect way to refer to a rectangular block but frequently used due to it being much shorter
block	lusa a fumotileke	N	I.	a rectangular block
block	kunno	V	EV
blockade	netuuni	N	I.	A mental block or blockade keeping you from doing something, be it what you want or need to do, or that keeps you from achieving (including, but not limited to spiritual) freedom, your full potential or other things.
blood	tahavana	N	C.
blossom	ohajo	V	UEV
blow	huuso	V	EV	only used for the wind, a storm or similar
blow	voo	V	EV	not used for the wind (which would be 'husoo')
blue	jehaadufi	N	I.	Also used for greenish blues, turquoise, cyan etc. Light blue/green use 'white', very dark blue/green use 'black'.
blueprint	okiofe	N	C.
blunt	heito	V	EV
board	kiovatefa	N	C.	e.g. a wooden board
boat	saivo	N	C.
bob	sao ... te u tohene ...	V	EV	First parenthesis is where the subject would go, second is where the object, if any, goes.
body	mat	N	C.
body of water	saavan	N	C.
body part	mat	N	C.
body part	matava	N	C.
bog	vimel	N	W.	referring to cold or temperate wetland, not e.g. subtropical or tropical swamps or bogs
bog	fenvolka	N	W.	subtropical and tropical swamps or bogs
boil	favo ... an saavade	V	EV	'an saavade' comes after the subject (that boils/is boiled)
bolt	kunnivo	N	C.	something that prevents entry through e.g. a door, like a bolt or lock
bomb	ijoto tisolumivo	V	EV
bomb	tisolumivo	N	C.
bone	vutamat	N	C.
bonfire	vanon	N	C.
book	hotif	N	C.
border	netio	V	EV
border	neti	N	I.
border crossing point	netin	N	I.
border guard	netimo	N	C.
border of civilisation	netu	N	W.	Historically, the wilderness (rainforest) was the natural border of the Jutean villages.
bore	feetedo	V	EV
boredom	feetedi	N	I.	the feeling of boredom
boredom	donaheiti	N	I.	Also referring to the time spent being bored
borrow	evoto	V	EV	For natural resources and other things obtained from nature.
botany	nesani a haadova	N	I.
both	lekee	P
both	lekee	ADV
bother	vuato li	V	EV
bottle	kasiisii	N	C.
bottom	uuva	N	I.
bottom of a water body	saavanuvi	N	C.
boundary	neti	N	I.
boundlessness	netili	N	I.
bout	saadi	N	I.	Only used for emotions and similar.
bow	elko	N	C.
bowl	tukivo	N	C.
bowl	soa	N	C.	more used for basket-like bowls
bowlful	uisa	N	C.
box	sevel	N	C.
braid	amo ... juteti	V	T	mostly used for jute fibers, but also used for other fibers, then with the phrasing 'amo ... ehe jutede' (work ... like jute)
brain	anofa	N	C.
brainwash	hotilvuho	V	EV
branch	molu	N	W.	referring to fallen, usually large branches in the jungle or similar places
branch	konu	N	W.	for larger branches still attached to trees in the jungle
branch	tik	N	C.	smaller branches
branch	kon	N	C.	for larger branches still attached to trees
brazil nut	dunata	N	C.
bread	mesetan	N	C.
break	amdo	V	EV
break	mihoni	N	I.
break away	amdoheo	V	EV	if referring to 'breaking away from something', like a country from a union or similar, the reflexive voice is used
break sticks	amdotiko	V	EV
break the law	ilhoko	V	IR	used in intransitive sentences where the subject is human (or otherwise sapient and using human pronouns)
breakability	amdeei	N	I.
breakfast	favefa a vunuhi	N	I.
breakthrough	fohatefivou	N	I.
breakwater	netun a saava	N	C.	a 'breakwater' is a construction that e.g. protects a harbor from the effects of bad weather
breast	vume	N	C.
breastfeed	nuvuhomo	V	EV
breath	nosaa	N	C.
breath	temosai	N	C.	referring to a single, or multiple breaths of air, not breath in general
breathalyser	vailivaso a nosaa	N	C.
breathe	nosao	V	UEV
breathe in	temosao	V	EV
breathing	nosaohi	N	I.
breeze	huusafi	N	C.
brick	lotekeea	N	C.
bridge	alvivo	N	C.
brief	dekivo	V	EV
brightness	vuhohi	N	I.	only used for the sun or similar astral objects
brightness	voonohi	N	I.	used for smaller objects emitting light, not the sun or similar
bring	tavuo	V	EV	'todivo' is a rare alternate form
bring away	tavuheo	V	EV	when talking about things or persons that shouldn't be in the place the speaker is talking about, or that were or are being removed
bring down	noituuvo	V	EV
bring in	tovo	V	EV
bring inside	tinovo	V	EV
broadloom	delonat	N	C.	wide loom that usually requires two weavers and a lot of room
bronze	meihon	N	C.
brownie	hovanefafi a lodua	N	C.	Often shortened to 'hovalodua'
brownie	hovalodu	N	C.	Sitti Jutean
bruise	sumi	N	C.	used for bruises or smaller bleedings or similar injuries
bubble	voha	N	C.
bubble	voho	V	EV	in transitive sentences: cause to have bubbles/be bubbling
bubbling	vohi	N	I.
bucket	soat	N	C.
bucketful	uisat	N	C.	a measurement
bud	luusa	N	C.
budget	jufino	V	EV	to be economical
budgeting	jufini	N	I.	An alternative form is 'jufinafa', from 'jufini' + 'afa' (resultative suffix)
build	haado	V	EV
build a home	haaheno	V	UEV
builder	olumo	N	C.
building	oluma	N	C.	a (physical) construction, particularly buildings, bridges etc.
building	olumohi	N	C.	referring to the act of construction
building	dovi a mihonohi	N	C.	a tall building with many apartments in it, not an office block or a smaller apartment building
building	hadeefa	N	C.	general term for any kind of built structure (but not the act of building)
building material	olumava	N	C.
building tools	haadivo	N	C.
bully	dusovo	V	EV
bully	heva	N	C.
bun	setufi	N	C.	any kind of small and round baked good
bundle of jute fibers	dufam	N	C.	referring to e.g. the drying fibers after they have been separated from the woody part of the stem, so mostly used in a plural sense
buoy	umto	V	EV	used in transitive sentences
bureaucracy	mahavi	N	I.	also referring to things like 'loose papers laying around on the floor, sign of too much bureaucracy'
bureaucratic chaos	mahavi	N	I.	also referring to things like 'loose papers laying around on the floor, sign of too much bureaucracy'
burial	unsi	N	I.
burial at sea	unsi a saanu	N	I.
burn	vano	V	EV
burn	tiso	V	EV
burn down	tisoheo	V	EV
burn out	tisoheo	V	EV	in intransitive sentences only
burn up	tisoheo	V	EV	in intransitive sentences only
burn up	tiso	V	EV
burnability	tiseei	N	I.
burst	tiso	V	EV
bury	unso	V	EV
bush	kuseluf	N	C.
bush	mosel	N	C.	smaller shrubs and bushes
business	amini	N	I.	referring not to a place, but the enterprise itself.
business	amin	N	C.	referring to the physical location of an enterprise
but	moji	C
butter	nea a akaviki	N	C.	dialectal term, somewhat loosely translated as 'ground milk', or more literally 'that which is ground [and] of milk'
butter	kinu	N	C.
buzz	asuuo	V	UEV	often pronounced [azu:]
by	na	ADP		used in the sense of 'through, by means of', as for example 'winning through/by luck'
by	nav	ADP		When referring to locations, such as 'by the tree'
by	a	ADP
bye	jootut (fa)	PHR		The 'fa' is often omitted and only implied
cactus	doka	N	W.
cage	daho	V	T	used in transitive sentences only
cake	hovanefa	N	C.	can be savory as well
cake tin	hovanefivo	N	C.
calculate	tikko	V	EV
calculation	tikkohi	N	I.
calculator	vailitikki	N	C.	often shortened to 'vailikki'
calendar	nuavuha	N	C.
calf	tonna	N	C.	referring to the part of the leg below the knee
call	sino ... ehe	V	EV	to refer to someone with a particular name
call	sinivi	N	I.
call	sino	V	EV	to get someone’s attention through yelling or similar
call	sinivoo	V	EV	to call someone with the telephone
calm	mo	V	EV
calm	mi	N	I.
calm sea	musu	N	W.
camera	vunivo a nioonide	N	C.
camp	nuno tane mihononede a dela	V	UEV
campfire site	tisan	N	C.
can	fule	N	C.
can	eeo	AUX	IR	Referring to generally being able to do something. Used as an auxiliary in both transitive (e.g. 'They generally can do it') and intransitive sentences (e.g. 'They generally can swim').
can	hokono	AUX	IR	Referring to currently being able to do something, or in a given situation, i.e. being in the right circumstances for something. Used as an auxiliary in both transitive (e.g. 'They currently can do it') and intransitive sentences (e.g. 'They currently can fly').
canal	tonat a saava	N	C.
candle	sefe	N	C.
candy	somma	N	C.
candy	visommu	N	C.	alternate term for ‘somma’ (candy)
canister	fule	N	C.
canoe	minna	N	C.
canyon	faivun	N	W.
capability	eehi	N	I.
capillarity	evohi a emti a tahava	N	I.
capital	sitti	N	C.
capitalism	ki a hokehut a tonija	N	I.
captain	hoollemu	N	C.
car	jaas	N	C.
car accident	hokoluki a vailita	N	I.	the word for car, 'jaas', can be used, but it's uncommon
car crash	atti a vailita	N	C.	the word for car, 'jaas', can be used, but it's uncommon
caramel	usetiimi	N	C.
caravan	sasaa	N	C.	referring to anything resembling trade caravans or other kind of caravans, including trains
caraway	minko	N	C.	referring to the spice
carbohydrate	nuaite a kim	N	C.
cardamom	feo	N	C.
care	sehuko	V	EV	doesn't require a benefactive for, but is sometimes inserted for emphasis, though this can be seen as ungrammatical.
care	sehuki	N	I.
care for	haado	V	EV	for plants in a garden or gardens in general
care for pet	sehuko	V	EV	doesn't require the benefactive for 'nuhe', but this is sometimes inserted for emphasis, though this can be seen as ungrammatical. 'Sehuko ta nofati.’ I care for a dog. (Care 1S dog-IDR)
career	tovivi	N	I.
carefulness	havandifi	N	I.	less anxious, 'calmer' than the caution 'havandi' refers to
carelessness	ilsehuki	N	I.
caretaker	sehukumo	N	C.	Someone who raises children as their own.
cargo ship	kiovasaa a helsehat	N	C.
carnivore	hemaviholu	N	C.
carriage	tivo	N	C.
carrier	vattimo	N	C.
carrot	aeka	N	C.
carry	vatto	V	EV
carrying	vatti	N	I.
cart	vailivatti	N	C.
carve	helko	V	EV	To carve from wood, metal or other materials in a way that creates chippings.
carve	kiso	V	EV
carve	hotio	V	EV	mostly used to refer to carving something in, like letters or symbols, or a drawing
carve out	kiso	V	EV
carving	helka	N	C.	a wood or other kind of carving, but not incisions or similar
case	sahoni	N	I.	in case = 'ude sahonide' just in case = 'nuhe sahonide a kiovif'
case	sevel	N	C.	something that covers another object, like a CD case
case	aseji	N	I.	e.g. of bad luck. in case = 'dee asejide'
cast a shadow	ejoto	V	EV
cast a spell	lumo ... na tesoamade	V	EV	no preposition needed, target follows subject immediately as direct object in transitive sentences or as subject of intransitive sentences follows the verb
casting	matohi a sitilivade	N	I.	referring to metal casting
castle	mihonafa a netun	N	C.
castle	netun	N	C.	also referring to any walled building, structure or complex
castle inhabitant	netummo	N	C.	anyone living voluntarily in or behind walls or walled buildings
cat	nijauva	N	C.
catalyzer	udimivo	N	I.
catch	daho	V	T	only sometimes used in transitive sentences to mean 'to catch with a net', 'to catch by locking up in a closed space' or something similar
catch	ofo	V	EV	with hands, not by locking in or with a net or something similar, or for other animate or inanimate subjects
catcher	ofomo	N	C.
catchment area	oeefofeohi	N	C.	referring to the area that serves as the source for a water outlet, like a river
category	nuaite	N	I.
cattle	senuuja	N	C.
cauldron	sedaat	N	C.
cause	novi	N	I.	the reason for something
cause	sehukivi	N	I.	something that people rally behind, a good cause
cause	novo	V	EV
cause a mass panic	vomiso	V	EV	Intransitive meaning: 'to be used to cause a mass panic'
cause a problem	vutano	V	EV	When used in a transitive sentence, the direct object has to be person, being, thing etc. that now is having a problem.
cause anguish	kolijo	V	EV
cause concern	sehukatovo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'cause so. concern', and intransitive: 'be caused to be concerned'). In intransitive sentences gerunds are, unlike with other syntactically similarly working words such as 'memo' or 'saiho' introduced by 'nuhe' (for, because of). It can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'cause so. to be concerned about (so.) doing sth.') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be made concerned about sth.')
cause pain	holdo	V	T
cause sparks	keleavo	V	EV
cause symptoms	ilikimo	V	EV
cause to act unethically	ilukainivo	V	EV
cause to worry	sehukatovo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'cause so. to worry', and intransitive: 'be caused to worry (about doing sth.)'). In intransitive sentences gerunds are, unlike with other syntactically similarly working words such as 'memo' or 'saiho' introduced by 'nuhe' (for, because of). It can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'cause so. to worry about (so.) doing sth.) and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be made worried about sth.')
caution	havandi	N	I.	A guardedness that can be full of anxiety and/or fear, as for example what you can feel in a jungle where everything might be trying to kill you
cave	fusu	N	W.	especially, but not exclusively, underground caves
cave	vasa	N	W.
cave system	fusuf	N	W.	a cave system or series of caves
cavern	fusuf	N	W.	a cave system or series of caves
cavity	tukivu a haad	N	W.	naturally formed hole or hollow depression in the ground, wood or rock that is of a larger size
cavity	tukivu	N	W.	small naturally formed hole or hollow depression in the ground, wood or rock
ceasefire	movetafivo	N	I.
celebrate	doonato	V	EV
celebration	doonat	N	I.
cell	matavafi	N	C.
cemetery gardener	vasomo a unsan	N	C.
censor	daho	V	T	In this sense requiring an object and commonly used together with these words: 'daho tahivati' – 'to censor words' 'daho vunojati/niooniti' – 'to restrict a show/movie from public viewing' 'daho kioviti' – 'to censor a part (of a movie/show/etc.) 'daho hotifiti' – 'to restrict the circulation of a book (while not banning the possession of it)'
censorship	dahohi	N	I.	Commonly used together with these words: 'dahohi a tahivade' – 'censorship/censoring of words' 'dahohi a vunojade/nioonide' – 'censorship/censoring of a show/movie' 'dahohi a kiovide' – 'censorship of a part (of a movie/show/etc.) 'dahohi a hotifide' – 'censorship/restriction of the circulation of a book (while not banning the possession of it)'
centralisation	midivi	N	I.
centre	midi	N	I.
centricity	midi	N	I.
ceremony	doonat a muje	N	I.
certainly	ildese	ADV
certainty	ildesi	N	I.
certificate	tesohovi	N	I.
chain	noitadova	N	C.	rarely, 'noitodovo' is also used for the noun
chain	noitadovo	V	EV
chain together	noitadovo	V	EV
challenge	nuheo	V	EV	especially when used with the reciprocal voice, or in some contexts intransitively
challenge	tei	N	I.
chance	hokoni	N	I.
change	ilehi	N	I.	literally 'unlikeness'
change	ileho	V	EV
channel	tonetun	N	C.
chant	uivato	V	EV
chant	lumo a tesoama	N	I.	can be magical, religious, political
chant	lumo ... na tesoamade	V	EV	Can be magical, religious, political. Subject and objects come before 'na tesoamade'.
chaos	mahavi	N	I.	referring to political, bureaucratic or similar chaos that arises from a lack of organization or an overload of information, demand or similar.
chaos	ilikiat	N	I.
character	tonija	N	I.
character development	tovivi	N	I.
characteristic	eeofula	N	I.
chase	vutonto	V	EV
chase	noito to	V	EV
chase away	vuheo	V	EV
check	asotilo	V	EV	to double check, check in with someone again after some time
check	vaso	V	EV
cheek	keen	N	C.
cheese	dafute	N	C.
chemical	tahava a nesaniva	N	I.
chemistry	nesaniva	N	I.
cherimoya	suuma	N	C.
chest	feohaa	N	C.
chew	oneko	V	EV
chewing	oneki	N	I.
chicken	eselko	N	C.
chicken coop	tuneselko	N	C.
chief	vunamoena	N	C.
chieftain	vunamoena	N	C.
child	nuina	N	C.	Used for any relatives in your child's generation, this includes nephews, nieces etc.
childhood	nihinuina	N	I.
chill	uhaso	V	UEV
chin	eku	N	C.
chirp	siio	V	UEV
chirp	diito	V	UEV
chocolate	somaloda	N	C.
choice	hedadi	N	I.
choose	hedado	V	EV
chop	tof	N	C.
chop	tofo	V	EV
chop	dakko	V	EV
chorus	uivimof	N	C.
chronicle	hotif a tahif	N	C.
church	mosaihin	N	C.
cinema	nioonin	N	C.
cinnamon	kimsii	N	C.
circle	efeni	N	I.
circulatory system	vattivi a mat	N	C.
city	sitti	N	C.	Sitti Jutean, referring specifically to the city of Sitti, where the dialect is mostly spoken. Sometimes also used for other cities.
city	nonat	N	C.
city dweller	ninonata	N	C.
city life	ninonat	N	I.	usually neutral, but sometimes also mocking, rarely pejorative
city lifestyle	ninonat	N	I.	usually neutral, but sometimes also mocking, rarely pejorative
civil service	amafa	N	I.	public offices that are unelected, so not part of the three main branches
civil war	vetafa kove nonafede	N	I.
civilisation	sainif a kiat	N	C.
cladding	desofena	N	C.	protective coating
claim	sino ... havaniti	V	T
clan	noni	N	I.	Jutean families traditionally tended to live a lot in the same place and didn't move around much.
clarify	hujotivo	V	EV
clarity	hujoti	N	I.
clash	teut	N	I.	Not necessarily referring to a violent conflict, 'vettaf' is more commonly used for that.
clash with	teuto	V	T	transitive meaning, uses no adpositions
class	nuaite	N	I.	a 'class' as in a certain category or type
classify	ito	V	EV
claw	vosa	N
clay	vonna	N	C.
clayware	sedanvi	N	C.	used for baking or roasting
clean	saavo	V	EV
cleaner	saavimo	N	C.
cleaning	saavi	N	I.
cleanliness	saveefa	N	I.
clear away	ameo	V	EV
clearly	hujote	ADV
clearness	saveefa	N	I.
cliff	ialma	N	W.
climb	loto	V	EV
climb	tuloo	V	EV
climb down	loto	V	T
climb stairs	lejovo	V	EV
clip	nioonifi	N	I.
cloak	ejoto	V	EV
clock	nuodona	N	C.
clone	donaleka	N	C.
clone	donaleko	V	EV
close	femmoo	V	EV	the direct object in transitive or subject in intransitive sentences are places that are being closed, e.g. rooms, houses etc. rather than doors
close friendship	homo	N	I.
closeness	navi	N	I.
clot	duva	N	C.	any kind of liquid that has turned solid or coagulated
clot	duvo	V	UEV
cloth	desofenava	N	C.
clothes	desofena	N	C.	for clothes that are wrapped around the body or put on in a similar way
clothing	ejotamat	N	C.
clothing	desofena	N	C.	for clothes that are wrapped around the body or put on in a similar way
clotting	duvi	N	I.
cloud	vianuhu	N	I.
club	vettivo	N	C.	a cudgel
club	molo	V	EV
club	mola	N	C.	a cudgel, usually just a bigger stick
club	fuumonifi	N	C.	an association
coagulation	duvi	N	I.
coagulation	duvi (a vifi)	N	I.	referring to the water treatment process in particular
coal	naik	N	C.
coarse sand	seku	N	C.
coarsely shredded coconut	setaseka	N	C.
coast	net	N	C.
coastal seafloor	saanevi	N	C.
coastal water	saanetava	N	C.
coastal waters	saan	N	C.
coastline	netaf	N	C.
coat	ejoto	V	EV
cocoa	lodua	N	C.
coconut	utuko	N	C.
coconut butter	nea a unosi	N	C.	ground fresh coconut meat, also known as creamed coconut
coconut cream	keluko a afuva	N	C.	made like coconut milk, but containing less coconut water
coconut flour	nea	N	C.	if not explicitly stated otherwise, otherwise it can refer to any kind of flour
coconut husk	futuko	N	C.
coconut meat	seta	N	C.
coconut milk	keluko	N	C.
coconut oil	lomni	N	C.
coconut water	evutu	N	C.
code	hotivahi	N	I.
code	hotajoti	N	I.
coerce	lumo	V	EV
coffee	jefije	N	C.
coffee substitute	jefije a ilehi	N	C.
coherence	deli	N	I.
coil	desofeno	V	EV
coil	desofenefa	N	C.
coir	nekko	N	C.	usually referring to retted coconut fiber that is ready for other uses
coir	lojatuk	N	C.
cold	ilvufani	N	I.
cold weather hat	kije	N	C.
coldness	husadi	N	I.
collaborate	amaheho	V	EV
collaboration	amahehi	N		Mostly used as an adjectival noun with this meaning.
collapse	fuedo	V	EV	in intransitive sentences 'to collapse', in transitive sentences 'to make collapse'
colleague	amahehi	N	C.
collect	mekoo	V	EV	to combine or add together
collect	ito	V	EV	e.g. documents or books on a topic
collect	uiso	V	EV	to gather, e.g. mushrooms
collect mushrooms	uiso	V	EV
collection	mekohefa	N	I.
collective	amafe	N	C.	refers to the group of the people working the land, can also be used to refer to manufacture, factory etc. syndicates
collective	netuadovanafa	N	C.	referring to the collectively owned farm itself, but not the people working on it (and not to any collectively owned manufactures, factories, these use different words) Often shortened to 'netuafa'
collective power	lumafa	N	I.	collective (not necessarily political) power of of a community, or e.g. the population of a country
collective power	lumamafa	N	I.	'power of the people', collective (explicitly) political power of a community or society
college	solsuuka	N	C.
colonialism	sahai a hedoheohi	N	I.
colour	johi	N	I.	color + augmentative suffix (-it) = darker color (red -> dark red, brown) color + diminutive suffix (-fi) = lighter color (red -> yellow, black -> gray)
colour	joho	V	EV
comb	kio ... lojati	V	EV	Referring to combing hair. The intransitive version would be 'kio loja' or 'hair is/was combed'
comb	kiolojivo	N	C.	a comb for hair
combination	mekohefa	N	I.
combine	mekoo	V	EV
combine	keseho	V	EV
come	edo	V	UEV
come	ato	V	UEV
come across	edojo	V	EV
come back	atilo	V	UEV
come closer	navo	V	UEV	Towards the speaker.
come from	niko	V	EV
come into contact with	femo	V	EV	e.g. an illness
comet	atilu	N	W.
comfort	homo	V	EV
command	lumadoo	V	EV
command	lumadoi	N	I.
commando unit	amafiit	N	C.
commando unit	amafiit a foohi	N	C.	responsible for freeing hostages (aka 'crack commando unit')
comment	fuli	N	I.
commerce	hokehut a efi	N	I.
commit adultery	amdanano	V	UEV
committee	joinuhi	N	I.
commonly	anti	ADV
commonness	anti	N	I.
communicate	nuudeko	V	EV
communication	nuudeki	N	I.
communication system	vaaki a nuudeki	N	I.
communicator	nuudekomo	N	C.
communism	sahai a midi	N	I.
communitarianism	nuakaini a non	N	I.	'village values', collectivist values that prioritize collective well-being and needs over individual ones
community	nonaf	N	I.	Used for both communities of single settlements as well as the community of multiple settlements and/or sprawling bigger ones
community hall	mihonafa	N	C.	In Jute, these can offer services such as mail, laundry, lunch, even public showers etc. and host events, often including the citizen assembly known as meeting of the community.
commute	letafavuha	N	C.	Referring to the (usually) daily trips to work or school and back. Aside from e.g. bicycles, many Juteans also commute with boats on the many rivers of the main island.
commute	letafo vuhe	V	UEV	See notes for 'letafavuha' (a commute)
companion	todehentemo	N	C.
companionship	todehentemi	N	I.
company	amini	N	I.
compare	ilehio	V	EV
compared to	ilehe	C
compass	feet	N	C.
compassion	udi	N	I.
compatibility	feami	N	I.
compensate	mohomoo	V	EV
competition	iduoli	N	I.
complain	usolo	V	UEV
complete	uvulvo	V	EV
complete	lomoho	V	EV
completely	lomohe	ADV
completely	onke	ADV
completeness	uvulvi	N	I.
completion	lomohi	N	I.
complexity	kiat	N	I.
compliance	lomohi	N	I.
compress	ilhaado	V	EV
comprise	hedotano	V	EV
computer	lisenkaun	N	C.	Sitti Jutean
computer	vailidekiva	N	C.
computer work	amadahi	N	I.
comrade	udima	N	C.	Slang
comrade	hetevimehi	N	C.	comrade in arms, brother in arms, fellow soldier, cobelligerent
conceal	ejoto	V	EV
concede	ilnuheo	V	EV
concede	dekiodo	V	EV	this meaning of ‘dekiodo’ is mostly used when preceded by 'teo' (need, have to)
conceive	saihono	V	EV	to conceive a plan, an idea, concept etc.
conceive	nuino	V	EV	to conceive a child
conceive	dekio	V	EV	to conceive as in ‘to understand’
concept	okiofe	N	I.	especially, but not exclusively, less abstract concepts (see also 'vinvi' for that)
conception	nuini	N	I.	literally 'giving a child [to the world]'
conceptualise	okio fe	V	EV	'fe' is treated like any other adverb and put at the end of the sentence/phrase
concern	ano	V	IT	Takes the 'an/in/un' ('in') adposition.
concerning	sie	ADP		for specific, known or named people, living beings or things, or to establish a topic, used with verbs, for example 'veeho sie' (laugh about), or with nouns, e.g. 'tonikki sie kiovohi' (algorithm regarding the distribution)
concerning	ande	ADP		to establish a particular connection, especially belonging or that something is part of something, e.g. with locations or groups, as in ‘kama ande oenade’ (fruits belonging to the land) or ‘saini ande kahanade’ (people belonging to the group)
conclude	ivusao ... li	V	UEV	'li' would properly be translated as 'that', as in 'to conclude that'
conclusion	ivusai	N	I.
concrete	nialsete	N	C.
condensed milk	akaviki a vanohi a ilvufani	N	C.	Sweetened condensed milk would be 'akaviki a vanohi a ilvufani a sommu', though sometimes, like in English the 'sweetened' part can be dropped if the context makes it clear.
confection	somma	N	C.
conference centre	dahon	N	C.
confidant	mulda	N	C.
confidence	fesualumo	N	I.
confirm	dekio ni	V	EV	intransitive meaning translates to '(This is/was/has been) confirmed'
conflict	vettaf	N	I.	For violent conflicts.
conflict	teut	N	I.	Not necessarily referring to a violent conflict, 'vettaf' is more commonly used for that.
confront	teho	V	EV
confront	dovo te	V	UEV
confrontation	tei	N	I.
confuse	tuomo	V	EV
confuse	ilikio	V	EV
confusion	iliki	N	I.
conlang	tahivi a olumohi	N	I.
connect	kahano	V	EV	loose connection, one that can easily be separated again later on, takes the 'ado/ido/udo' ('at') adposition
connect	tahadovo	V	EV
connection	tahadovi	N	I.
connection	kahani	N	I.	loose connection, one that can easily be separated again later on
connector	kahanivo	N	C.
conquer	hedoheo	V	EV
conscience	nuahukaini	N	I.
consent	oso	V	IR	Ergative (used like 'to consent to') Osol ta ji – I do/did not consent to this. Oso ji. – This was consented to/consensual.
consequence	noitili	N	I.
conservation	hi	N	I.
conservatism	sahai a hi	N	I.
conserve	ho	V	EV
consider	sahaamo	V	T	Meaning when used in transitive sentences (that is, with an object)
consideration	dekimidu	N	I.
consolidate	feo	V	EV	rarely used with sapient beings in intransitive sentences except in a metaphorical or poetical sense
consonant	tesohilehi	N	I.
constellation	tahadovi a vuhifi	N	I.
constitution	hotif a hokonoeni	N	C.
constitutional right	hokonoeni	N	I.
construct	olumo	V	EV	see notes on 'olumo' (create)
construction	oluma	N	C.	a (physical) construction, particularly buildings, bridges etc.
construction	olumohi	N	C.	referring to the act of construction
construction	olumafi	N	C.	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
construction site	olumohin	N	C.
construction worker	olumo	N	C.
contact	femo	V	EV
contact	hooji	N	I.	originally meant only physical contact, now sometimes used in a wider sense
contain	daho	V	T
contain	soo	V	EV
container	soat	N	C.	referring to larger containers, usually open ones that have no lid
container	onkifivo	N	C.	usually referring to smaller containers
container	onka	N	C.	especially for liquids or bulk goods, not e.g. books
container	sevel	N	C.	a box or other container that fully covers the items it contains
container	fule	N	C.	a can or canister
container ship	kiovasaa a helsehat	N	C.
contaminate	ilsaavo	V	EV
contamination	ilsaveefa	N	I.
contemplate	haadoko	V	EV
contempt	ilukaini	N	I.
content	va	N	I.
contentiousness	ildekiodi	N	I.
continent	savanhuva	N	W.
continue	ho	V	EV
contradiction	etohei	N	I.	either a statements that contradicts itself, or something that is logically not possible
contribute to	mekoo	V	EV
contribution	nuokeda	N	I.
control	lumadoo	V	EV	referring to violent control measures that are overbearing, oppressive or subjugating, the way an abuser can control a victim or a dictator tries to control one or several populations
control	hotuvo	V	EV	referring to non-violent control measures that are overbearing, oppressive or subjugating control, the way an abuser can control a victim or a dictator tries to control one or several populations
control	amivoo	V	EV	referring to both oppressive control like 'hotuvo', but also non-abusive control, for example civilian control over the military, or control of some sort of device or machine
control	amivo	N	I.
controllability	amivi	N	I.
controversy	ildekiodi	N	I.
conversation	tahodeni	N	I.
cook	favo	V	EV
cook	favefamo	N	C.
cooking	favi	N	I.
cooking utensils	favivo	N	C.	mostly pots and pans, but can also include ladles and spatulas (though then only in combination with the former)
cool thing	vikiniv	N	I.	Slang
cope	vatto	V	EV
copper	fosene	N	C.
copra	setavuha	N	C.	also known as dried coconut meat
copy	vavo	V	EV
cord	lojatukefa	N	C.
core	nike	N	C.
corn flour	nea a telso	N	C.	'telso' (corn) can be replaced by other words to get the terms for other kinds of flour
corner	fumooti	N	I.
correctness	sei	N	I.
correspond	lihoto	V	EV
corrupt	ilukainivo	V	EV
corrupt	hotilvuho	V	EV	a deeper corruption, such as indoctrination
corruption	ilukainivi	N	I.
cotton	salav	N	C.
cough	lohoo	V	UEV
council	hetoni	N	I.
count	kihio	V	EV
country	oena	N	C.	When talking more about the land, rather than the institutions or politics (exception: geopolitics)
country	vunaman	N	I.
country bumpkin	nivimofi	N	C.	context and tone of voice determine whether the term is pejorative or not
county	uisifi	N	C.	A smaller collection of communities (usually nine or ten)
couple	liiki	N	I.
course	noiti	N	I.
court	mohomoon	N	C.
court	tuko	V	EV	requires no adpositions
courthouse	mohomoon	N	C.
cousin	nulunam	N	C.	Rarely used, only for disambiguation purposes, similar to for example the 'maternal' in English 'maternal grandmother'
cover	ikomo	V	EV	when covering is not done to hide anything or anyone, but e.g. for protective purposes
cover	ejota	N	C.
cover	ejoto	V	EV
cover tightly	fudo	V	EV
covfefe	jefdodo	N	I.	also used for other hot beverages, if the effect is similar
cow	senuuja a akaviki	N	C.
cowardice	tohodi	N	I.
cower	veso	V	UEV
crab	tefe	N	C.	see http://conworkshop.info/view_article.php?ns=880d69909bd1e58636ca9f07d17eca55 for details on sound changes
cradle	homo	V	EV
cradle	homivo	N	C.
craft	vamefa	N	C.
craft	vamoho	V	EV
crafting utensils	vamivo	N	C.
craftsman	vamo	N	C.
craftsmanship	vami	N	I.
crane	toha	N	C.
crash	atti	N	I.
crash	atteo	V	EV	Use with animate subjects in intransitive sentences implies them being a passenger of a vehicle that was crashed by someone or something else, i.e. a claim that the crash was not their fault. Sometimes therefore used to deflect responsibility or blame.
crater	tukivaad a hisetuvan	N	W.
crawl	felto	V	UEV	Moving slowly on hands and knees, by dragging the body along, or normally with frequent stops. Used for animals, insects, and wounded humans, but not babies.
craziness	fesuu	N	I.
creak	jiiko	V	UEV	referring to noise made by inanimate objects or otherworldly beings
creak	jiik	N	I.	referring to noise made by inanimate objects or otherworldly beings
cream	akaviki a afuva	N	C.	referring to the dairy product
cream cheese	dafute a musuu	N	C.
creaminess	suumi	N	I.
create	vuno	V	EV
create	olumo	V	EV	either something physical, that the speaker or the person talked about directly made on their own with their own skills (not let someone do for them), or some abstract/immaterial thing like a theory, story or language. Usually used for bigger / more important things like a house, rather than a simple recipe. (Using it anyway for those would seem pretentious, as if praising it as a culinary revolution) Implies, when not used with 'he' (now) to signify an ongoing process, a state of completion. Also often used for the doings and creations done by supernatural forces or beings, including deities, but usually excluding when talking about all-powerful gods of monotheistic religions (since a god like that is called 'vunam', 'vuno' is more appropriate and gives the right connotation)
create a black hole	hemovuhifo	V	EV
create a blob	duvo	V	UEV
create a void	nuuvo	V	EV
create drama	amdotiko	V	EV
create suspense	amdotiko	V	EV
creativity	olumi	N	I.
Creator	vunam	PPR
creature	datu	N	W.	for big creatures (especially those significantly bigger or more powerful than a human) Origin of the augmentative suffix 'at'
creature	sifeva	N	W.
creek	lufe	N	C.
creek	fofuuva	N	C.
creep	hojiiko	V	UEV
creep	felto	V	UEV	Moving slowly on hands and knees, by dragging the body along, or normally with frequent stops. Used for animals, insects, and wounded humans, but not babies.
cremation	unsi a tisohi	N	I.
crew	amafe	N	C.
crib	homivon	N	C.
cricket	siiahoone	N	W.
crime	amevoohu	N	I.
criminal	amevohumo	N	C.
cringe	desofenofi	N	C.
cringe	desofenofo	V	UEV
crispiness	naksi	N	I.
crisscross	teute	ADV
criteria	vuativo	N	I.	criteria for a decision
criteria	nuaiteva	N	I.	criteria for inclusion in a category
critter	fomkava	N	W.	small animals living in the undergrowth, like insects, worms, spiders, snails, rodents, small predators
cross	netuno	V	IT	When talking about crossing a river or anything else that separates two places.
cross	alvo	V	EV	e.g. to cross someone's path, or travel through a country
cross a border	netuno	V	IT
crossbow	elkelami	N	C.
crouch	jelo	V	UEV
crown	ovadova	N	C.	crown of a tree
crumble	altahadovo	V	EV
crumbling	altahadovi	N	I.
crunchiness	naksi	N	I.
crush	kummato	V	EV
crush	lumadoo	V	EV
cry	teluo	N	I.
cry	usolo	V	UEV
cry	tulohi	N	I.	for screeching cries
cry	teluofi	N	I.	soft, quieter crying
cry	usoli	N	I.
cry	teluo	V	UEV	louder crying
cry softly	teluofo	V	UEV
crystal	vatavuhi	N	C.
cube	lusa a kiif-iki	N	I.
cuddle	uvadat	N	C.
cuddle	uvadato	V	UEV
cultivate	juto	V	EV	originally meant 'make part of one's home', now used with a wider meaning. Used mostly when talking about the first time something is cultivated, not when talking about recurring/perennial/yearly cultivation.
cultivate	haado	V	EV	Recurring/perennial/yearly cultivation.
cultivation	haadi	N	I.
cultivation	jutai	N	I.	Used mostly when talking about the first time something is cultivated, not when talking about recurring/perennial/yearly cultivation.
culturally	jutihe	ADV
culture	juti	N	I.
cup	late	N	C.
cup	utuka	N	C.	especially those made from coconuts
cupcake	kamkeik	N	C.
cupful	uisa	N	C.	used as a measurement, similar to 'cups' in English, can also be translated as 'bowlful'
cure	nusaifo	V	EV
cure	nusaifi	N	I.
currency	hokehutivo	N	C.	used mostly for foreign currencies, as bills and coins are uncommon on Jute
curve	desi	N	I.
custom	hi	N	I.
customer	hemetamo	N	C.
customs	eveset	N	I.
customs station	evesetan	N	C.
cut	tof	N	C.
cut	kiova	N	C.
cut	kiovo	V	EV
cut off	tofo	V	EV
cut off	kiovoheo	V	EV
cuteness	uvadivi	N	I.
cyan	jehaadufi	N		Also used for greenish blues, turquoise, cyan etc. Light blue/green use 'white', very dark blue/green use 'black'.
cycle	ooni	N	I.
cycle	oono	V	UEV	referring to how the moon goes through a cycle about every month
cyclone	fivou	N	W.
dabbler	fuuma	N	C.
daily	vuhe	ADV
damage	dohufo	V	EV
damage	dohufa	N	I.
dampen	unosifo	V	EV
dampness	unosifi	N	I.
dance	tuko	V	UEV
dance	tuka	N	C.
dance step	tuki	N	I.	usually not referring to just a single dance step, but to some or all of the steps making up a dance
dancer	tukamo	N	C.	a professional dancer
danger	van	N	I.
dark colour	johi a haada alvuhi	N	I.
dark energy	amivi a ilvuhi	N	I.
dark flow	saa a ilvuhi	N	I.	Alternatively, some scientists prefer 'taha a ilvuhi' ('flow of darkness')
dark matter	vi a ilvuhi	N	I.
darken	ilvuho	V	EV
darken	jotavo	V	EV	some dialects would pronounce it 'jottavo'
darkness	fejota	N	I.	all-encompassing darkness (though not necessarily pitch-black darkness), like during a solar eclipse.
darkness	ejotava	N	I.	used to refer to the essence of shadows (lack of direct light, shadiness), for example the shadiness of places, or a not-totally-pitch-black darkness (that would be 'ilvuhi', 'unlight') that isn't all-encompassing ('fejota', 'eclipse')
darkness	ilvuhi	N	I.
darkness	ooniva	N	I.	semantically between 'ejotava' (shadiness, lack of direct light), and 'ilvuhi' (pitch-black darkness)
darling	nisaani	N	C.	Humble speech register, used here for intimacy and to express respectful adoration. 'Life-beach' [is] meant as 'you're as wonderful, relaxing and beautiful as the beach I want to spend my life on' Since the beach is the favorite place to be for many speakers of the language, comparing someone to it is a huge compliment.
darn!	faven	I
data	dekiva	N	I.
date	fumodio	V	EV	to go on romantic dates
date	fumodia	N	I.
date	fumodiamo	N	C.	referring to a person someone is dating or is going to date
date night	oone a fumodia	N	I.
dawn	vunuhi	N	I.
dawn	vunuho	V	UEV
day	vuha	N	I.
daydream	saihodo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'be daydreamed', 'be daydreamed to be' 'be daydreamed to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Semantically slightly different from the other meanings of 'saihodo' (imagine, envision), less neutral, used more for wishes or fears, but syntactically identical, so see the notes of 'saihodo' (imagine) for details.
daydream	saihodi	N	I.
deafness	motevivo	N	I.
death	ilvunini	N	I.	death in general
death	ilvunina	N	C.	a specific death of someone or something
death penalty	mohomovo na ilvuninide	N	I.
debt	ilhi	N
debtor	ilhimo	N	C.
decay	ilhaadi	N	I.
deceive	ijaino	V	EV
deception	ijaini	N	I.
decide	vuato	V	EV	'to decide for' is 'vuato ... nuhe'
decision	vuati	N	I.	'to reach a decision' would be translated with something literally meaning 'to put down a weight'
declaration	uivata	N	I.
declare a truce	movetafivo	V	EV	to broker, declare or call for a truce or ceasefire
decorate	vuhefo	V	EV
decoration	vuhefefa a ohaji	N	C.	garlands, festoons, anything bright and/or colorful
deed	amefa	N	I.
deep	uuvali	N	I.
deep	vasa	N	I.	also used e.g. to describe deep voices, echoes, wells but not for deep caves or similar (which would be 'vasa a haad' or 'vasa ude uuvalide a haad'). Holes can use either.
deeply	uuvale	ADV
defeat	lumoo dee	V	EV	usually referring to defeats achieved through physical might rather than skills or luck, with exceptions
defeat	tefoto	V	EV
defect	ilami	N	I.
defect	ilukivahi	N	I.
defence	hetevi	N	I.
defend against	tefetevo	V	EV	Used for successful defenses only. That which is defended gets preceded by 'nuhe' (for), that which is defeated by 'te'.
defender	hetevimo	N	C.
deflect	kunno	V	EV
degree	vanifiva	N	I.
deity	vunamat	N	I.
deity	fesua a vunam	N	I.
delet this	ILVUILVUNIT JI	I
delete	ilvunito	V	EV
deliciousness	sinamvi	N		'Oho hiisakeik sinnamvi, nisaani?’ Does the cheesecake have deliciousness, my dear? ('humble' register)
delight	sovi	N	I.
deliver	edovo	V	EV
deliver	nuino	V	EV	a child
delta	vei	N	C.
delude	ilhavano	V	EV	more properly 'delude someone into thinking/believing something', unless followed by a verb
demand	havetto	V	EV
demand	havetti	N	I.
demand	haava	N	I.
dematerialise	ilno	V	EV
democracy	vunamoeni a sainif	N	I.
democratisation	haadohi a vunamoeni a sainif	N	I.
demolish	kummato	V	EV
demon	fesuu	N	W.
demonstrate	masijo	V	EV	only referring to 'demonstrating' in the sense of showing, explaining or presenting
den	nanufi	N	W.
deny	ilhomanuko	V	EV
deny	allo	V	EV
depart	to at	V	UEV
depend on	juto	V	T	for anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas
depend on	oeno	V	EV	for persons and physical objects or their activities, not on anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas ('juto' would be used in those cases)
depending on	oene	ADP		for persons and physical objects or their activities, not on anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas ('jufe' would be used in those cases)
depending on	jufe	ADP		anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas
depict	vunojo	V	EV
depict	okiofo	V	EV	for artistic or technical depictions that require effort or skill
depose	ilvuato	V	EV
depression	netuuni a huveli	N	I.
depression	tukivu a haad	N	W.	naturally formed hollow depression in the ground, wood or rock that is of a larger size
deprive	kiovoheo	V	EV
depth	uuvali	N	I.
descend	tuuvo	V	UEV
descendant	todentia	N	C.	sometimes 'todentiamo' to differentiate from the meaning 'next thing' or 'that which is next', which is formed the same way
describe	nuudekano	V	EV
description	nuudekani	N	I.
desert	iko	V	EV
desert	nuuvun	N	W.
deserve	tehoko	V	EV
desire	tahividu	N	I.
desire	saimo midu ...	V	T	requires an object
desire	dololo	V	EV
desktop	hotifani	N	I.	virtual desktop of an operating system on a computer
despise	femelo nav	V	UEV
despite	heijea	C
despot	hotuvimo	N	C.
dessert	soasommu	N	C.
destination	tefa	N	C.	not for abstract destinations, for places in the physical sphere only (rarely for places in a supernatural sphere)
destroy	ilvunito	V	EV
destroy	ilno	V	EV
destroy	kummato	V	EV
destroyer	ilvunomo	N	C.	someone whose profession is destruction
destruction	ilvunit	N	I.
develop mould	mellovo hesso	V	UEV
device	vahi	N	C.
devil	ilvunimo	N	C.	Culturally, the existence of a devil was an unfamiliar concept for the most time and was only later introduced via missionaries from other nations, who equaled the devil to the suffering of death, dying and disease.
dew	aam	N	C.
dialetheism	ki a tahivahani a leke	N	I.
diamond	somuna	N	W.
diamond mine	velkenon ude somunade	N	C.
diaper	desofenafi	N	C.
dictator	hotuvimo	N	C.
dictatorship	hotuvimi	N	I.
dictionary	hotif a tahiva	N	C.
die	ilevoto ... nosaati	V	EV	In intransitive sentences, the indirect case suffix -ti of 'nosaati' is omitted, and the sentence would therefore read as 'someone/some people die/died' (lit. 'Breath was lost') Transitive ones, such as 'Ilevoto la nosaati', would translate as 'He/She/They died' (lit. 'He/She/They lost their breath') instead.
die	ilvunino	V	IT
die on the spot	ilvunino se jaman	V	EV	alternatively 'jumun' instead of 'jaman', when talking about something that happened in jungles or on the ocean
differ	ileho	V	IT	used with the preposition 'ude' (with)
difference	ilehi	N	I.	literally 'unlikeness'
differently	ilehe	ADV
difficulty	vuati	N	I.
dig	miko	V	EV
dig a hole	tuloho	V	EV
digest	fesoheo	V	EV
dignity	nukani	N	I.
diligence	ami	N	I.
dim	jotavo	V	EV	some dialects would pronounce it 'jottavo'
diminish	ilhaado	V	EV
diminutive	fi	AFF
diner	hemonifi	N	C.
dining room	hemon	N	C.
dining room	tunahemo	N	C.	any kind of room where you regularly eat meals
dinosaur	vakelaadat	N	W.
diplomacy	tahodeehi a nojinonaf	N	I.
direct	nojo	V	EV	Ergative. Used in the sense of 'directing someone or something (to something or someone)', not in the sense of 'to give orders'
direct	noito	V	IR	This meaning is ergative.
direct	tonaho	V	EV
directing	noji	N	I.
direction	noiti	N	I.	A chosen direction, like a set course.
direction	noji	N	I.
dirt	vikinivo	N	C.
dirtily	vikinive	ADV
dirtiness	vikini	N	I.
disagreement	ildekiodi	N	I.
disappear	jaso	V	UEV
disappear	iledo	V	UEV
disappear	ejaho	V	EV
disappearance	jasi	N	I.
disbelieve	ilhomanuko	V	EV
discard	eeovolo	V	EV
discover	edohio	V	EV
discovery	edoja	N	C.	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological discovery, and only when found by chance, not after a deliberate search
discovery	teka	N	C.	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological discovery, and when found after a deliberate search, not by chance
discovery	edohia	N	I.	especially of something never before seen, or not in a very long time
discrepancy	etohei	N	I.
discuss	saihasao	V	EV
discuss	tahoo ... dee	V	EV	The direct object is whatever is being discussed or negotiated.
discussion	tahodeehi	N	I.
disease	ilikimat	N	I.
disguise	ejoto	V	EV
disguise	ejota	N	C.
disgust	honea	N	I.
disgust	honeavo	V	EV
dish	feva	N	C.	referring to e.g. a plate, not a meal
dish	favefa	N	C.
disharmony	ilmohomo	N	I.
dishonour	ilukaino	V	EV
dishonourableness	ilukaini	N	I.
dishonourably	ilukaine	ADV
dislike	kilitio	V	EV
dismiss	tovoheo	V	EV
dismissal	ilvuati	N	I.
disorder	iliki	N	I.
disorderlily	ilike	ADV
dispense	nuo	V	EV
dispenser	nuatahava	N	C.	only for liquids
dispute	ilhomanuko	V	EV
distance	kilita	N	I.	from a distance - 'nav kilitade' (near a distance)
distance oneself	kilitiohe	V	UEV
distinctiveness	tai	N	I.
distinguish	kilitio	V	EV
distribute	hemeno	V	EV
distribution	hemeni	N	I.
distribution center	hemenin	N	C.
distrust	ildudimo	V	EV
disturb	ilikio	V	EV
disturbance	iliki	N	I.
disunite	altahadovo	V	EV
disuniting	altahadovi	N	I.
dive	jaso	V	IT
dive	jasi	N	I.
divide up	kiovo	V	EV
dna	hotajoti a ni	N	I.
do	amo	V	EV	perform also used to mean 'be busy with something', often followed by an infinite verb or direct object describing the situation. 'Amo hotio ta hotifiti' - 'I am busy writing a letter'
do forced labor	hotuvonito	V	IT	Referring to coerced work.
do horrible evil	ehevadato	V	UEV
do something hateful	ehevado	V	UEV
do something ugly	ehevado	V	UEV
dock	saivon	N	C.
doctor	nusaifomo	N	C.
document	hotif	N	C.
documentation	vunoja a asoi	N	I.	not used for observation of smaller things, animals or plants (where 'vunoja a hujota' would be used), but instead for documentaries on bigger places, things or events.
dog	nofa	N	C.
dog food	heme nuhe nofade	N	C.
dog house	nofan	N	C.
doll	sainitik	N	C.
domesticate	juto	V	EV	originally meant 'make part of one's home', now used with a wider meaning
domestication	jutai	N	I.	Used mostly when talking about the first time something is cultivated, not when talking about recurring/perennial/yearly cultivation.
donate	nuoko	V	UEV	'to donate something' would be 'nuoko ude' (donate with)
donate	nuuheo	V	EV
donkey	meekelen	N	C.
doom	nivandovi	N	I.
door	femmo	N	C.
doorhandle	soivo	N	C.
doorknob	ena a femmo	N	C.
double	donaleko	V	EV
double	donaleka	N	C.
doubt	saihasai	N	I.
doubt	saihasao	V	EV
down	tuuve	ADP
down	tuuve	ADV
downstream	natahoone	ADV
draft	okiofo	V	EV	e.g. a blueprint or a technical drawing
draft	okiofe	N	C.
dragon	vakelavan	N	W.
dragon catcher	dahomo a vakelavan	N	C.	Idiomatically also someone who achieves what seemed impossible, or manages to successfully complete a dangerous job, can be used as a compliment. Also appears in the idiom 'Nol ta/na/fan dahomol a vakelavan' ('I'm/You/You all are no dragoncatcher(s)'), when you want to call out underachievement.
draw	okiofo	V	EV	a blueprint, technical drawing or an artistic depiction of a concept or an event
draw up a report	ito tesohoviti	V	EV	In intransitive sentences, 'tesohoviti' would lose the 'ti' indirect case suffix.
dream	nioono	V	EV	Intransitive/patientive meaning: 'be dreamed about'
dream	niooni	N	I.	'No ta in nioonide a ilikide ido oone a jim.’ I had a strange dream that night. (Be 1S in.ABST dream of confusion-OBL at.DAN night of that.ABST)
dress	ejoto	V	EV
driftwood	umta	N	C.
drink	tahava	N	C.	also includes drinks that aren't water-based
drink	tahoonava	N	C.	water-based, or, by extension, water-like drinks
drink	tahoo	V	EV
drinking water	tahoonava	N	C.	drinking water
drip	savafo	V	EV
drive	tovo	V	M	This meaning is syntactically different from 'tovo' (to send, bring in, increase), belonging to the 'mixed' category of verbs. It is therefore only used in intransitive sentences, and there behaving like an unergative verb in sentences where the subject is human (or otherwise sapient and using human pronouns), translated as 'to drive' there but behaving like an ergative verb in intransitive sentences, when the subject is another living being or inanimate (using the animate pronouns or the inanimate ones), translated as 'being driven'.
drive out	vuheo	V	EV
driving under the influence	tovohi dee nisaifide a ilehi	N	I.
drool	foseo	V	UEV
drop	fuedo	V	EV
drop	tahavafi	N	C.
drop of water	savafi	N	C.
drop of water on a plant after rain when sunlight hits it	saavuhifi	N	C.
drought	kesatedona	N	I.
drown	sohusaavo	V	EV
drug	nusaifivo	N	C.	medical drugs only
drum	kemme	N	C.
drunk driving	tovohi tonte tahoohi (oos)	N	I.
drunkard	tahoosamo	N	C.
drunkenness	vohi	N	I.	originally poetic, but also used colloquially
drunkenness	tahoos	N	I.
dry	kesato	V	EV
drying	kesati	N	I.
dryness	kesate	N	I.
dual wielding	vii a leke	N	I.
duct	nuatahava	N	C.	for ducts or pipes that are only connected on one end and dispense water or some other liquid on the other one, e.g. for washing or drinking
dude	mafemo	N	C.
dugout	tivo a helkohi	N	C.	dugout canoes
dullness	ilkiova	N	I.	when referring to things like knifes etc.
dullness	heiti	N	I.
dumpling	setufi	N	C.	any kind of small and round baked good
dumpling	setufi a onkifi	N	C.
dumpling	setu ude nuide	N	C.	affectionate alternate term for ‘setufi a onkifi’
dumpsite	eeovolan	N	C.
dungeon	vasa a mihonon	N	C.	in a castle or similar
dungeon	vasa	N	W.	outside of castles or similar, as in e.g. fantasy novels or roleplay games like D&D
durability	ildesi	N	I.
during	udase	ADP		used to talk about actions or events that happened at the same time, not for periods of time or similar
during	dee	ADP		Usage notes: 1) spatial: 'beyond a place' (adposition) 2) spatial: 'at the other side of' (adposition) 3) spatial/abstract: missing something (adposition/adverb) 4) spatial: 'somewhere in or on a place to be traversed' (adposition/adverb) 5) temporal 'happening during the passing of a point in time' (adposition)
dusk	jotti	N	I.
dust	oenavafi	N	C.
dust cloud	keva a oenavafi	N	W.
duty	ami	N	I.
duty	eveset	N	I.
dwarf	hisetumo	N	C.
dwell	nuno	V	UEV
dweller	nunuu	N	W.	for wild beings, beasts etc. Anything animate, mostly those that are capable of moving.
dweller	nuna	N	C.	Anything and anyone animate, but mostly referring to those that are capable of moving. Wild beings can also be referred to as 'nunu'
dwelling	non	N	C.
e-mail	hotifaaho	V	EV	for writing, sending and receiving e-mails
e-mail	hotifaahi	N	I.
each	ufava	DET	W.
each	afava	DET	C.
each	efiva	DET	I.
eagerness	foi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'foi' (freedom, openness)
ear	madeka	N	C.
earlier	dote	ADV		standard indicator for past tense if the exact time is unknown
earlierness	dote	N	I.
earth	oenu	N	W.	The soil or earth in the jungle.
earth	oena	N	C.
earth	oenava	N	C.	Referring to some soil or earth, not soil or earth in general. Can also be used to talk about the material of which soil is made up.
Earth	savanhu	PPR
earth science	tonesani a oena	N	I.
earthquake	saauvu	N	W.
easily	uume	ADV
easiness	uum	N	I.
east	livunuhi	N	I.
eastward	livunuhe	ADV
eat	hemo	V	EV
eater	hemo	N	C.	Someone who eats for a living, or is known for always eating much, or when referring to what someone eats. (i.e. 'plant-eater': vegetarian)
eccentric	sainaimo	N	C.
eccentricity	sainahai	N	I.
eclipse	fejota	N	C.
eclipse	fejoto	V	EV
ecology	tonesani a nuhuhaadu	N	I.
economic freedom	jufinafa a tonija	N	I.
economic inequality	lumafa a ilmohomo	N	I.
economic liberalism	jufinafa a tonija	N	I.
economics	tonesani a aminif	N	I.
economy	aminif	N	I.	referring to the economy as made up by all the workplaces or businesses of a community or country, businesses in general or of a certain area and their economic standing, the economical "tools" or producer side Contrasted with 'jufinafa', which is the communal or national economy in its entirety, households and people taken together and their economic standing, the economical "house" or consumer side
economy	jufinafa	N	I.	the communal or national economy in its entirety, households and people taken together and their economic standing, the economical "house" or consumer side as opposed to 'aminif', which is the economy as made up by all the workplaces or businesses of a community or country, businesses in general and their economic standing, the economical "tools" or producer side
ecosystem	nuhuhaadu	N	W.	referring to land ecosystems, sea ecosystems are 'nuhuhaadu a saanu'
edge	kiovalvu	N	C.	usually referring to a sharp edge of something
edge	ota	N	C.	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar
edge	otu	N	W.	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar that is dangerous to approach because it has predatory animals or some other danger there
edify	olumo	V	EV
education	noitosani	N	I.
eel	aadu	N	C.
effect	amefa	N	I.	For intentioned effects mostly, or when blaming an effect, intentional or not, on someone, as e.g. expressed in exclamations like 'This is your work'
effect	mekonifi	N	I.	smaller additions to something, mostly for aesthetic or usability reasons, e.g. graphical effects in a program
effect	evohi	N	I.	particularly for unintentional effects, intentional ones would use 'amefa'
efficiency	hadoli	N	I.
egg	fiva	N	C.
egg white	saavafiva	N	C.
egg yolk	vuhafiva	N	C.
egoism	ikihi a saini	N	I.
eight	kiif-sema	NUM
elaborate	masijo	V	EV
elastic band	kanafi a dahohi	N	C.	also known as 'rubber band'
elbow	vatadena	N	C.
elder	vunamoena	N	C.
elder	nihamo	N	C.	usually a respectable title, not used much mockingly
electricity	lumokele	N	I.
electrocute	keleo	V	EV
electron	jesemek	N	I.
electronic dance music	tukokele	N	C.	literally translating to ‘dance sparks’, this genre is surprisingly popular on the island of Jute, along with hip-hop
element	va	N	C.
element	vi	N	I.
elephant	selal	N	W.
eleven	leke-kiivi iki	NUM
else	ilehe ji	C
elsewhere	etevehen	ADV
ember	voonifi	N	C.
embolden	nulumo	V	EV
embrace	uvado	V	EV
embrangle	kuselo	V	EV
emerald	suus	N	W.
emerge	ilaso	V	UEV
emergency	tehivaat	N	I.
emergency services	hokedi nuhe tehivaatede	N	I.
emergency services	hokedi a udimi a vui	N	I.	alternate term for 'hokedi nuhe tehivaatede'
emotion	di	N	I.
empathise	udo	V	EV	To empathise and feel compassion
empathise	tahadovo	V	EV	To empathise by relating to someone. Ergative meaning, in intransitive sentences it is 'receive empathy' or 'be empathized with'
empathy	udi	N	I.
emperor	asut	N	C.
emphasis	okiovi	N	I.
emphasise	okiovo	V	EV
empire	asutan	N	I.
employee	ama nuhe (sainiki)	N	C.
employer	saini a haohi a amohi a sainide a ilehi	N	C.
employment	amohi nuhe saini a ilehi	N	I.
empower	nulumo	V	EV
emptiness	nuuvu	N	I.
empty	nuuvo	V	EV
enable	hoko	V	IR	Can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'enable so. or sth. to do sth.') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be enabled to do sth.')
enchant	lumo ... na tesoamade	V	EV	magical enchanting, subject and any objects come before 'na tesoamade'
enchant	tisefo	V	EV	metaphorical enchanting, e.g. fascination
encircle	ufeno	V	EV	not encircle something with a pencil, but trap someone with obstacles, a group of people standing around or an army
encircle	efino	V	EV	drawing a circle with colors, lines, on some material or in digital environments
encompass	daho	V	T
encyclopaedia	hotif a nesani	N	C.
end	uvulvo	V	EV	end something by completing it, not interrupting or similar
end	ilvuno	V	EV
end	ilvuni	N	I.
end part	kiovilvu	N	C.
end tragically	utolo	V	EV	specifically: to meet an tragical end by becoming the victim of oppressive colonisators
endangered species	ilehu a ejahohi	N	W.
endeavour	nuhei	N	I.
endlessness	netili	N	I.
endure	nodeo	V	EV	tolerating something in your life, not living together with it (see 'nano' for that)
enemy	vettimo	N	C.
energise	nusaifo	V	EV
energy	amivi	N	I.	also used in the scientific sense, not just for 'I lack the energy to do this'
energy	nisaif	N	I.	Mostly used for humans or other animate beings (including plants and the like), sometimes also for inanimate forces of nature. Only rarely in the more general, scientific sense, where 'amivi' would be preferred.
energy weapon	vetafivo a tisoi	N	C.
engine	vailitivi	N	C.
engineering	tonesani a haadohi (a nonat)	N	I.	Together with 'a nonat' it means 'urban engineering'
enjoy	saihoko	V	EV	When used in intransitive sentences (lacking a direct object)
enlarge	haado	V	EV
enlightenment	tovivi	N	I.
enmesh	kuselo	V	EV
enough	le	ADV
enrage	vano	V	EV
enter	tino	V	EV	for nationstates, digital things and other abstract concepts
enter	tano	V	EV	since the more direct translation of 'tano' is 'to be taken in/to take in', in intransitive sentences, the subject is that which enters (or is 'being taken in' by e.g. the building), whereas in transitive sentences the subject is that which is being entered (or 'takes up' that which is entering)
enter	tuno	V	EV	for 'wild' or dangerous places
enterprise	amini	N	I.
enthuse	tisefo	V	EV
enthusiasm	saimohaa	N	I.
entireness	efi	N	I.
entity	vi	N	I.	unknown/unspecified thing
entropy	ilikiat	N	I.
entry	tani	N	I.
envelop	fudo	V	EV
environment	havan	N	W.
environmentalism	sahai a mohomo havandi	N	I.
envision	saihodo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'be envisioned', 'be envisioned to be' 'be envisioned to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Context, semantics and syntax determine which one gets used. See the notes of 'saihodo' (to imagine) for more details, as there are no meaningful differences in usage or syntax.
envy	vetohi	N	I.
envy	vettildeho	V	EV
enzyme	udimivo (a mat)	N	I.
epic	tahihaad	N	I.
episode	kiovi a vunoja	N	I.
epistemology	tonesani a tahivahani	N	I.
equality	nihi	N	I.
equally	nihe	ADV
equilateral triangle	hotisema a nihi	N	I.
equipment	vaivo	N	C.	general term
equipment	dovevivo	N	C.	for lumberjacks
erect	olumo	V	EV	see notes on 'olumo' (create), 'olumo' (institute) and 'olumo' (establish)
error	ilukivahi	N	I.
escape	netuno	V	IT	Only used for prisons or walled cities. The location being left behind is preceded by either a 'dee' (past) or 'eteve/etevi/etevu' (away from)
escape	to netunede dee	V	UEV	Originally referring to running away from a town where you were kept as a captive, but with a broader meaning now
escape	foho	V	UEV
especially	ovefe	ADV
essay	ivusa	N	I.
essence	nisaif	N	I.
establish	olumo	V	EV	for more general things, like constitution, social order, political system or metaphysical/religious view
establishment	juton	N	C.	More general than 'non', which refers more to settlements as in village/dwelling
eternity	kedoonifi	N	I.
euphony	tesohafe	N	I.
evade	deo	V	EV
evaporate	favohea	V	EV
even	udehu	ADV
even	uhu	ADV
even though	heijea	C
evening	tooni	N	I.
evenness	kelami	N	I.
event	asi	N	I.
eventually	hoilohe	ADV
ever	idate	ADV
every	ufava	DET	W.
every	efiva	DET	I.
every	afava	DET	C.
everything	efi	P	I.	referring to unknown / invisible objects, or for general statements.
everything	uf	P	W.	'Wilderness' gender variant, referring to things that can be found in a jungle or the deep ocean.
everything	af	P	C.	referring to known / visible objects (e. g. everything here, all food, was caught in the ocean), not a general statement
everywhere	ufahen	ADV	W.	used exclusively in 'wild places' for visible places surrounding the speaker, e. g. the jungle
everywhere	efina	ADV	I.	used to mean 'everywhere, not just here' Spelling variant: 'ifana', which is closer to 'ufana' (everywhere in the wilderness)
everywhere	ufana	ADV	W.	used to mean 'everywhere in the wilderness' to make general statements about places like the jungle, the ocean and so on
everywhere	afenav	ADV	C.	Used mostly to mean 'everywhere here', that is, only including the places near to the speaker
everywhere	afahen	ADV	C.	used exclusively for visible places surrounding the speaker
evil	tuved	N	I.
evildoer	tuveda	N	C.
evolution	ilehi a havan	N	I.
exactly	se	ADV
exactness	sei	N	I.
example	masijivo	N	I.
except for	mojile	ADP
exceptionality	nohefi	N	I.
exceptionally	nohefe	ADV
excess	oosa	N	C.
exchange	hokehut	N	I.
exchange	hokehuto	V	EV
excite	tisefo	V	EV
excluding	netie	ADP
excluding	mojile	ADP
excuse	dekiovo	V	EV
exercise	kilitohe	V	UEV	physical exercising, such as running, stretching etc.
exercise power	lumoo ... ove	V	EV	Refers to exercising power in an unjust, unjustified coercive way.
exhaustion	heitidi	N	I.
exist	no	V	UEV
existence	ni	N	I.
exit	foho	V	UEV
expand	kilito	V	EV
expect	sahasio	V	IR	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'to be expected', 'to be expected to be', 'to be expected to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Context, semantics and syntax determine which one gets used. Only one argument, no adverbs: 'Sahasio evohi' - (A result is expected) 'Sahasio tukohi' - (Dancing is expected [to take place]) 'Sahasio datu' - (A beast is expected to exist [somewhere]) Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is reported or that which reported it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Sahasio datu hen.' (A beast is expected here. / Some here expect a beast) 'Sahasio datu a heni.' (A beast is expected [by some] to be here.) 'Sahasio datu a van jumun' (A dangerous beast is expected to exist there. / There some expect a dangerous beast [to exist somewhere].) Example of a sentence with a gerund: 'Sahasio datu tine tukohi' - (A beast is expected to be dancing) 'Sahasio tukohi a datude' - (Dancing of a beast is expected to take place)
expect to be	saihodo	AUX	IR	This is a group of meanings used when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb, either in transitive or intransitive sentences. It includes 'be expected to be' (intransitive), 'be expected to be sth. (transitive), 'expect so. to be' (transitive) and 'expect so. to be something' (ditransitive) 'Saihodo no la hen inatife.' - (They are expected to be here soon. / They will probably be here soon.) 'Saihodo no la udimimo inatife.' - (They are expected to be friends soon. / They will probably be friends soon.) Similar to 'Sahasio la he inatife' (They are expected to be here soon) or 'Sahasio la udimimo inatife' (They are expected to be friends soon), however the 'to be expected' of 'sahasio' is more 'to take for granted', whereas the 'to be expected' of 'saihodo' is more 'to be imagined' 'Saihodo no ta he la hen inatife.' (I expect them to be here soon / I expect that they are here soon) 'Saihodo saavo ta he la mihononiti in vunuhi.' (I expect them to clean the house tomorrow. / I expect that they will clean the house tomorrow.)
expect to be able to do	sahasio	AUX	IR	This is a group of meanings used when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb, either in transitive or intransitive sentences. It includes 'be expected to be able to do' (intransitive), 'be expected to be able to do sth. (transitive), 'expect so. to be able to do' (transitive) and 'expect so. to be able to do something' (causative-like ditransitive) 'Sahasio mihinido la inatife.' - (They are expected to be able to sleep soon. / They will probably be able to sleep soon.) 'Sahasio saavo la saaniti in vunuhi.' (They are expected to be able to clean the beach tomorrow. / They will probably be able to clean the beach tomorrow.) 'Sahasio mihinido ta he la inatife.' (I expect them to be able to sleep soon / I expect that they are able to sleep soon) 'Sahasio saavo ta he la mihononiti in vunuhi.' (I expect them to be able to clean the house tomorrow. / I expect that they will be able to clean the house tomorrow.)
expect to do	saihodo	AUX	IR	This is a group of meanings used when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb, either in transitive or intransitive sentences. It includes 'be expected to do' (intransitive), 'be expected to do sth. (transitive), 'expect so. to do' (transitive) and 'expect so. to do something' (causative-like ditransitive) 'Saihodo mihinido la inatife.' - (They are expected to sleep soon. / They will probably sleep soon.) 'Saihodo saavo la saaniti in vunuhi.' (They are expected to clean the beach tomorrow. / They will probably clean the beach tomorrow.) 'Saihodo mihinido ta he la inatife.' (I expect them to sleep soon / I expect that they sleep soon) 'Saihodo saavo ta he la mihononiti in vunuhi.' (I expect them to clean the house tomorrow. / I expect that they will clean the house tomorrow.)
expect to have to do	sahono	AUX	IR	This is a group of meanings used when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb, either in transitive or intransitive sentences. It includes 'be expected to have to do' (intransitive), 'be expected to have to do sth. (transitive), 'expect so. to have to do' (transitive) and 'expect so. to have to do something' (causative-like ditransitive) 'Sahono mihinido la inatife.' - (They are expected to have to sleep soon. / They will probably have to sleep soon.) 'Sahono saavo la saaniti in vunuhi.' (They are expected to have to clean the beach tomorrow. / They will probably have to clean the beach tomorrow.) 'Sahono mihinido ta he la inatife.' (I expect them to have to sleep soon / I expect that they have to sleep soon) 'Sahono saavo ta he la mihononiti in vunuhi.' (I expect them to have to clean the house tomorrow. / I expect that they will have to clean the house tomorrow.)
expectedly	sahasie	ADV
expedition	havansotiit	N	I.	For scientific expeditions and for adventurous traveling in unexplored places.
expel	lutoheo	V	EV
experience	dono	V	EV
experience	donosani	N	I.	Refers to actions that expand one's (life) knowledge and/or skills, or that knowledge itself, not the experiencing of certain feelings or the like.
experience	doni	N	I.
experienced person	donosana	N	C.
expire	mellovo	V	EV
expiry	mellovi	N	I.
explain	dekiovo	V	EV	usually verbally, and especially (but not exclusively) for excuses
explain	masijo	V	EV	can also feature demonstrations, or be visual in some (other) way
explanation	masiji	N	I.
explode	tisolumo	V	EV
exploration	sondit	N	I.
explore	sondo	V	M	rarely 'sooto' in some dialects Unergative verb in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but ergative when the subject is inanimate. Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
explore	sondito	V	M	Large-scale, and/or systematic exploration or scouting. Unergative verb in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but ergative when the subject is inanimate. Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
explorer	sonda	N	C.
explosion	tisolumi	N	I.
export	vattiheo	V	EV
export	vattihea	N	I.
express	nuudeko	V	EV
expression	hedojai	N	I.
extend to	femo	V	EV	extend to something, not between (use 'daho at ... li' for that)
extend to	daho	V	IT	only used in intransitive sentences with 'at ... li' to mean 'to extend from ... to' 'Daho nonaf at netede li dovunede.’ The settlements extend from the coast to the jungle.
extent	femi	N	I.
extinguish	ilvuno	V	EV
extinguisher	ilvunivo a vanide	N	C.
eye	maja	N
eyelash	lojamaja	N	C.
eyelid	madaja	N	C.
fabric	desofenava	N	C.
fabric	dela	N	C.	especially for fabric that has not been cut or made into clothing yet, unworked fabric
face	dovo te	V	UEV
face	joafa	N	C.
face	teho	V	EV
fact	vi	N	I.
factory	aminat	N	C.
fail	illomo	V	UEV
fair	hemen a vuhat	N	C.	referring to a town/county fair or similar
faith	homanuki	N	I.
fake	ilhavani	N	I.
fall	tuuvi	N	I.	for amounts, numbers and other abstract things
fall	fuedo	V	IT	in intransitive sentences 'to fall', in transitive sentences 'to fell'
fall apart	altahadovo	V	EV
fall asleep	nuuheohe oonide	V	UEV
falling apart	altahadovi	N	I.
falsehood	iltavani	N	I.
fame	muldafohi	N	I.	fame from good deeds only
familiarise yourself with	fuumo	V	EV
family	jufi	N	C.
fan	fohoivo	N	C.	referring to e.g. a paper fan
fan	fohoo	V	EV
fanciness	hosoi	N	I.
fantasy	saihodi	N	I.
far away	ha	ADV
farm	haadon	N	C.	for bigger, less garden-like farms, that are mostly or exclusively horticultural ones.
farm	haado	V	EV	not for animals
farm	fefon	N
farm	netuadovanat	N	C.	For large garden-like farms, having flowers as well as some vegetable crops, bushes etc.
farm animal	amova	N	C.
farmer	haadomo	N	C.
farming machine	haadovaili	N	C.	(those that take over a manual job completely rather than serve as an aid)
farming tools	haadivo	N	C.
fascism	sahai a lumadoi	N	I.
fashion	toniata	N	I.
fasten	koto	V	EV
fat	afuva	N	C.
fate	ni	N	I.
father	nuino	V	EV
father	vunamo	V	EV
fatigue	heitidi	N	I.
fatness	afui	N	I.
favourite	saihoki	N	I.
fear	vandi	N	I.
fear	vando	V	EV
fearfully	vande	ADV
fearmonger	vomiso	V	EV	Intransitive meaning: 'to be subject of fear- or scaremongering'
fearmongering	vomisa	N	I.	full definition: 'causing of a mass panic through fear-mongering or irresponsible handling of delicate information'
feather	humatava	N	C.
feature	eeofula	N	I.
federalisation	tahadovi	N	I.
federation	vunaman a tahadovi	N	I.
fee	eveset	N	I.
feed	hemovo	V	EV
feel	do	V	EV	emotionally, or a moral sense
feel	hoojo	V	EV	physically
feel alone	diko	V	UEV
feel anguish	kolijo	V	EV
feel energised	nisaido	V	UEV
feel pain	holdo	V	IT
feeling	dihooji	N	I.	referring to the sense of touch
feeling	di	N	I.
feet	matta	N	C.
fell	fuedo	V	T
fell	kaato	V	EV	specifically for trees
fellow soldier	hetevimehi	N	C.	comrade in arms, brother in arms, fellow soldier, cobelligerent
female	sulja	N	C.	for animals only
feminism	ki a sehukumo	N	I.
fence	netunifi	N	C.	a fence that protects for example a field of crops, or a lone home in the wilderness or at the edge of it.
fenugreek	timito	N	C.
fertility	nuani	N	I.	both of the soil and of animals or humans
festoon	itikoma	N	C.
fetch	sundo	V	EV	of something which has a known location
fetch	teko	V	EV
fever	heitidat	N	I.
few	kiovufii	DET	W.	referring to only a couple (up to 3 with bigger items, 5-7 with average-sized items and roughly 10 with smaller items) wild/dangerous things, for example in a jungle
few	kiovifii	DET	C.,I.	referring to only a couple (up to 3 with bigger items, 5-7 with average-sized items and roughly 10 with smaller items) familiar, abstract and unknown/unknowable things, but not wild/dangerous ones
fibre	tumava	N	C.
field	muava	N	C.
field of flowers	saanu a ohaja	N	C.
fieriness	tisi	N	I.
15 625	evokihif	NUM		base-5 equivalent of a million rare alternate variant: evohuif, from 'evohi' + 'vuhifi'
fight	vettaf	N	I.
fight	tehomi	N	I.	refers to a fight, struggle or rebellion that can be more metaphorical, and is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
fight	vettafo	V	EV
fighter	hetevimo	N	C.	used for 'noble' fighters defending something, rather than pillaging wealth-seekers or anything similar
fighter	vettafamo	N	C.
fighter	tehomo	N	C.	not necessarily part of a military or militia, can also be more metaphorical, and supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
fighter	etimo	N	C.	Using 'etimo' implies disapproval of the rebellion or group of fighters, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
file	hotif	N	I.
file manager	hotifani	N	I.	virtual desktop of an operating system on a computer
fill	onko	V	EV
fill	onki	N	I.
fill	uldo	V	EV	referring to sealing or filling gaps, holes etc.
filled pastry	setu ude nuide	N	C.	affectionate alternate term for ‘setufi a onkifi’
filled pastry	setufi a onkifi	N	C.
filling	onki	N	I.
filling	onkifi	N	I.	referring to smaller servings or fillings
film reel	desofenivo a niooni	N	C.
filth	vikinivo	N	C.
fin	osem	N	C.	referring to the fin of a fish
finally	netuhe	ADV
finally	lilvune	ADV
finance	noitoti a lumo a aminif	N	I.
find	edojo	V	EV	come across by chance
find	edoja	N	C.	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological find, and only when found by chance, not after a deliberate search
find	teko	V	EV	after a deliberate search
find	teka	N	C.	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological find, and when found after a deliberate search, not by chance
find and accept one's place in the world	ninvo	V	UEV
finding	edoja	N	C.	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological finding, only when found by chance, and not after a deliberate search
finding	teka	N	C.	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological finding, and when found after a deliberate search, not by chance
fine sand	iivofi	N	C.	Mostly for fine beach sand, occasionally used for other kinds of dry fine sand, or even sand-like things/materials.
finely grated coconut	setava	N	C.
finger	manoja	N
fingernail	keus	N	C.
finish	lomoho	V	EV
finish building	hadeefo	V	EV
fire	vani	N	I.
fire	van	N	W.
firefighter	ilvunimo a vanide	N	C.
fireplace	dahevan	N	C.
firewood	tiseea	N	C.	can also refer to anything else that is burnable
first	li vuniti	ADV
first aid	udimi a vui	N	I.
first aid kit	udimivo a vui	N	C.
fish	fenoo	V	EV
fish	fenoi	N	C.	edible saltwater fish only
fish	tousaava	N	C.	any kind of fish, including those not eaten. Slightly poetic, but still commonly used in neutral speech.
fisher	fenoomo	N	C.
fisher	hememo	N	C.
fist	mana a lusa	N	C.
fit	saadi	N	I.	Only used for emotions and similar.
fit	onko	V	IT
fitness fan	kilitomo	N	C.
five	kiif	NUM
fix	ilamdo	V	EV
fix	ukkovo	V	EV	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
fix	ukeo	V	EV	referring to improving something that was good or at least in an acceptable state to begin with
fixate	koto	V	EV
flag	johi a vunojehi	N	I.
flame	tisa	N	C.
flammable object	tiseea	N	C.	anything that is flammable/burnable
flank	navo	V	EV
flash	liiko	V	UEV	not used for lightning, but e.g. for flashing lights
flash	fofeo liik	V	UEV	only used for the flashing of lightning
flash	liik	N	W.
flatbread	kelamafi	N	C.
flatness	kelami	N	I.
flavour	nemi	N	I.
flavour	nemivo	V	EV
flee	noheo	V	UEV	Takes the 'at' (locative from) preposition.
flesh	take	N	C.
flinch	desofenofi	N	C.
flinch	desofenofo	V	UEV
flint	vatakelea	N	C.
flipside	sivi	N	I.	as opposed to the front, including of abstract/immaterial things/ideas
flirt	tuko	V	EV	requires no adpositions
float	umto	V	EV	used in intransitive sentences
flood	ejosaavo	V	EV
flood	ejosaavat	N	W.	for large, disastrous floods
flood	ejosaava	N	C.
floodplain	eeves	N	C.
floor	uvata	N	C.	'uvatane' is a less common, more archaic version
floriculture	haadi a ohajamon	N	I.	can also be 'haadi a ohajamon' (cultivation of flower garden)
florist	ohajamo	N	C.
flour	nea	N	C.	especially coconut flour if not explicitly stated otherwise
flourish	oeedovo	V	UEV
flow	fofuuvo	V	UEV	for water or similar, on the ground or in a ditch
flow	taha	N	C.
flow	tahoo	V	UEV	for rivers or similar
flow rapidly	feuvo	V	UEV	referring to larger amounts, most commonly water, less often other liquids, even less often other things
flower	ohaja	N	C.	Not the part of a plant that blossoms, the plant itself.
flower	ulo	N	C.
flower garden	ohajamon	N	C.	for flower gardens
fluid	tahava	N	C.
flute	huusa	N	C.
fly	huuvafi	N	C.
fly	huto	V	UEV	alternative variant: 'sanuhuuto'
foam	doose	N	C.
focus	elkoo	V	EV
fog	jedu	N	C.
fold	desi	N	I.
fold	deso	V	EV
folder	itivo	N	C.
follow	todehento	V	EV
follow	tonto	V	EV	shortening of ‘todehento’
follow a hunch	dekimido	V	UEV	Synonymous with 'be kind, understanding' in Jutean, since altruism and kindness are seen as among the most important instincts necessary for survival. So 'to listen to your heart/instincts' is also understood as 'being understanding (of your heart as well as the one of other people)' and by extension as 'being kind'.
followed by	todentije	ADP		alternate, older and longer form: todentohije
following	todentije	ADV		alternate, older and longer form: todentohije
following	todentiji	N	I.
food	heme	N	C.
food allocation point	hemen	N	C.
food organiser	hememo	N	C.
food part	hemeva	N	C.
fool	ilnesanimo	N	C.
foot	matta	N
footpath	matton	N	C.
for	doti	ADP		used with periods of time
for	nuhe	C		used like ‘because’
for	hokedo	ADP		in exchange for
for	nuhe	ADP		benefactive
for	nuhe	ADP		because of
for example	masijive	ADV
for sure	se	ADV		Casual
for sure	ildese	ADV
for the purpose of	li	ADP
forage for herbs	diso	V	UEV
forb	mosel	N	C.	evergreen forbs or perennial non-woody flowering plants, such as banana plants
forbid	ilhoko	V	IR	in transitive sentences or in intransitive sentences with a subject that is not human (or otherwise sapient and using human pronouns)
force	lumoo	V	EV
force	lumo	N	I.
force	noito	V	IR	Used as an auxiliary in transitive causative sentences.
force of nature	lumovan	N	W.
forced labour	hotuvoniti	N	I.
forcefully	lumomate	ADV
forehead	vaka	N	C.
foreignness	sainahai	N	I.
foresight	johanni	N	I.
forest	oeedova	N	C.	used for calmer and/or more 'tamed' forests, not for the rainforests in jungles
forever	kedoonif	ADV
forget	tataimo	V	EV
forgive	mohomoo	V	EV
form	mati	N	I.
form	mato	V	EV
fort	netun	N	C.	any walled building, structure or complex
fort	mihonon a netun	N	C.
forward	te	ADV
foster	vuammo	V	EV
fosterer	vuammo	N	C.	For non-professional nurses or nannies that aren't hired, but instead do it to help someone, like a friend or family member.
fosterer	sehukumo	N	C.
found	juto	V	EV
foundation	oeni	N	I.	for abstract/immaterial/unknown things
foundation	oena	N	C.	for physically existing things, e.g. a house
fountain	sundoha	N	C.	e.g. a water fountain or spring, both constructed and natural ones
four	du	NUM
fragility	amdeei	N	I.
frame	nuamati	N	C.
framework	oeni	N	I.
freaking	vikinive	ADV		also used as an interjection
free	foo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative, 'to free so. or sth.' in transitive sentences, 'be freed' in intransitive sentences.
free day	vuhami	N	I.
free port	hokehuton	N	C.
free time	mihoni	N	I.
free will	saimohi a foi	N	I.
free-trade zone	hokehuton	N	C.
freedom	foi	N	I.	physical freedom, as for example the freedom to roam, or the lack of (metaphorical) chains that would prevent you from doing that
freeze	haadalfano	V	EV
frequency	anti	N	I.
freshen	lottuvo	V	EV
freshness	lottu	N	I.
friend	udimimo	N	C.	good friend = 'udimimo a haad' (literally 'a big friend')
friendship	udimimi	N	I.
frighten	vandovo	V	EV
frightening	vandovi	N	I.	the act of frightening someone or something or the quality of being frightening
frightening thing	vandovu	N	W.	something that is frightening
frolic	sevo	V	UEV
from	at	ADP		for locations, e.g. 'from somewhere'
from	a	ADP		When referring to the originator/possessor of a thing/idea/concept, such as in 'a gift from them'. Not in the sense of 'being made of something', as for example in 'a plane made from paper'. Neither when referring to a location, like 'I went from here to there'.
from	odu	ADP	W.	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
from	oda	ADP	C.	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
from	odi	ADP	I.	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
from ... on	une	ADP
front	jofi	N	I.
frontier	netu	N	W.	Historically, the wilderness (rainforest) was the natural border of the Jutean villages.
frown	kiovaho	V	UEV	in intransitive sentences only
fruit	kama	N	C.
fruit infusion	saavakama	N	C.	either cold or warm
fruit juice	tahakama	N	C.
fry	vanio ove menesade	V	EV
fuel	nuamivi	N	C.
fulfil	lo	V	IT
fulfil	lovo	V	EV
fulfilment	lomohi	N	I.	the fulfillment of a particular task or job
fulfilment	lovi a nide	N	I.	strong liking, something that you think fulfills or significantly improves your life
fulfilment	lovi	N	I.	especially used to talk about the fulfillment of the potential of someone or something
fulfilment	uvulvi	N	I.	the state or quality of being fulfilling
fullness	onki	N	I.
fully	onke	ADV
function	eehi	N	I.	function as in an action or activity contributing to a larger action e.g. of an organ or a body part also the ability to carry out that action
function	eeho	V	EV
fund	oeno	V	EV
fundament	oeni	N	I.
fundamentalism	kiat a oeni	N	I.
funny thing	mello	N	I.
fur	heso	V	EV
fur	valanka	N	C.
furniture	olumafi	N	C.	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
furthermore	mekohe	C
futility	vili	N	I.
future	doonati	N	I.	Variant: donaati, reflects the changed pronunciation in some dialects
gaiety	mello	N	I.
galaxy	sedame a vuhifi	N	W.
gall	enuu	N	C.	sometimes also called 'tahava a keake' or 'liquid of liver'
gallbladder	enuun	N	C.
game	iduhi	N	I.
game	maami	N	I.
gang	kahanu	N	W.
garden	netuadovan	N	C.	For the most common type of gardens, having flowers as well as some vegetable crops, bushes etc.
garden	netuadovo	V	EV
gardener	ohajamo	N	C.	for flower gardens
gardener	netuadova	N	C.	for gardens in general and vegetable/herb gardens in particular
garlic	vinke	N	C.	referring to the spice, not the plant
gas	huulu	N	W.	gaseous state of something that usually is not a gas
gasp	meto	V	UEV
gasp!	metto	I
gate	foat	N	C.
gatekeeper	foatamo	N	C.
gather	feo	V	EV	rarely used with sapient beings in intransitive sentences except in a metaphorical or poetical sense
gather	uiso	V	EV
gatherer	hememo	N	C.
gem	vatahaji	N	C.	some dialects might shorten this to 'vataaji' or 'vatooji'
generally	efife	ADV
generation	dotohaaf	N
generosity	saihonui	N	I.
geology	nesanifola	N	I.
germinate	luuso	V	UEV	'to sprout something' would be translated with 'matio' (to form)
get	teko	V	EV	fetch
get	sundo	V	EV	obtain of something which has a known location
get	evoto	V	EV	receive
get away with	noheo	V	EV
get back	evotilo	V	EV
get into	tino	V	EV	for nationstates, digital things and other abstract concepts
get lost	ejahohe	V	UEV
get rid of	tavuheo	V	EV	when talking about things or persons that shouldn't be in the place the speaker is talking about, or that were or are being removed
get to know	fuumo	V	EV
get up	luso	V	UEV
geyser	sundohaat	N	W.
gg	aau	ABB
ghost	jiikamo	N	I.
giant	saumahaat	N	C.
gift	nui	N	I.	for abstract/immaterial gifts, like for example a good education. Anything you can't physically touch.
giganticness	haadat	N	I.
gill	tomva	N	C.	referring to the organ used to breathe by e.g. fish
ginger	usa a tisi	N	C.
give	nuo	V	EV
give a speech	tahio	V	UEV
give away	hokehuto ... nuhe	V	EV	that which is given or traded away or sold becomes the direct object, the trade partner or partners the indirect object preceded by 'nuhe' (benefactive for) or alternatively 'li' (to, towards)
give away	nuuheo	V	EV	not used when talking about giving away anything in a trade, but for those giveaways that don't involve any commercial activity or direct (quid pro quo) exchange
give away	hokedo	V	EV	for trades
give birth	vuno	V	EV
give birth	nuino	V	EV
give up	ilnuheo	V	EV
give up	sivio ... eteve	V	EV
give up	toho	V	EV
give way	hoko teheko	V	EV
give weight to	vuato li	V	EV
giver	nua	N	C.	usually referring to inanimate things, something that e.g. gives (or is supposed to give) you wealth, power (e.g. money) or similar. Can sometimes also be used for immaterial items (e.g. an idea as a 'giver' of hope). Mostly used in combination with another word explaining that which is being given, e.g. 'nua a lumo' ('giver of power/wealth)
giving	nui	N	I.
glacier	hesonka	N	W.
gladness	ilvuati	N	I.
glance	hujifi	N	I.
gland	nuatahava	N	C.
glass	dovauhi	N	C.
glasses	jivo	N	C.
gleam	unvo	V	UEV
gleam	hosoi	N	I.
gleam	hoso	V	UEV
glide	honovo	V	UEV
glimpse	hujifi	N	I.
glint	hoso	V	UEV
glitter	hosoi	N	I.
glitter	hoso	V	UEV
glitter	unvo	V	UEV
globalisation	savanhuohi	N	I.
globalise	savanhuo	V	EV
glory	ukainat	N	I.
glove	jeke	N	C.
glow	voono	V	EV	Not used for the sun, but for the moon and other astral bodies as well as other smaller light sources (like a torch or flashlight) that don't create light so bright it makes the night as bright as day.
glow	vooni	N	I.
glue	tahadovivo	N	C.
glue	tahadovo	V	EV
gnarl	vullo	V	UEV
gnaw	danko	V	EV
go	to	V	UEV
go along with	tono	V	EV	referring to people, ideas, methods
go away from	toho	V	EV
go back	toheno	V	M	unergative verb in sentences where the subject is human (or otherwise sapient and using human pronouns), but ergative when the subject is another living being or inanimate (using the animate pronouns or the inanimate ones) Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. 'to go back to' is 'toheno li'.
go back	ilto	V	UEV
go fast	himmino	V	UEV	to go as fast as a rocket (literally or metaphorically)
go out	tafenavo	V	UEV
go through	tono	V	EV	referring to both literal going through a landscape or place and periods of time or experiences
go through a red light	deo vuhiti a jevani	V	T
goal	tefi	N	I.	an objective
goal	sea	N	C.	designated place in some sports that e.g. a ball needs to land in
goal	sei	N	I.	scoring in some sports
goalkeeper	ofomo	N	C.
god	vunamat	N	C.
gold	voven	N	C.
good	uke	N	I.
good behaviour	uke	N	I.
good decision	vuatuki	N	I.
good person	vuhamo	N	C.	full definition: 'a person that spreads (metaphorically) spreads sunlight through good deeds, and/or is always in a bright mood in a way that is contagious'
good treatment	nuluhi	N	I.	good brotherly/sisterly/'siblingly' treatment, looking after someone
good wishes	hauki	N	I.
goodbye	joot	I		very informal, slang, sometimes with 'fa' (inclusive we) added at the end
goodbye	ohot ni uke	I		dated, but still used sometimes in very formal settings
goodbye	dekotut	I		Casual, often shortened to 'dekotut', sometimes with 'fa' (inclusive we) added at the end, used only on the phone
goodbye	ohot nahi	I		Part of the humble register, therefore somewhat formal. The full expression 'Ohot na he ehi' would be more formal.
goodness	uke	N	I.
govern	vunamoeno	V	EV	e.g. a community, town or country (i.e. no private or economic institutions such as a company)
government	vunamoeni	N	I.
governor	vunamoena	N	C.
grab	umo	V	EV
grain	sik	N	C.	mostly used for rice and corn, the more commonly used grains on Jute, other ones are called 'sikahai' ('grain of/from outside')
grain	sikahai	N	C.	for less common/well known grains on Jute, i.e. everything that isn't rice or corn
grammar	vaaki a tahivi	N	I.
granary	uisan	N	C.
grandchild	nuinanuina	N	C.
grandparent	vunavunam	N	C.
grant	nuo	V	EV
graph	hotiva	N	I.
grasp	fumefo	V	EV	referring to facts and topics or to situations and problems
grass	lua	N	C.
grate	seko	V	EV
grated food	seka	N	C.
grave	unsan	N	C.
gravedigger	unsanamo	N	C.
gravekeeper	vasomo a unsan	N	C.
gravel	vuatafi	N	C.	general term
gravel	seku	N	C.	for fine gravel only
gravel	sekuta	N	C.	Coarse/medium gravel, not fine gravel.
graveyard	unsanat	N	C.	can also be a place in water
gravity	lumemtoo	N	I.
greatness	hukea	N	I.
green	jehaadufi	N		Also used for greenish blues, turquoise, cyan etc. Light blue/green use 'white', very dark blue/green use 'black'.
greet	saimehao	V	EV
greeting	saimehai	N	I.
grin	jaafuko ... ehe hosoma	V	UEV
grin like a cheshire cat	jaafuko ... ehe hosoma	V	UEV
grind	neo	V	EV
ground	uuva	N	C.	any kind of ground, the bottom of something
ground	oena	N	C.	The ground outside, that is, the soil you walk on in a forest, for example.
ground	oeno	V	EV	When talking about the (static) foundation of something like a house or other building, rather than the cultural or similar foundation of something more abstract/immaterial, like a way of life.
group	kahana	N	C.	a group of people or animals
group	ite	N	I.	group of inanimate items
group bicycle	telafa	N	C.	e.g. a beercycle
grove	dovan	N	C.	used for calmer and/or more 'tamed' small forests, not for the rainforests in jungles
grove	dovun	N	W.	used for groves with wild, untouched or untamed trees
grow	haado	V	EV	farm plants or mushrooms, or generally let something become bigger
grow herbs	diso	V	UEV
grow stronger	haado lumoti	V	T
grow up	donosano	V	UEV	When used with subjunctive/future adverbs
growl	vullo	V	UEV
growth	tovivi	N	I.	for amounts, numbers and other abstract things
growth	haadu	N	W.	used for growth happening in the wilderness, especially rainforests, and for overgrowing of previously cultivated or bare places.
growth	haadi	N	I.
guard	netumo	N	C.
guard	netumoo	V	EV
guardedness	havandi	N	I.	A guardedness that can be full of anxiety and/or fear, as for example what you can feel in a jungle where everything might be trying to kill you
guardedness	havandifi	N	I.	less anxious, 'calmer' guardedness
guess	nuheo saiho	V	EV
guide	tonaho	V	EV
guild	niokkin	N	C.
gulf	uldat	N	W.	referring to large bays
gun	senil	N	C.
gunboat	kiovasaat a senil	N	C.
gunpowder	senilvi	N	C.
gush	feuvo	V	UEV	referring to larger amounts, most commonly water, less often other liquids, even less often other things
gut feeling	sainudi	N	I.
guts	oeka	N	C.
habit	hi	N	I.	For conscious, deliberate habits, not the ones that could be described with 'something that someone can't help but do'
habit	anti	N	I.	All habits, including the undesirable and/or unconscious ones.
habitat	nanu	N	W.
habitually	anti	ADV
habitually do	asejo	V	EV	to habitually do something for the purpose of practicing
habitually do	amotilo	V	EV
hair	loja	N	C.
half	valeke	N	I.
hallucination	ilhavani a saini	N	I.
halo	vuhatofa	N	C.
halve	valeko	V	EV
hamlet	fefon	N
hammer	kuumivo	N	C.
hammer	kummo	V	EV
hammock	mason	N	C.
hand	mana	N	C.
hand over	nokeko	V	EV	in ceremonies etc.
handful	mane	N		referring in particular to quantity, or used with uncountable nouns like 'substance'
handiwork	olumafi	N	C.	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
handle	femmo	N	C.	for door handles
handle	soivo	N	C.
handle	mano	V	EV
handlebar	soivo	N	C.
handloom	delon	N	C.	e.g. a warp-weighted loom, or other simple looms
hang	okio ado	V	T	the preposition 'ado' is only used with nouns that have the common gender, for immaterial/abstract 'ido' is used, for the wilderness gender 'udo'
hang around	uhaso	V	UEV
hang up	nuuheo sinivoti	V	T
happen	asijo	V	UEV
happening	aseji	N	I.
happily	aninde	ADV
happiness	anindi	N	I.
happy person	vuhamo	N	C.	full definition: 'a person that spreads (metaphorically) spreads sunlight through good deeds, and/or is always in a bright mood in a way that is contagious'
harbour	saava a nonat	ABB	C.	for ships
hardly	ilanti	ADV
hardly ever	ilanti	ADV
hardness	lumo	N	I.	referring to the stiffness of e.g. a material, not necessarily the difficulty of a task or similar
harm	doohu	N	I.
harm	doohuvo	V	EV
harmlessness	vanal	N	I.
harmoniousness	mohomi	N	I.	'harmony' in a more religious or holy sense
harmonise	mohomoo	V	EV
harmony	tesohafe	N	I.	musical harmony
harmony	mohomo	N	I.	interpersonal and other non-musical harmony
harrow	feivo	N	C.
harshness	kiova	N	I.
harvest	fefo	V	EV
harvest	uisa	N	C.	used mostly for gathered and foraged food, not limited to mushrooms but also including e.g. fruit, nuts etc., anything not farmed on fields or in gardens
hat	tofajota	N	C.	rare variant: ejotofa
hate	vettido	V	EV
hate	vettidi	N	I.
hate	vetti	N	I.	when used synonymously with 'violence' and/or when it is the motive/cause for violence
hate	vetto	V	EV	more used for hating that also manifests in some kind of violence
haunt	hojiiko	V	UEV
haunt	vano	V	EV	the direct object can be a place, animal or person
have	oho	V	UEV	Only used sometimes when the 'humble/respectful' register would be appropriate, not used in normal speech.
have a gut feeling	saino	V	UEV
have an anger problem	tententeno	V	UEV
have space	daho	V	IT	used in intransitive sentences 'Daho ta an tan.' I have enough/a lot of room in my home
have to expect	teho	V	EV
hawking radiation	tisoi a hemovuhifi	N	I.
haze	sevene	N	C.
hazelnut	miisuu	N	C.	sometimes called 'uala a miisuu', 'nut of miícu', but is often omitted
it	ehi	P	I.	Abstract 'it'
he/she/they (sg.)	la	P		For sapient beings
it	aha	P	C.	Common 'it'
it	uvu	P		for animate beings other than humans or other sapient living beings, such as animals or plants
it	ohu	P	W.	Wilderness 'it'
head	toofa	N	C.
heal	ukkovo	V	EV	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
heal	nusaifo	V	EV	to cure, give health
healer	nusaifomo	N	C.
health	nisaif	N	I.
health	uke	N	I.	referring to good health
healthiness	nisaidi	N	I.
hear	deko	V	EV	rare variant: 'eko'
hearing	deki	N	I.
heart	midu	N	C.
heart attack	ilami a midu	N	I.
heat	vani	N	I.
heat	vanio	V	EV
heater	vailivani	N	C.	alternatively 'vanitunvaili', if it's necessary to be more precise, with 'tun' meaning 'room'.
heating	vanihi	N	I.
heaven	saanuhi	N	I.
heaviness	vuati	N	I.
heed	dekiodo ude	V	EV
heel	lumat	N	C.
height	dovi	N	I.
heir	todentia	N	C.	sometimes 'todentiamo' to differentiate from the meaning 'next thing' or 'that which is next', which is formed the same way
hell	ilvunimon	N	I.	see notes for 'ilvunimo' (devil)
hello	nojanuke	I
hello	hajua	I		Sitti Jutean, slang
hello	noe	I		less informal than 'vai' (hey), largely neutral between people of the same or similar age, but still markedly informal between people of very different age
hello	nonuko	I
help	udimo	V	EV	The persons, beings or things being helped are the direct object, the activities or things that the help is supporting are usually the oblique object (unless a non-default trigger is used)
help	udimi	N	I.
helper	udima	N	C.	Slang
helper	udimimo	N	C.
helpfulness	sehuki	N	I.
hence	ivusaie	C
herb	dise	N	C.	edible weeds or herbs only
herb garden	dison	N	C.	any place where edible herbs or weeds are found or grown
herbal tea	saavadise	N	C.
herbalist	disemo	N	C.
herbalist store	disemo	N	C.
herbivore	hemaadova	N	C.
herd	jufu	N	W.	for wild animals only
here	lihen	ADV		towards here, hither
here	heni	N	I.
here	hen	ADV
here and now	henuhe	ADV
hero	ukainimo	N	C.
hesitate	sahaamo	V	EV	Meaning when used in intransitive sentences.
hexagon	ovi a kiif-iki	N	I.
hey	dekki	I		Sitti Jutean
hey	dek	I		Very casual, used in messaging or by young people.
hey	vai	I		Casual
hi	meme	I		Casual
hidden agenda	miki	N	I.
hidden art	vamejoti	N	I.
hide	jotavo	V	EV	some dialects would pronounce it 'jottavo'
hideout	ejota	N	C.
high priest	vamejotimo	N	C.
high-rise	dovi a mihonohi	N	C.	a tall building with many apartments in it, not an office block or a smaller apartment building
highness	hisetu	N	I.	referring to height, not nobility
hike	havansoti	N	I.
hill	setu	N	C.
himself/herself/themselves/itself	lala	P		third person singular emphatic pronoun
hint	vunoji	N	I.
hip	unda	N	C.	referring to the body part
hipster	sainaimo	N	C.
hiss	fiifo	V	UEV
history	tahif	N	I.
hit	vetta	N	I.
hit	seo	V	EV	a target in sports or similar
hit	hevo	V	EV	to punch
hit	sei	N	I.
hit	vetto	V	EV
hither	lihen	ADV
hobbit	saumifi	N	C.
hoe	oenavivo	N	C.	referring to the farming tool that is used to create rows in a field
hold	asijo	V	UEV	to hold an event, especially an event that isn’t recurring or regularly happen at e.g. the same time of the year. Subject can also include people that are not actually involved in the organization of it, but part of the group or community that is holding the event. See 'asijovo' for verb referring to the actual work of setting it up and running it.
hold	soo	V	EV	to hold an object
hold	ho	V	EV	referring to holding a celebration, rite, etc., that is, to practices and events that are regular and recurring
hold back	soheno	V	EV
hold on to	homano	V	EV
hold someone accountable	amivoo	V	EV
hole	tuloho	V	EV	'Tuloho fofesaava taniti.' Rain created holes in [the roof of] my home. (add_hole rain 1S.home-IDR)
hole	tukivu a haad	N	W.	naturally formed hole or hollow depression in the ground, wood or rock that is of a larger size
hole	tuloha	N	C.
hole	fusu	N	W.	large hole in the ground in the wilderness
holiday	vuhatasi	N	I.	a holiday commemorating a specific event
holiday	vuhat	N	I.
holiness	mohomi	N	I.
hollowness	tulu	N	I.
home	tane	ADV		for dynamic verbs, e.g. 'to go home'. Word changes depending on whose home is being talked about, with the first syllable 'ta' ('I') being replaced by the appropriate pronoun, e.g. to 'nane' (your [sg.]home), 'lane' (their [sg.] home] or 'fane' (our [incl.] home)
home	tan	N		Word changes depending on whose home is being talked about, with the 'ta' ('I') personal pronoun being changed to the appropriate one. The variations are: Singular: 'tan' (my home), 'nan' (your home), 'lan' (their home), 'uvun' (animal's/plant's home) Plural: 'fanalne' ('our home', excluding a single person) 'fanafalne' ('our home', excluding several persons) 'fafalne' ('our home' excluding a group) 'nafen' ('your home'), 'lafen' ('their home') Collective: 'fan', or 'fana' ('home of us all'), 'fanne' ('your all's home') 'falne' ('home of them all') 'uvufen' (rare, 'home of all a plant/animal or the plants/animals)
home	jute	N	C.	Not a private home, noun referring to the home of the entire population.
homeland	vunaman	N	C.
honesty	meoduki	N	I.
honour	ukaini	N	I.
honour	ukaino	V	EV
hoodie	muuvit	N	C.
hope	huvo	V	UEV	Requires 'a' (of, about) or 'nuhe' (for) + oblique object, unless the object is 'ji' in the phrase 'huvo ta ji', meaning 'I'm hoping for this (=the following)'
hope	huvi	N	I.
hopefully	huve	ADV
hopelessly	huvel	ADV
hopelessness	huveli	N	I.
hormone	va a eehi	N	C.	'a mat' (of body) can be added to specify it as being bodily hormones and not another kind of functional substance
horn	haja	N	W.
horse	mike	N	C.
horticulture	haadi a netuadovan	N	I.	specifically referring to small-scale agriculture in a normal garden can also be 'haadi an netuadovanede' (agriculture in a garden)
hospital	mudason	N	C.
hostility	vetti	N	I.	when used synonymously with 'violence' and/or when it is the motive/cause for violence
hotel	dahon	N	C.
hour	vuhava	N	I.
house	noni	N	I.	Jutean families traditionally tended to live a lot in the same place and didn't move around much.
house	mihonon	N	C.
household	jufin	N	C.
housewall	mihoneta	N	C.
hover	honovo	V	UEV	Takes the preposition 'ove' (on top of, over, above)
hovercraft	kiovasaa a honovohi	N	C.
how	haatoni	P
how are you?	hajua	I		Sitti Jutean, slang
however	mojuhu	C
howl	suhuuvo	V	UEV
hug	uvado	V	EV
hug	uvada	N	C.
hug liking	uvadi	N	I.
hug need	teuvadi	N	I.
hum	asuuo	V	UEV	often pronounced [azu:]
human	sauma	N	C.
human right	hokonoeni	N	I.	broader term referring to any kind of basic right
human right	hokoni a sauma	N	I.
humidity	unosifi	N	I.
humility	ukainijat	N	I.
humour	melli	N	I.
humus	oenava	N	C.
hunger	muvee	N	C.
hunt	toovao	V	EV
hunt	toovai	N	I.
hunt down	ufeno	V	EV
hunter	toovaimo	N	C.
hurricane	fivou	N	W.
hurry up	vuo	V	UEV	To mean 'hurry up with something' the verb describing the process needs to follow 'vuo' directly instead of appearing in a preposition + gerund construction as an oblique object. E.g.: 'Eeo vuo haado na faliti he' (Now you are able to hurry up growing rice)
hurt	vetto	V	EV
hurtle	tuuvo vue	V	EV	used if the action is intentional
hurtle	tuuvo ilike	V	EV	used if the action is intentional
hurtle	tuuvo ilamive	V	EV	used if the action is unintentional or happening uncontrolled
husk	fudu	N	W.	the hard outer shell of some fruits such as coconuts
hydrodynamics	tonesani a saa	N	I.
hydrogen	vikide	N	I.
hyperspace	deevuhifin	N	I.	not referring to the mathematical concept, only to the one described in science-fiction
hypnosis	noituvali	N	I.
hypnotise	noito ... uuvale	V	EV	Ellipsis gets replaced by the subject and, where applicable, the object
hypnotist	noituvalimo	N	C.
hypothesis	haadoki	N	I.
hypothesise	haadoko	V	EV
I	ta	P
I	da	P		Casual, Sitti Jutean
I don't know	e	I		often accompanied by a shrug
ice	haadalfani	N	W.
ice age	sililal	N	I.
idea	satoni	N	I.
ideal	juti	N	I.	a national ideal to aspire to, either a particular set of ethics, a way of living or some standard to be reached
ideally	jutihe	ADV
identifier	nojivi	N	I.	not physical labels, but identifying terms
identify	asosino	V	EV
ideology	kiat	N	I.	especially for ideologies that can encompass many or almost all parts of life, rather than only a specific part
ideology	ki	N	I.	especially for these that are more specific to a topic or similar, and are less of a 'way of life'
idiot	ilajohimo	I
idiot	ilajohimo	N	C.
idol	ukainimo	N	C.
if	sahane	C
ignorance	ilnesani	N	I.	Specifically, not knowing something, not being ignorant in general.
ignorance	ilajeohi	N	I.	General ignorance, especially for those who think they know a lot, but are sorely mistaken, or for those who think that 'knowing things' is not as useful as a fist. The 'annoying' kind of ignorance, often defying attempts at correction/education.
ignore	deo	V	EV
illegally	ilhoke	ADV
illness	tuved	N	I.
illness	ilikimat	N	I.
illuminate	voono	V	EV	Not used for the sun, but for the moon and other astral bodies as well as other smaller light sources (like a torch or flashlight) that don't create light so bright it makes the night as bright as day.
illusion	ilhavani	N	I.
illustrate	vunojo	V	EV
illustration	nioona	N	C.
image	nioona	N	C.
image	johif	N	I.	for bright, colorful images, or when color is an important part of an image in some other way
imagination	saihodi	N	I.
imagine	saihodo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'be imagined', 'be imagined to be' 'be imagined to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Context, semantics and syntax determine which one gets used. Only one argument, no adverbs: 'Saihodo evohi.' - (A result is imagined.) 'Saihodo tukohi.' - (Dancing is imagined [to take place].) 'Saihodo datu.' - (A beast is imagined to exist [somewhere].) Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is reported or that which reported it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Saihodo datu hen.' (A beast is imagined [to exist] here. / Some here imagine a beast [to exist]) 'Saihodo datu a heni.' (A beast is imagined [by some] to be here.) 'Saihodo datu a van jumun' (A dangerous beast is imagined to exist there. / There some imagine a dangerous beast [to exist somewhere].) Example of a sentence with a gerund: 'Saihodo datu tine tukohi' - (A beast is imagined to be dancing) 'Saihodo tukohi a datude' - (Dancing of a beast is imagined to take place)
imagined thing	saihodi	N	I.
imitate	vavo	V	EV
immediate family	jufita	N	C.	'jufita' literally means 'my (immediate) family'. The 'ta' personal pronoun is acting as a suffix denoting relationship here and can be replaced by any other personal pronoun: 'jufina' (your [singular] (immediate) family), 'jufifa' (our (all) immediate family/families) etc.
immediate future tense	vue	ADV
immediately	vue	ADV
impale	tiko	V	EV
impale	tikaveto	V	EV	with a spear or arrow
imperfect marker	ilomohe	ADV		aspect particle
imperialism	sahai a hedoheohi	N	I.
implication	miki	N	I.
implode	fuedohe	V	UEV
imply	mikio	V	EV
import	vattitane	N	I.
import	vattitano	V	EV
importance	hiit	N	I.
impregnate	nuino	V	EV
impression	huji	N	I.
imprison	daho	V	T	only used in transitive sentences
imprison	netuno	V	EV
improve	ukeo	V	EV	referring to improving something that was good or at least in an acceptable state to begin with
improve	ukkovo	V	EV	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
in	an	ADP	C.
in	in	ADP	I.
in	un	ADP	W.	for 'wild' location such as a jungle, an ocean or anything else with the 'wilderness' gender
in an orderly fashion	kie	ADV
in fact	se	ADV
in front of	ajofane	ADP
in general	efife	ADV
in many places	kenone	ADV
in order to	li	ADP		followed by a gerund (verb + -hi)
in place of	ininve	ADP
in that case	inaseje	ADV
in the future	in doonati	ADV		no declination, since it's a fixed phrase, alternatively, 'ido' instead of 'in' can be used, but is rare.
in the future	dona	ADV		Archaic
in vain	hokedo ilvo	PHR
inability	ileehi	N	I.
incantation	lumo a tesoama	N	I.
incident	asi	N	I.
include	hedotano	V	EV	include e.g. an item, a plant or an animal, or invite in a person
including	ude hedotanohi a	ADP
incompatibility	etohei	N	I.
incorrectly	iltavane	ADV
incorrectness	iltavani	N	I.
increase	tovo	V	UEV
increase	tovivi	N	I.	mostly for amounts, numbers and other abstract things
increase rapidly	oeedovo	V	UEV
increasingly	tove	ADV
independent from	foije	ADP
independently	foije	ADV
individual	tonija	N	I.
indoctrinate	hotilvuho	V	EV
indulge	vikinivato	V	EV
indulgence	vikinivat	N	I.
industrialisation	loomivi	N	I.
industrialise	loomivo	V	EV
industriousness	ami	N	I.
industry	leemi	N	C.	referring only to modern, mechanized industry
infant	nuinafi	N	C.
infect	ijoto	V	IT	only in intransitive sentences, only with inanimate subjects
infect	ijotado	V	EV	used when the target is sapient and/or animate, with the illness or that with which the target is infected with a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
infect	ijotido	V	EV	used when the target (a thing or a place) of the infection (which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract. E.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time, as well anything unknown (including material things), such as an unknown place, with the illness or that with which the target is infected with a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
infection	ijoti	N	I.	Can be used e.g. with the verb 'nuo' (to give), 'evoto' (to receive) and 'ofo' (to catch, here involuntarily) 'nuo ijoti (a ...)’ = an infection is/was given (=something or someone caused an infection), an infection takes/took place, a transmission (of ...) takes/took place 'nuo ijotiti (a ...)’ = to give an infection, to infect, to transmit (e.g. an illness) 'evoto ijoti’ = an infection is/was received (=someone is/was infected), a transmission is/was received 'evoto ijotiti’ = to receive an transmission/infection, become infected 'ofo ijoti’ = an infection/transmission is/was caught 'ofo ijotiti’ = to catch an infection/transmission (unintentionally/unknowingly)
infer	sahono	V	IR	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'to be inferred', 'to be inferred to be', 'to be inferred to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Context, semantics and syntax determine which one gets used. With only one argument context or semantics disambiguate: 'Sahono evotiki' - (The solution is inferred) 'Sahono datu' - (A beast is inferred to exist) Adverbs can be used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is assumed or that which assumed it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Sahono datu hen' - (A beast is inferred to exist (by some people, somewhere) here / Here, a beast is inferred to exist [somewhere]) 'Sahono datu a heni' - (A beast is inferred to exist (by some people, somewhere) in this location) Example of a sentence with a gerund: 'Sahono datu tine tukohi' - (A beast is inferred to be dancing) 'Sahono tukohi a datude' - (Dancing of a beast is inferred to take place)
infer	ilejoto	V	EV
infiniteness	kedonifi	N	I.	Only used when talking about time.
influence	sehukovo	V	EV
influence	sehukovi	N	I.
inform	dekivo	V	EV
information	dekiva	N	I.
ingredient	hemeva	N	C.
inhale	temosao	V	EV
inhumation	unsi ude matede	N	I.	burials featuring the entire, uncremated body being buried in the ground
initiation	novi	N	I.
initiation rite	vamejoti	N	I.
inject	tuloho	V	EV
injure	vettefo	V	EV
injury	vettefa	N	C.
injustice	doohu	N	I.
ink	najasee	N	C.
inn	udimon	N	C.
insect	felta	N	C.
inside	nuhu	ADP	W.	Used with static verbs, and not for buildings
inside	naha	ADP	C.	Used with static verbs and not when talking about buildings.
inside	nadefa	ADV		Use when talking about buildings
inside	tune	ADP	W.	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tune). For wilderness-related things or places.
inside	tane	ADP	C.	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tane) For places/things that aren't buildings, are known, exist physically and aren't related to the wilderness.
inside	nadefa	ADP		Use with stative verbs, for example 'to stay inside' (hono ... nadefa) For buildings.
inside	tune	ADV	W.	for wilderness-related things or places
inside	nihe	ADP	I.	Used with static verbs.
inside	nadefi	N	I.	For buildings.
inside	tine	ADP	I.	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tine). For unknown places/things that aren't related to the wilderness and/or are abstract/immaterial
insomnia	mihinidoldi	N	I.
inspect	asato	V	EV
inspiration	olumiva	N	I.
inspiring nature sound	tesahuvu	N	W.	Full definition: 'the sound of a fresh breeze, the wild sea or birds that once again show you how beautiful life is and make you regain hope in a better future'
install	olumo	V	EV	not for computer programs or electronic devices, only for things like a political system, social order, or any other kind of system or institution in that system (like a government)
instance	aseji	N	I.
instance	doonava	N	I.	This time: ‘idoonava ji’ (from ‘ido doonava (a) ji’) Two times: ‘ido doonavade a leke’ Next time: ‘in doonava a todehentohi/ doonava todentije’ 'dooniva' and 'todentohije' are rare spelling variants.
instead	ininve	ADV
instead of	ininve	ADP
instinct	sainu	N	W.
instinct	haju	N	W.
institute	olumo	V	EV	for more general things, like a political system, social order, or any other kind of system or institution in that system (like a government)
institute	fuumon	N	C.
institution	mihonafiit	N	I.	institution in the sense of 'renowned, long established organization'
instruct	dekivo	V	EV
instruction	donosanohi	N	I.
instruction manual	hotif a donosanohi	N	C.
instructions	najaseli	N	I.	on a computer screen or similar
instructor	donosanimo	N	C.	referring to instructors giving practical knowledge, for a particular non-scholarly profession (craftmanship, other manual labor, guarding), for life, a journey or anything like that
insult	tahivani	N	I.
insult	tahivano	V	EV
insurance	nutahuki	N	I.
insure	nutahuko	V	EV
integrate	jutio	V	EV
integration	jutiohi	N	I.
intellect	hajee	N	I.
intelligence	hajeohi	N	I.
interest	kimko	N	I.	monetary interest
interest	saimohaa	N	I.
interfere	kesehohe	V	EV
interior	nadefi	N	I.
interior	hea	N	I.	referring to the interior (or backcountry) of a land or larger place
international union	mihonafi	N	I.
internet	tovahuuvan	N	I.
interpret	masijo	V	EV	explain or attempt to explain the meaning of e.g. stories, dreams etc.
interpretation	masiji	N	I.
interpreter	nuudekomo	N	C.	for languages
interrupt	ilvutio	V	EV
intimidation	haada	N	I.	used in some contexts when talking about a person or creature, sometimes also other things deemed intimidating due to their sheer size, such as a mountain. 'No nofa a ja a haada.’ That dog is intimidating. (Be dog of this.C of intimidation')
into	tane	ADP	C.	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tane). For places/things that aren't buildings, are known, exist physically and aren't related to the wilderness.
into	tine	ADP	I.	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go into' (to ... tine). For unknown places/things that aren't related to the wilderness and/or are abstract/immaterial
into	tune	ADP	W.	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tune). For wilderness-related things or places.
intoxicant	masivofi	N	C.	also includes e.g. an alcoholic beverage
intoxicate	masivofo	V	EV
intuition	haju	N	W.
intuitively	ude hajude	ADV
invade	vetafamoo	V	EV	more neutral than 'vetafamoo' (to invade)
invade	fuedoho	V	EV
invader	vettafamo	N	C.	A less 'noble' warrior fighting just for the sake of it or for wealth and/or prestige, often used for invaders.
invasion	vettafami	N	I.
invent	olumoho	V	EV
invention	olumoha	N	C.
investigate	ufeno	V	EV
invite	haedo	V	EV
involuntarily	eve	ADV		Used for the involitional resultative, i.e. changes that were possibly intentional, but not voluntary. Contrast with 'amefe' which is used for for the volitional resultative. 'Ileho ta hajefati eve.’ – I ended up having to change plans [e.g. because it started raining] 'Haado la ehe dovade eve (dote).’ – She ended up growing like a tree. (or simply: She is/was tall.)
involve	hedotano	V	EV
inward	linehe	ADV	I.
inward	linuhu	ADV	W.
inward	linaha	ADV	C.
iridescent light	vuhi a johi haad	N	I.
iron	sitiliva	N	C.
iron ore	eva a sitiliva	N	C.
irresponsible action	vomisa	N	I.	full definition: 'causing of a mass panic through fear-mongering or irresponsible handling of delicate information'
irreversibly	kilvune	ADV		Used for irreversible resultative, regardless of whether the changes was voluntary or not 'Ilvunito fesuu kilvune.’ – The demon ended up being destroyed irreversibly. (or: The demon has been destroyed forever.)
irrigate	noito tahoonavati li	V	T
irrigation	noiti a tahoonavade	N	I.
island	kuse	N	C.	particularly, but not exclusively, used to refer to larger islands
island	saaval	N	C.
isn't it?	emal	I
issue	haa	N	I.
it's over	deo efi	PHR
item	vi	N	I.	immaterial, abstract or unknown items, e.g. items on an agenda
jade	eseto	N	C.
jagged rock that tears up boats	vuatavan	N	W.
jam	unosi a kama	N	C.	referring to the fruit preserve
jar	uilivo	N	C.
jaw	oneka	N	C.
jealousy	netumiat	N	I.	jealousy as in overprotectiveness, especially in relationships
job	amini	N	I.	a particular job or occupation in a business etc.
job	ami	N	I.
jocularity	mello	N	I.
join	todehento	V	EV	especially used to talk about joining someone's journey, travels or similar
joint	tivi	N	C.
joke	mello	V	EV	intransitive meaning: 'be funny, a joke or a prank'
joke	melliva	N	I.
journey	letaf	N	I.
journey	letafo	V	UEV
judge	nuo ... vuatiti	V	EV
judge	mohomonamo	N	C.	judge at a juridical court
judgement	eehi a vuati	N	I.
juice	eevuhu	N	C.	Any kind of juice.
jump	ijotohe	V	UEV	the 'he' is omitted if the word is preceded by 'eeo' or 'hokono', if the jumping is involuntary or with beings or things that rely on something else for necessary movement (e.g. parasites, disease agents, spores or electricity, information, radio waves)
jump on	ijotado	V	EV	used with sapient and/or animate beings only, and anything being held at that time is referred to with an oblique object preceded by an 'ude' (with)
jungle	van	N	W.
jungle	oeedovu	N	W.
jungle noises	laamu	N	W.	especially animal sounds
juniper berry	ajandoo	N	C.
junk	eeovola	N	C.	Literally 'that which can't be used'
just	netie	ADV		only, nothing but
just	hedonite	ADV		just now, very recently
just	ikehe	ADV		only, solely
just now	hedonite	ADV
justice	vuatuki	N	I.
justness	vuatuki	N	I.
jute	jute	N	C.
Jute	jute	PPR
jute leaves	ilada	N	C.	referring to fried/sautéd jute leaves
jute leaves	kaseta	N	C.	uncooked ones
kaolinite	vatasoava	N	W.
kayak	akela	N	C.
keep	ho	V	EV
keep alive	honijo	V	EV
keep away	hetevo	V	EV
keep going	hoto	V	UEV
keep house	jufino	V	EV
keep sth. going	noito to	V	EV	e.g. a business or another organization, the phrase is similar to 'I make things go here' in English
keeping	hi	N	I.
kerchief	jodeku	N	C.	sometimes called 'ejotadeku' in older forms of the language
ketchup	voniu	N	C.
key	tinivo	N	C.
kick	lut	N	I.
kick	luto	V	EV
kick out	lutoheo	V	EV
kidnap	hedo	V	EV	when talking about children, animals under someone's care or humans in general.
kidney	semma	N	C.
kill	ilvunino	V	EV	requires an object, otherwise it means 'to die'
kill	kiovono	V	EV
kind	ilehi	N	I.	literally 'unlikeness'
kind of	tonije	ADV
kind of	ehe	ADV		Casual. Meaning 'kind of' as in 'more or less', or 'somewhat', rather than 'in a (certain/weird/unique) way', for which only 'tonije' would be used. Put at the end of a sentence, separated by a comma in writing.
kindergarten	udimuinan	N	C.
kindling	tisivo	N	C.
kindness	sehuki	N	I.
kindness	dekimidu	N	I.
king	vunam a efi a vunamanede	N	C.	Used mostly in translated stories, sometimes also when talking about the history of other nations, rarely if ever used for any present ruler (with exceptions). Sometimes the 'a efi' part is omitted.
king	hotuvimo	N	C.	Particularly for those kings ruling unjustly or those with no legitimized rule, sometimes used polemically for all
kingdom	hotuvimon	N	C.
kiss	susa	N	C.
kiss	suso	V	EV
kit	amivof	N	C.	a toolkit or similar
kit	mekohefa	N	C.	items collected for a specific purpose
kitchen	favon	N	C.	secondary meaning, especially used for smaller private kitchens
kitchen	tunafavo	N	C.	most commonly used, for all kinds of kitchens
kitchen	hemon	N	C.	Secondary meaning, sometimes used for (private) kitchens that also serve as dining rooms
kitten	nijauvafi	N	C.	alternate form: 'nijaufi' (equivalent to 'kitty')
kiwifruit	hesohama	N	C.
knead	mato	V	EV
knee	alve	N	C.
knife	kiovivo	N	C.
knock out	ilvuhivo	V	EV
knock out	ilvuho	V	EV
knot	kahana	N	C.
know	nesano	V	EV
know	muldo	V	EV
know how to	eeo	AUX	IR	Referring to generally being able to do something. Used as an auxiliary in both transitive (e.g. 'They generally know how to do it') and intransitive sentences (e.g. 'They generally know how to swim').
knowledge	nesani	N	I.
label	nojivi	N	I.	not physical labels, but identifying terms
labyrinth	netuadovan a iliki	N	C.
lace	sikulu	N	C.
lack	ilni	N	I.	'lack' as in 'absence', for example in 'notice the lack of sounds here'
lack	ilnio	V	EV	'lack' as in 'be absent', not 'be insufficient', so not implying any kind of need for that absence to be changed.
lack	loloi	N	I.	'lack' as in 'shortcoming', mostly, but not exclusively in amount, as in for example: 'We're experiencing a lack of skilled labor/important resources/etc.'
lack	lolo	V	UEV	'lack' as in 'not have enough, have insufficient of'.
lack of organisation	mahavi	N	I.	also referring to things like 'loose papers laying around on the floor, sign of too much bureaucracy'
lack time	loldoono	V	UEV
lacklustreness	loloi	N	I.	mostly, but not exclusively referring to amount
lament	usolo	V	UEV
lamentation	usoli	N	I.
lamp	vuhefefa	N	C.
lampshade	ova a vuhefefa	N	C.
land	saaval	N	C.	mostly reserved for islands
land	seo	V	EV
land	oena	N	C.
land	havan	N	C.	if the land is mostly wilderness, this can be used (for example with Jute)
land	net	N	C.	Coastal lands
land of	oee	AFF		denotes a bigger place on land than the -n/-an suffix, that is, more an area than a spot Spoken as two syllables, used as a prefix.
landfill	eeovolan	N	C.
language	tahivi	N	I.
lantern	vuhefefa	N	C.
lap	ooni	N	I.
laptop	lisenkaun a vattohi	N	C.	Sitti Jutean
laptop	vailidekiva a vattohi	N	C.
lard	afuva a musuu	N	C.	any kind of spreadable fat or fat-based spreads, often not counting butter
laser	kulmas	N	I.
last	netuhe	DET		after the noun it is giving a reference to, and referring to the final one only, not the most recent one
lastly	netuhe	ADV
late	in doniti oos	ADV
later	lione	ADV
laugh	veeho	V	EV	Intransitive meaning: be laughed at, be ridiculed.
laughter	veehi	N	I.
launch	novi	N	I.	Has the meaning of 'launch, initiation', not 'start, beginning' (which would be 'vuni') Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project or club.
launch	novo	V	EV	Has the meaning of 'launch, initiate', not 'create, make' (which would be 'vuno') Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project or organization, but not used for traditional things like a family.
lava	kue	N	W.
law	kiasaimake	N	I.
lawspeaker	nuudekomo a kiasaimake	N	C.	not in the context of Jute and any place with a similar political system, where the position of the lawspeaker is the highest/sole authority position and a lawspeaker is therefore called a 'vunamoena'
lawspeaker	vunamoena	N	C.	only in the context of Jute and any place with a similar political system, where the position of the lawspeaker is not the highest/sole authority position a lawspeaker is 'nuudekomo a kiasaimake'
lawyer	udimohomoo	N	C.
lay	maso	V	EV
lay down	maso	V	EV
lay eggs	fivo	V	EV
lay on top	masovo	V	EV
lay weight on	vuato li	V	EV
laziness	feetedi	N	I.
lazy person	amma	N	C.
lead	noito	V	IR	Leading someone, either in general, or to a location. This meaning is ergative.
leaf	dusa	N	W.	referring specifically to the thinner leaves of some trees like Dracaena
leaf	ikomu	N	W.	for leafs of jungle trees or other 'wild' plants
leaf	ikoma	N	C.	for trees and plant outside of the jungle or other 'wild' places
leaflet	najasela	N	C.
league	mihonafi	N	I.
lean	sehuko	V	EV	uses no preposition unlike the English equivalent 'lean over'or 'lean at'
learn	noitosano	V	EV	intransitive sentences only, for scholarly knowledge/formal education. 'Learn about' would be 'noitosano a' for more academic knowledge, or 'noitosano li' for skills.
learn about	fuumo	V	T	not used in this sense in intransitive sentences.
leather	meka	N	C.
leave	noheo	V	UEV	Takes the 'at' (locative from) preposition, e.g.: 'Noheof ta at anade a ja.' (We should leave this place.)
leave	toho	V	EV
leave ajar	fofeo	V	EV
leave somebody alone	iko	V	EV
lecture	ivusa	N	I.	Academic, not a reproof done by parents/other guardians.
left	udomi	N	I.
left	udome	ADV		As right is the dominant side for most people, the left can be seen as the 'supporting' side
left	udomi	N	I.
leftovers	oosa	N	C.
leg	solka	N	C.
legally	hoke	ADV
legend	tahi a ejoti	N	I.
length	kilita	N	I.	for spatial lengths only
lengthen	kilito	V	EV
less	usivu	DET
less	usivu	ADV
let	nuo	V	EV	'let' as in 'to give, grant, render possible', 'let' as in 'to consent to, to not obstruct' would be 'oso'
let	oso	AUX	IR	'Let' as in 'to consent to, to not obstruct'. 'Let' as in 'to give, grant, render possible' would be 'nuo' Used as an auxiliary, in both transitive (let so. do sth.) and intransitive (be able to do sth. unobstructed) sentences.
let power increase	nulumo	V	EV
letter	hotif	N	C.
levy	noito nuokeda	V	UEV	that which is taxed is preceded by a 'nuhe' (for) and takes the oblique case
liberal market economy	jufinafa a tonija	N	I.
liberalism	sahai a hokoni	N	I.
library	tunahotif	N	C.	either referring to a single room in a building or also a separate building
licence	foskajo	N	I.
license	foskajo	V	EV
lichen	ejotova	N	C.
lie	maso	V	EV	to recline
lie	nuo ... iltavaniti	V	EV	As with 'nuo tavaniti' (to tell the truth), a subject is not mandatory. If a subject is not stated, the sentence reads 'a/the lie is told', but the 'ti' indirect case marking suffix on ‘iltavani’ needs to be omitted in that case.
lie around	uhaso	V	UEV
lie down	maso tuuve	V	EV
life	sife	PPR	I.	'Life' on Earth in general, rather than a particular life or just human lives, either as an abstract entity as in 'Life, uh, finds a way' or when referring to all that which lives in the environment. Sometimes overlaps with 'ni', which can also be a general term, but usually either describes a particular life, human lives in general (especially in philosophical or psychological contexts), or that which distinguishes living beings from that which is inanimate.
life	ni	N	I.
life	sife	N	I.	'Life' on Earth in general, rather than a particular life or just human lives, either as an abstract entity as in 'Life, uh, finds a way' or when referring to all that which lives in the environment. Sometimes overlaps with 'ni', which can also be a general term, but usually either describes a particular life, human lives in general (especially in philosophical or psychological contexts), or that which distinguishes living beings from that which is inanimate.
life	nesatilaf	N	I.	Poetic. For most Juteans, memories aren't attached to a person, they are (a large part of) what makes up a person and their life. See also note at 'nesatilaf' (memory [ability])
life vest	umtivo	N	C.
life vest	umtivo a ejotamo	N	C.
lifeform	va	N	C.	in biology-related compounds (like 'nova' animal or 'haadova' plant) or when talking about similar topics only
lifeline	umti	N	I.
lifetime	nesatilaf	N	I.	For most Juteans, memories aren't attached to a person, they are (a large part of) what makes up a person and their life. See also note at 'nesatilaf' (memory [ability])
lift	ilvuato	V	EV
lift into air	kolo	V	EV	used for storms or similar, not for humans
ligament	kaana a vutamat	N	C.
light	tisefo	V	EV	a candle, torch etc.
light	vuhi	N	I.	used for both natural and artificial light
light colour	johi a haad avuhi	N	I.	johi a haad avuhi: a light, pale color johi a haada avuhi: a lighter (more whitish) color
light source	vuhefefa	N	C.
light wave	saavuhi	N	I.	Since talking about light waves isn't really common outside of scientific discussions, and since they (usually) can't directly be seen with the naked eye, the word has the immaterial/abstract gender, since it's like an abstract concept to most people.
lighten	vuhefo	V	EV	used for deliberate lightening done by animate beings
lighten	vuho	V	EV	only used with inanimate objects, and not with fire
lightening	vuhefi	N	I.
lighter	tisefa	N	C.	usually referring to something that is both on fire and used to light something else on fire, like a candle, a match, or burning tinder, or less commonly to something that causes sparks
lighthouse	van a tonahi	N	C.
lighting	vuhefefi	N	I.	refers to the ability of the lamps and other sources of 'artificial' light. If something is enlightened using natural light (for example, by pushing away the curtains), 'vuhefi' is used.
lightning	liik	N	W.
like	ehe	ADP		similar to
like	masijive	ADV		for example
like	saihoko	V	EV
likeness	ehei	N	I.
likewise	ehe	ADV
liking	lovi a nide	N	I.	strong liking, something that e.g. you think significantly improves your life
limit	soheno	V	EV	restrain
limit	netio	V	EV	limit a territory, mark a border
limit	neti	N	I.
limitedly	sohene	ADV		usually human-enforced limits or regulations
limitlessness	netili	N	I.
line	hoti	N	I.
line	hotio	V	EV
lineage	vunamaf	N	I.
linguistics	tonesani a tahivi	N	I.
link	tahadovivo	N	C.	Something that physically links something (animate or inanimate) or some animals/people together
link	tahadovivi	N	I.	A metaphorical or more immaterial link.
link	tahadovo	V	EV
lip	susivo	N	C.	Casual
lip	neda	N	C.
liquid	tahava	N	C.
list	ite	N	I.
listen	deko	V	IT
listener	deka	N	C.
literacy	eehi nuhe hotiohi	N	I.
literature	hotiomi	N	I.
little by little	ifi	ADV		also used as a diminutive suffix
live	no	V	UEV
live together	nano	V	UEV
liven up	vuhefo	V	EV
liver	keake	N	C.
living being	sifeva	N	W.
living together	nanoi	N	I.	In Jute, this is seen as being married unless it's more than two people, or the two people don't sleep with each other in the same bed.
lizard	nom	N	W.	larger lizards, saurians also get called the augmentative form 'nomat' sometimes
lizard	kavelu	N	W.	usually referring to smaller lizards or reptils
load	vatto	V	EV
load	onki	N	I.	alternatively, also referring to a part of a load in some cases
load	vatti	N	I.
load	onko	V	EV
loan	evotohi a lumo	N	I.
locality	dison	N	C.	any place where edible herbs or weeds are found or grown
localness	navi	N	I.
locals	navia	N	C.
lock	kunnivo	N	C.	something that prevents entry through e.g. a door, like a bolt or lock
lock	kunno	V	EV
lock down	kunno	V	EV
lock up	daho	V	T	used in transitive sentences only 'Daho fan nijauviti an mihononede eteve, haa?’ Did you lock up the cat in the house?
log in	hotiohe tine	V	UEV
log in	hotino	V	UEV	casual
log-in	hotiohi he tine	N	I.
logic	saildesi	N	I.
logo	nioona a sina	N	I.
loiter	uhaso	V	UEV
lol	veve	I
loneliness	ikoos	N	I.
long for	dololo	V	EV
look	aso	V	EV	Intransitive meaning: be looked at
look	joha	N	I.	the look of something, e.g. 'a good look'
look	hujoo	V	IT	'to look' as in 'They look good'
look at	aso	V	EV
look bigger	jaho	V	EV
look for	netumio	V	EV
look like	hedojao	V	UEV	like 'to be' this takes one or two nouns in the direct case, and no direct objects.
loom	delon	N	C.	e.g. a warp-weighted loom, or other simple looms
loom	hojiiko	V	UEV
loom	delonat	N	C.	wide loom that usually requires two weavers and a lot of room
lose	tefoeto	V	EV	only referring to cases where the speaker or the person being talked about was defeated, i.e. unless they defeated themselves, they can not be the subject of a transitive sentence with this verb.
lose	ejaho	V	EV	referring to something being lost under unknown circumstances or circumstances beyond one’s control, e.g. the sudden or gradual disappearance of something or someone
lose	ilevoto	V	EV	referring to something being lost under explainable circumstances or circumstances within one’s control
lose	tataimo	V	EV	to lose a memory or similar, or forget the location of something
lose consciousness	ilvuho	V	EV
lose consciousness	ilevoto nisaifiti a saini	V	UEV
loss	ejahi	N	I.
lot	viat	N	I.	a literal amount of many physical things, not used much in an immaterial/abstract sense like 'not a lot could be seen'
louderness	haada a lumo	N	I.
loudness	lumo	N	I.
louse	vafasi	N	C.
love	lovo niti	V	UEV	that which is liked much is the subject, the speaker or the person being referred to can be expressed with an 'a' + oblique object construction
love	diaadifo	V	EV
love	diaadif	N	I.
lovelessness	ilnadiadif	N	I.
lower respiratory tract	huun	N	C.
lowland	daavia	N	C.
lowness	daavi	N	I.	geographical lowness, referring to altitude
loyalty	udimit	N	I.
loyalty	lejavo	N	I.
luckiness	fulmohomi	N	I.
lumber	dovevo	N	C.
lumberjack	dovevomo	N	C.
luminescence	vooni	N	I.
lung	huun	N	C.	also referring to the surrounding parts of the lower respiratory tract
lung	ekas	N	C.	referring to the proper lungs, not e.g. the bronchi
lynx	kiseka	N	W.
macadamia	holva	N	C.
macaroni	sikulunea	N	C.
mace	seheji	N	C.
machine	vahi	N	C.
machinery	vahiva	N	C.
made of	ve	ADP
maelstrom	saanemtu	N	W.
magazine	najasela	N	C.
magic	ilmasiji	N	I.	impersonal magic, magic from supernatural entities
magic	vamejoti	N	I.	magic worked by humans
magical focus	vamejotiva	N	I.
magical instinct	vamejotiva	N	I.
magical practice	vamejotiva	N	I.
magician	vamejotimo	N	C.
magnet	vatasaam	N	C.
magnifying glass	vunojahivo	N	C.
mail	tova	N	C.
mail	lihoto	V	EV
mailman	hotonamo	N	C.
main part	midi	N	I.
mainland	oena a haada	N	C.
maintain	vaso	V	EV
maize	telsoo	N	C.
make	vuno	V	EV
make	noito	V	IR	Used as an auxiliary in transitive causative sentences.
make big	haado	V	EV
make dirty	vikino	V	EV
make important	hiido	V	EV
make music	tesaako	V	EV
make noise	laamo	V	M	unergative verb in sentences where the subject is animate, but ergative when the subject is inanimate With inanimate subjects the it is translated as 'to cause to make noise'. As with other 'mixed' verbs, this verb can not be used in transitive sentences.
make pottery	maiko	V	EV
make public	lihotafo	V	EV
make room	daho	V	T	used in transitive sentences 'Dahof na huuvati nuhe nunohi hadee.’ You should give (the/your) birds more space to live. 'Daho nodesaina he ta inatife.’ (My) partner will give me more space.
make slightly wet	unosifo	V	EV
make someone a companion	todehentemoo	V	EV
make someone be responsible	vuato ove	V	EV
make suffer	ilikimo	V	EV
make tea	kamo saavati	V	T	only for fruit infusions
making room	dahi	N	I.
malfunction	ilukivahi	N	I.
mammal	novalanka	N	C.
mammoth	tuhuja	N	W.
mana	vamejotiva	N	I.
manage	noito to	V	EV	the phrase is similar to 'I make things go here' in English
manage	lomoho	V	EV
management	noitoti	N	I.	more involved managing, often with a degree of micro-managing
management	noji	N	I.	for management that only creates or maintains a general framework, but does not micromanage much or at all
manager	noitotimo	N	C.
manger	hemivofi	N	C.
mango	toloka	N	C.
mangrove	safa	N	W.
mangrove forest	safan	N	W.
manner	hi	N	I.
manners	hi	N	I.
mantra	memotila	N	I.
many	haad	DET
map	vunojivo	N	C.
marble	mifasuu	N	C.
margarine	esaselu	N	C.
margarine	afuva a musuu	N	C.	any kind of spreadable fat or fat-based spreads, often not counting butter
marine animal	sanova	N	W.	Also includes smaller ones.
mark	efeni	N	I.	a sign or other kind of deliberate marking of something with colors, lines etc.
mark	efino	V	EV	with colors, lines, in digital environments, in the sense of 'mark my words' or similar
mark	feno	V	EV	e.g. a place with physical objects, like stone circles
market	hemen	N	C.	for markets that are exclusively or mostly offering food
market	hokedon	N	C.	any kind of market
market	hokehuton	N	C.	in trading centers, for example in free-trade zones at seaports
marketer	hemenamo	N
marking	efeni	N	I.	a sign or other kind of deliberate marking of something with colors, lines etc.
marriage	nanoi	N	I.	In Jute, marriage begins when two people move together and sleep with each other for the first time. There usually is a ceremony or celebration before that, but it's not strictly necessary.
marsh	vimel	N	W.	referring to cold or temperate wetland, not e.g. subtropical or tropical swamps or bogs
mash	sedame	N	C.	also used for some stews, porridge and other thick foods made in a pot
mash	sedamo	V	EV
masher	neivo	N	C.
masonry	tejesu	N	I.
mast	dahukuha	N	C.	sometimes shortened to 'daukuha'
master	hotuvimo	N	C.
match	tikavan	N	C.
mate	mafemo	N	C.
material	niva	N	I.	For physical material that can be formed or otherwise manipulated, for example to create new things
material	va	N	I.
materialism	ki a niva	N	I.
mathematics	tikki	N	I.	First counting and mathematical operations in Jute were done by laying sticks in orderly heaps and adding/taking away from them.
matter	vi	N	I.	For atomic and sub-atomic matter. Has the 'immaterial/abstract/unknown' gender because it's both still largely a mystery and a very abstract thing to imagine (despite it being physically existing)
matter	niva	N	I.	For visible matter, i. e. anything you don't need an electron microscope for or similar.
matter of importance	hiit	N	I.
mature	niho	V	UEV
maul	ijotado	V	EV
maybe	noke	ADV
mbignore	midikenovo	V	EV
mead	mudenkome	N	C.
meadow	tinulen	N	C.
meal	favefa	N	C.
mean	sino	V	T	Requires a transitive sentence (a direct object)
meaning	sini	N	I.
meaningfulness	sini	N	I.
meanwhile	hehe	ADV
meat	viholu	N	C.
mechanisation	vailohi	N	I.
mechanise	vailo	V	EV
media spokesperson	liotafavimo	N	C.
mediate	mohomoo	V	EV
medicine	nusaifi	N	C.	general, or an entire treatment or cure
medicine	nusaifivo	N	C.	a specific drug or other remedy
medicine	nusaifi	N	I.
meditate	moo	V	UEV
meditation	moi	N
meditation teacher	moomo	N	C.
meet	edojo	V	EV	to meet by chance
meet	fuumo	V	EV	to meet for the first time, to get to know
meet	joo	V	EV	for regular meetings, especially for groups, societies etc.
meet opposition	eto	V	UEV
meet resistance	eto	V	UEV
melancholy	linahohei	N	I.
melancholy	linahohei a altahadovi	N	I.	melancholy at how work put into something, friendships, communities are seemingly or actually slowly falling apart
melodiousness	tesohafe	N	I.
melody	todehenti	N	I.
melt	vanio	V	EV
melt away	felo	V	EV
melting	vanihi	N	I.
member	joomo	N	C.	of a society, party etc.
memory	nesatilaf	N	I.	Referring to the ability to remember something or the 'place'/part of your mind that stores/has your individual memories. For most Juteans, these aren't attached to a person, they are (a large part of) what makes up a person and their life. Losing your memories is particularly tragic, as it's seen as losing the 'consciousness' and what holds together the defining part of your soul (which is what makes you you, an unique person) and reduces it to a largely vegetative state. Therefore, nothing short of preserving life directly is seen as more important than helping someone regain their memory and sophisticated techniques/therapies have developed over time.
memory	nesatila	N	C.
memory loss	ilehi a nesatili	N	I.
mental illness	tuved a sainu	N	I.
mental strength	amivi	N	I.
mention	memo	V	IR	used with 'nuhe' before the person or people being addressed, and 'a' before the topic or the thing being mentioned. Can also take a direct object such as 'va' (here: part) or 'ji' abstract/immaterial form of 'this', the proximal demonstrative pronoun
menu	hedadon	N	I.
meow	nijau	N	C.
meow	nijauho	V	UEV
mercenary	vettafamo	N	C.	someone who fights for personal gains rather than any 'noble' causes or for the defense of their homeland.
merchandise	nejun	N	C.	particularly used by those involved with international trade and commerce, less by local shopowners etc.
merge	jaso	V	EV
message	tesohova	N	I.	an important message that is written, spoken, or uses some other kind of sound (like an alert or alarm)
message	deki	N	I.	a spoken message
message	tesohovo	V	EV	to speak a message or alert people with some other kind of sound
message	tovafi	N	I.	a written message
message	nuudeko	V	EV	to give a spoken message
messenger	tesohovamo	N	C.	'tesohovomo' is a variant, but has a stronger connotation of 'announcer'
messenger bag	onkaana	N	C.	referring to backpacks or any larger sealable bag that can be worn on the back or on the shoulder with the help of ropes or strips,
metal	sitiliva	N	C.
metallurgy	nesani a sitilivade	N	I.
metalwork	ami ude sitilivade	N	I.
metaphor	nuakaha	N	I.
metaphysics	sahai a vin	N	I.
meteor	fueda (a vuhifin)	N	I.
meteorology	tonesani a saanuhuu	N	I.
method	toni	N	I.
methodically	kie	ADV
metropolis	nonat a haadat	N	C.
microphone	vaililumo	N	C.
microscope	vujahivit	N	C.
microwave	vailivanifi	N	C.	sometimes shortened to 'vailivani'
middle	jeef	N	I.
midnight	nikoone	N	I.
midwife	udimuina	N	C.
might	lumamo	N	I.
military	hetevi	N	I.	used for a defending, 'noble' military, usually the one protecting the speaker's community
military	vettafamof	N	I.	Used to refer to the military of invading nations, who fight for wealth and/or prestige, not for defensive reasons or for any other 'noble' goal. Sometimes 'vettafami' (attack, assault, invasion) might be used instead.
military equipment	vetafivo	N	C.
milk	eevuhu	N	C.	Not for breast milk.
milk	akaviki	N	C.
milky sea	saanu a vooni	N	W.
mill	neo	V	EV
mill	kelumvaasa	N	C.
miller	kelumvaasamo	N	C.
mind	saini a tine	N	I.	when referring specifically to someone's mind or the mind in general as distinct from a person and their body
mind	saini	N	I.
mindscape	saani	N	I.
mine	velkeno	V	EV
mine	velkenon	N	C.
mineral	vata	N	C.	can be shortened to 'vat' in some dialects
mining	velkeni	N	I.
minute	vuhavafi	N	I.
miracle	ilhomanuki	N	I.
mirage	nankieesa	N	I.
misplace	tataimo	V	EV
miss	deo	V	EV	to not hit a target or goal (while shooting, in sports or abstract as e.g. in life)
miss	dololo	V	EV	to long for something or someone
mist	jedu	N	C.
mistake	iluki	N	I.
mistreat	dohuo	V	EV
mitochondria	tanematifi a lumo	N	C.
mix	sedamo	V	EV
mix	keseho	V	EV
mix in	keseho	V	EV
mixture	sedami	N	I.	if the mixture is a kind of blend of two or more things, forming a new thing where the ingredients are not (easily) distinguishable anymore, e.g. mashed potatoes with blended with other mashed vegetables, as opposed to a blend of herbs
mobile phone	sinivo	N	C.
modern times	donahohit	N	I.
modernity	hohit	N	I.
moistness	unosifi	N	I.
molecule	tahadovi a viva	N	I.
molecule	nivafi	N	I.
moment	doonifi	N	I.
monarchy	hotuvimon	N	I.
monk	moinamo	N	C.
monkey	sumke	N	W.	larger monkeys, apes
monkey	deletu	N	W.	smaller monkeys, lemurs etc.
monotheism	homanuki a vunam a iki	N	I.
monotony	tesohohi a ikihi	N	I.
monsoon	donale	N	W.
monster	datu	N	W.	Origin of the augmentative suffix 'at'
month	ooni	N	I.	referring to the cycle a moon goes through
moon	vuhataat	N	I.	Immaterial/abstract/unknown gender since it's in the sphere of the 'unknown', and the gender includes all generic or generally (rather) unknown or unfamiliar things that don't fall into the sphere of the 'wilderness' Rare variant: vuhatat.
moon	oone	N	I.	For moons that look similar to the moon of Earth. Immaterial/abstract/unknown gender since it's in the sphere of the 'unknown', and the gender includes all generic or generally (rather) unknown or unfamiliar things that don't fall into the sphere of the 'wilderness'
Moon	oone	PPR
moonlight	voone	N	I.
mora	nuakilita	N	I.
moral	ukaini	N
morality	nojivo a ukainide	N	I.
more	haade	ADV		also used as determiner, pronoun and noun
morning	vunuhi	N	I.
mortar	neivon	N	C.
mortar	va a haadefade a vuhata	N	C.
mosquito	dusova	N	W.
moss	nuusu	N	C.
most	haadate	ADV
most	haadat	DET
most	haadat	P
mother	vunamo	V	EV
motion	ti	N	I.
motivate	vusaifo	V	EV
mould	mellovi a hes	N	C.
mountain	hisetu	N	W.
mountain pass	tonetun	N	C.
mountain range	doavoa	N	W.
mourn	usolo	V	EV
mourning	usoli	N	I.
mouse	isii	N	C.	(retconned Tnaaq loan)
moustache	lusaneda	N	C.
mouth	memo	N	C.
move	teheko	V	EV
move	toho	V	EV	to move a home, workplace, a capital etc.
move	vuheo	V	EV	mostly for astral objects, sometimes for objects in space, rarely for those in the sky except for clouds
move out of the way	letevo	V	EV
movement	ki	N	I.	referring to social or political movements that are more about a single or couple topics, and less of an entire 'way of life'
movement	teheki	N	I.
movie	niooni	N	I.	'Joo ta niooniti a diaadifede dotovuha.’ I saw a romance movie yesterday.
much	haad	DET
much	haad	ADV
mud	tuom	N	C.
muddle	tuomo	V	EV	Both in the sense of 'confuse or mix up' and the sense of 'make muddy'
muddy	tuomo	V	EV	in the sense of 'to get mud on'
muddy	tuomo	V	EV	in the sense of 'make a mess of or create confusion' 'Nuheonuheol tuomohi a vade ude tikkide a hosoi!’ Don't try to muddy the issue with fancy mathematics!
muffin	hovatuki	N	C.	Sitti Jutean
muffin	hovanefafi a utuki	N	C.	often shortened to 'hova-utuki'
mug	kisataha	N	C.	carved mugs, e.g. made from wood
mug	late	N	C.
mumble	siviko	V	EV
murder	kiovono	V	EV
murder	kiovoni	N	I.
murderer	kiovonamo	N	C.
murkiness	lomni	N	C.	when used as an adjectival noun as in 'jedu a lomni' (murky fog, literally 'fog of murkiness')
muscle	takemat	N	C.
museum	fuumon	N	C.
mushroom	ujis	N	W.
music	tesaaka	N	C.
musing	sai	N	I.
must	teato	AUX	IR	rarely used
must have	teato	V	IR	in transitive sentences, but rarely used
muzzle	onekaat	N	C.	only used for larger ones, for example of bigger dogs or wild predator animals.
myself	tata	P		emphatic pronoun
mystery	ejoti	N	I.
myth	tahi a ejoti	N	I.
mythology	ejotif	N	I.
nail	hadoneta	N	C.
nail	siifa	N	C.
name	sino	V	EV
name	sina	N	C.
namely	se	ADV
naming	sini	N	I.
nanny	vuammo	N	C.	For non-professional nurses or nannies that aren't hired, but instead do it to help someone, like a friend or family member.
nanny	udimuina	N	C.
nap	telko	V	UEV
narration	tahimi	N	I.
narrative	deli	N	I.
narrow gap	tonetun	N	C.
narrow path	tonetun	N	C.
narrowly	ialme	ADV
narrowness	tonetuni	N	I.
nation	vunaman	N	I.	the land of a nation, often used to represent it
nation	nonafat	N	C.	The people or the community forming a nation, not the institution/state
nationalise	lihotafo	V	EV	intransitive meaning: 'be public (knowledge), be intended or owned by the public'
nationalism	sahai a vunaman	N	I.
native waters	saava	N	C.	Usually refers to the coastal waters of the original settlements of the Juteans (and then for that reason mostly only used with a construction clarifying that), but can also be extended to the native waters of other people, fish, ships etc. 'No fa an saava a me fa ma.’ We are in our native waters. ('our' not signifying ownership of the waters, but the relationship the speaker has with them)
natural disaster	tuved a havan	N	W.
natural order	mohomo	N	I.
naturally	havane	ADV		i.e. according to one's own nature, in a natural way
naturalness	havani	N	I.
nature	havan	N	W.	referring only to the wild nature existing on the world, like the jungle, the ocean and so on
navel	sot	N	C.
near	nav	ADP
nearly	letoe	ADV
nearness	navi	N	I.
nebula	kaneles	N	I.
neck	eku	N	C.
necklace	tadekufi	N	C.
need	teo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative, translated in transitive sentences as 'need sth. or so.', and 'be needed (to do)' in intransitive sentences. In intransitive sentences gerunds are, like with other syntactically similarly working words such as 'memo' or 'saiho', introduced by 'tine' (into, inside). It can also be used as auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'need (so.) to do sth.') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be needed to do' or 'need to do' depending on context).
need	tehi	N	I.	'need for' is translated as 'tehi li'
needle	dalkivo	N	C.	mostly referring to the needle used to sew things together
negate	allo	V	EV
negation	ali	N	I.
negotiate	tahoo ... dee	V	EV	The direct object is whatever is being discussed or negotiated.
negotiation	tahodeehi	N	I.
neighbour	navammo	N	C.
neoliberalism	sahai a hokoni u kivi usivu	N	I.	the ‘political philosophy of rights and less rules’ is a smaller political tendency on Jute as well
nerve	matafin	N	C.
nerve	kaanatake a hoojohi	N	C.
nervous system	matafinaf	N	C.
nervousness	sehukatidi	N	I.
nest	nanufi	N	W.
network	tahadovi	N	I.
neutron	kesomek	N	I.
never	idatel	ADV		when talking about the future, 'dotel' for a 'never' referring to the past
never	dotel	ADV
newness	hohi	N	I.
news	dekihohi	N	I.
newsletter	hotif a dekihohi	N	C.
newspaper	hotif a dekihohi	N	C.
next	todentii	N	I.
next	todentije	ADP		alternate, older and longer form: 'todentohije' Usually a postposition.
next	todentije	ADV		alternate, older and longer form: todentohije
next time	doonava a todehentije	ADV		spelling variants: 'doonava a todentije', ‘doonava todentohije’, ‘donava todent(o)ije’
next to	unde	ADP
nibling	nuinanulua	N	C.
niceness	uke	N	I.
night	ooniva	N	I.	when talking about nights in general, this is more commonly used
night	oone	N	I.
night sky	vuhifin	N	C.	referring to a sky that isn't cloudy, when stars are visible
nightmare	netuuni a oone	N	I.
nightstand	uilanav	N	C.
nine	kiif-du	NUM
ninety-nine	sema manhaadi u du-kiif du	NUM
nitrogen	vi a sujode	N	I.
no	Not al ji	I		Part of the humble or formal speech register.
no	alal	I		Neutral
no one	sainikil	P
nobility	netummo	N	C.	anyone living voluntarily in or behind walls or walled buildings
noise	laami	N	I.
noise at work	laama	N	C.
nomenclature	vaaki a sinide	N	I.
non-stop	ivute	ADV
none	ilaf	P	C.
none	ilefi	P	I.	also used as a general term, when referring to both common and abstract/immaterial things or when referring to nothing in particular
noodle	sikulunea	N	C.
noon	daa	N	I.
nor	emel	C
normalcy	ninvi	N	I.
north	dolen	N	I.
northward	lidaa	ADV
nose	ena	N	C.
nostril	foana	N	C.
not anymore	hehel	ADV
not have given in	ildeso	V	UEV
note	tesakava	N	C.
note	efino	V	EV	with colors, in digital environments, in the sense of 'mark my words' or similar
nothing	kiovel	P	C.	Used to refer to known, graspable things.
nothing	kiovihel	P	I.	referring to abstract and unknown things (that aren't wilderness-related)
nothing	kivuhel	P	W.	older variant 'kiovuhel' still is sometimes used, too
nothingness	nuuvu	N	I.
nothingness	kiovili	N	I.
notice	aso	V	EV
noun	nojivi	N	I.
nourish	nuvuhomo	V	EV
novel	tahihaad a hotiohi	N	C.
now	hei	N	I.
now	he	ADV
number	kihi	N	I.
number	kihi	N	I.
nurse	mudasonomo	N	C.	in a hospital
nurser	sehukumo	N	C.
nursery	udimuinan	N	C.
nurture	vunamo	V	EV	Used when talking about bringing up children
nurture	nuvuhomo	V	EV
nurturer	nuvuhomo	N	C.
nurturer	sehukumo	N	C.	Someone who raises children as their own.
nut	uala	N	C.	Tree nuts, not including peanuts or coconuts.
nut butter	unosi	N	C.	a spread used for sandwiches etc.
nutrition	nuvuhomi	N	I.
oak	vintu	N	W.
oar	jene	N	C.
oasis	saaval a nuuvun	N	C.
oat	ahet	N	C.
object	amanoha	N	C.
obligation	aminui	N	I.
obscure	ejoto	V	EV
observation	asoi	N	I.	Not used for observation of smaller things, animals or plants, but more for observations of bigger places or events.
observation	hujota	N	I.
observe	hujooto	V	EV
obsidian	vuhata a hisetuvan	N	W.
obsidian	vatahisetuvan	N	W.
obstacle	vutani	N	I.	figurative obstacle
obtain	hokehuto ... a	V	EV	obtain something from someone via trade, that which is obtained becomes the direct object, and the trade partner or partners are an indirect object preceded by 'a' (here: from)
obtain	edojo	V	EV	For things you found, usually by chance, in the outside world (that didn't already belong to someone), not for abstract things like ranks, titles, positions or similar things.
obtain	evoto	V	EV	For natural resources and other things obtained from nature.
obtain	sundo	V	EV	of something which has a known location
obviously	ehe vunojomo vuhi	PHR		Originally meant simply 'naturally', nowadays the use as idiom is more common. Separated with a comma from the sentence that follows the phrase. Often the agentive trigger marking -mo is omitted, as it's a fixed phrase with well-known meaning, which are known to lose bound morphemes in Jutean. Also can mean 'as is/will be plainly visible', or more frequently 'of course'.
occupation	amini	N	I.
occupy	hotuvo	V	EV
ocean	saanuahad	N	W.
ocean	saanuva	N	W.	water and everything in it (in the deeper sea)
ocean current	sau tune ... (saanuahad a)...	N	W.	instead of 'tune' (in, inside) 'sohuhe' (below) can also be used
ocean surface	saanuahad	N	W.
ocean water	sauva	N	W.	referring to ocean water, and only the water
ocean wave	sau	N	W.
oceanography	tonesani a saanuva	N	I.	not covering waves (see 'tonesani a saa' for that)
octopus	mekoimatta	N	W.
oddity	ilninvi	N	I.
oddness	ilninvi	N	I.
odour	doneni	N	I.
of	a	ADP
of course	hujote	ADV
of course	ehe vunojomo vuhi	PHR		Originally meant simply 'naturally', nowadays the use as idiom is more common. Separated with a comma from the sentence that follows the phrase. Often the agentive trigger marking -mo is omitted, as it's a fixed phrase with well-known meaning, which are known to lose bound morphemes in Jutean. Also can mean 'as is/will be plainly visible', sometimes also 'obviously'.
off	oove	ADV
offer	hokedo	V	EV
office	amin	N	C.	referring to the room, not the enterprise/institution/etc. itself
office block	doviat	N	C.
office block	aminat	N	C.
office block	dovi a amin	N	C.
often	donaadat	ADV
oh yeah?	memo?	I		calling a statement into question, expressing surprise or disbelief, as in 'Did you [just] really say/mean that?'
oil	menesa nuhe favide	N	C.	usually shortened to 'menesa' if the context makes it obvious.
oil	menesa	N	C.
old times	niadona	N	I.	can refer to certain times or events in the past
old times	niadoni	N	I.	referring to the times of ancestors in general, so not any kind of recent past
oldness	nihaa	N	I.
omelette	sedame a fiva	N	C.
omen	vunoji	N	I.
on	vue	ADV
on	ove	ADP
on	jove	ADP	C.	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'common' gender.
on	jovu	ADP	W.	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'wilderness' gender.
on	jovie	ADP	I.	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'immaterial/abstract' gender.
on top of	ove	ADP
on top of each other	masove	ADP
once	dote	ADV		standard indicator for past tense if the exact time is unknown
once upon a time	hadote	ADV		Can, separated by a comma, stand at the beginning of a sentence.
one	iki	NUM
one hundred twenty-five	hadati	NUM		base-5 equivalent to 1000
1 953 125	evokihivat	NUM		1 000 000 000 in base-5, 1 953 125 in base-10.
online	huuve	ADV		Has its origin in the (still existing) carrier bird/pigeon networks existing in Jute/South Jute. Also is used to mean 'while being connected/through connections'
onliness	iki	N	I.
only	netie	ADV
only just	ialme	ADV
onto	jove	ADP	C.	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'common' gender.
onto	jovie	ADP	I.	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'immaterial/abstract' gender.
onto	jovu	ADP	W.	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'wilderness' gender.
onto the left of	lunde	ADP
onto the right of	lunde	ADP
onward	te	ADV
onwards	te	ADV
open	foo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative, 'to open' in transitive sentences, 'be opened' in intransitive sentences.
open land	foin	N	I.	Also used for other land with no man-made boundaries such as walls, borders in sight, i.e. jungles, mountains etc.
open sea	saanu	N	W.
opening	foa	N	C.
openness	foi	N	I.	physical freedom, as for example the freedom to roam, or the lack of (metaphorical) chains that would prevent you from doing that
opine	vuato	V	EV
opinion	tesoami	N	I.
opportunity	hokoni	N	I.
oppose	tehomo	V	EV	particularly strong opposition, especially political, that is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
oppose	iltano	V	EV
oppose	vuato te	V	T
opposite	dee	ADV
oppositely	teute	ADV
opposition	eti	N	I.	Using 'eti' implies disapproval of the opposition, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
opposition	tehomi	N	I.	opposition that is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
oppress	lumadoo	V	EV
oppress	noito motevo	V	EV
oppress	dohuo	V	EV
oppress	hotuvo	V	EV
oppression	hotuvimi	N	I.
oppression	lumadou	N	I.	Oppression by force.
oppression	hotuvi	N	I.
oppressor	dohuomo	N	C.
oppressor	hotuvimo	N	C.
optics	nesaniva a vuhi	N	I.	referring to the branch of physics dealing with light
option	hedadi	N	I.
or	em	C
or	emal	C		introducing a leading question, expecting 'no'. 'Emal no na vandimo, haa?' You aren't a coward, are you?/Or are you a coward after all?
oracle	tahivahanimo	N	C.	referring to a person, not a place
orange	kamaluun	N	C.
orange juice	eevuhu a kamaluun	N	C.
orator	tahivomo	N	C.	someone whose profession is, or includes, holding speeches
orbit	letaf a vuhifin	N	I.
orbit	letafo in vuhifinede	V	UEV
order	kio	V	EV
order	lumadoo	V	EV	referring to giving orders, or commanding
order	ninvi	N	I.
order	ki	N	I.
order	lumadoi	N	I.
orderliness	ninvi	N	I.
orderly fashion	ki	N	I.
ore	eva	N	C.	Ore that has already been obtained, not ore that is still in deposits.
ore	tusaheva	N	C.	referring to natural alloys containing silver that have been mined or obtained some other way or any kind of silver ore (e.g. Acanthite)
organ	tanemat	N	C.	rare variant: tamemat
organelle	tanematifi	N	C.
organisation	iti	N	I.	organization of documents, information, for internal purposes
organisation	mihonafi	N	I.	national or international ones
organise	asijovo	V	EV	to organize and run an event or similar
organise	kio	V	EV	to organize things needed for a procedure, operation or task, either at work or for a public event
organise	ito	V	EV	data, documents, records etc. for internal purposes or at a public archive
organise	jufino	V	EV	to keep a business or a household organized
organiser	kivo	N	C.	any smaller physical objects that are used for ordering or organizing of a large amount of things, such as tabs in folders or separators in a bookshelf. Not for things of which you usually only use one, like a personal organizer, or for things that organize by means of collecting or binding things together, like a folder or staples.
origin	nike	N	C.	used when talking about the origin of life in general, especially forests, plants and such
origin	niki	N	I.
originate	niko	V	EV
other	ilehi	N	I.	literally 'unlikeness'
other	fal	N	I.	when referring to 'the other' in sociological/political contexts, e.g. when talking about a 'they vs. us' mentality
otherness	ilehi	N	I.
otherness	sainahai	N	I.	Often meant to be 'otherness' in the sense of 'exoticness', so it usually has a more positive connotation than in e.g. English.
ought to	teo	AUX	IR	This auxiliary meaning is used in intransitive sentences with several verbs and is an alternative to translating 'teo' in that context as 'need to, be needed to do sth.' Only context differentiates. Teo sao ta. – I need to swim. / I ought to swim. Teo haado ta hosomati. – I need to grow bananas. / I am needed to grow bananas. / I ought to grow bananas. Teo haado ta he na hosomati. – I need you to grow bananas.
ourselves	fafa	P		emphatic pronoun, inclusive first person plural and collective
oust	ilvuato	V	EV
out	haji	ADP	I.	for near things, abstract/immaterial gender
out	haja	ADP	C.	for near locations, common gender
out	haju	ADP	W.	for near locations, wilderness gender
out of	oda	ADP	C.	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
out of	odi	ADP	I.	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
out of	odu	ADP	W.	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
out of nowhere	tatiovenale	ADV
out there	efinav	ADV		in unspecified locations
outdoors	hau	N	W.
outdoors	ha	ADV
outlaw	ilhoko	V	IR	in transitive sentences or in intransitive sentences with a subject that is not human (or otherwise sapient and using human pronouns)
outside	ha	ADP
outside	ha	ADV
outside	hai	N	I.	when speaking of 'the outside' in general
outside	tohene	ADV		meaning 'towards the outside' used with dynamic verbs, like 'to go (back)', used e.g. when visiting foreign buildings or structures
outsider	sainahai	N	C.	/sɐinɐhɐi/ is also correct, but not used much and sounds very formal to ears of native speakers.
outwards	hea	ADV		originally for near locations, but also used humorously for far away locations. Dialectically also used in some other situations that are neither particularly far away nor close (e.g. outwards, on the open sea, or outwards, down the river), especially in South Jute
outwit	hajeheo	V	EV
oval	toloki	N	C.
oven	honvanon	N	C.	used to refer to an oven/ovens in general specifically (rather than 'fevon', which is more generic)
oven	favon	N	C.	rarely used, usually to mean 'stove and oven' then
over	ove	ADP
over	noohe	ADP		used in comparisons, e.g. when saying something is at a higher level, unless it's at the highest level possible, in which case 'ove' (on, on top of, over) is used
overcast day	vuhal	N	C.	where everything is gray and dim and colors are muted and the sky feels heavy
overcome	loto	V	EV
overhaul	ukeo	V	EV	referring to improving something that was good or at least in an acceptable state to begin with
overlook	dejo	V	EV
overpower	lumoo dee	V	EV
overpowering	lumodee	N	I.
overshare	tavuo eeovolati nonafede a navammo	V	EV	Full definition: 'talk about private problems behind the back of your family and community, thereby embarrassing them in front of strangers' Can be turned intransitive by removing the indirect case suffix -ti from 'eeovolati' and leaving out the agent.
overthrow	ijoto ... hea	V	EV	the 'hea' appears as adverb after the objects, but before temporal or local adverbs
overview	asoi	N	I.
overwhelm	lumoo dee	V	EV
overwhelming smell	doneni a lumodee	N	I.
owl	lutaama	N	W.
oxygen	vi a tiseei	N	I.
oyster	ufede	N	C.
pacify	mo	V	EV
pack	jufu	N	W.	for wild animals only
package	fudo	V	EV
packaging	desofena	N	C.	usually more loose packaging made of fabric or some other easily removable material
packaging	fuda	N	C.	usually referring to tighter packaging that is glued on or tied together, made from e.g. paper, plastic or cardboard
paddle	jeneleke	N	C.
page	najaseli	N	I.	a page on a computer screen or similar
pain	holdo	V	EV	meaning used in transitive sentences
pain	holde	N	I.
paint	johatono	V	EV	for paintings and similar
paint	joho	V	EV
painting	johatonefa	N	C.
pair	liiki	N	I.
pal	udima	N	C.	Slang
palace	sonejevo	N	C.
pancake	kelamafi	N	C.
pancreas	nuatahava a velu	N	C.
paper	ikoma	N	C.
paper	fase	N	C.	Sitti Jutean
paper	ikoma a jehiooni	N	C.
paper	jehiooni nuhe hotiohi	N	C.	Poetic
paradise nut	dunata	N	C.
paragraph	hotiohiva	N	I.
paralyse	molo	V	EV
paranoia	vandi a toovaihi	N	I.	only 'vandi' declines, so IDR. would be 'vanditi a toovaihi' and OBL. 'vandide a toovaihi'
parcel	tova	N	C.
parent	vunam	N	C.
parent	vunamo	V	EV
parenthood	vunami	N	I.	referring to the concept of being a parent in general, hence abstract gender
parenting	vunami	N	I.	referring to the concept of being a parent in general, hence abstract gender
park	safan a nonat	N	C.	A park with mangrove trees, for example at the beach. Alternatively, 'safan a sitti' can be used, especially when talking about the biggest town on Jute, Sitti.
park	dovan a nonat	N	C.	alternatively, 'dovan a sitti' can be used, especially when talking about the biggest town on Jute, Sitti.
parka	muuvit	N	C.
part	va	N	C.
part	kiovo	V	EV
part	kiovi	N	C.,I.	referring to familiar, abstract and unknown/unknowable things, but not wild/dangerous ones
part	kiovu	N	W.	referring to wild/dangerous things, for example in a jungle
part of a load	onkifi	N	I.
partially	kiove	ADV
participate	vodoono	V	UEV	Takes the adposition 'nuhe' (for)
particle	vifi	N	I.
particularly	ovefe	ADV
partner	nodesaina	N	C.
partnership	nani	N	I.	Referring to two people living together as partners. Often romantic, but not necessarily so, can also be for pragmatic reasons.
party	kahana a nojinonaf	N	C.	any sort of political association of like-minded people, not just parties
pass	deo	V	EV
passion	vanoimat	N	I.
passion	vanoi	N	I.
passionately	vane	ADV
passive voice	toni a tahivide a nohi	N	I.
passport	sinivo	N	C.
password	hotajoti	N	I.
past	niadoni	N	I.	referring to the times of ancestors in general, so not any kind of recent past
past	niadona	N	I.	can refer to certain times or events in the past
past	dee	ADP		Usage notes: 1) spatial: 'beyond a place' (adposition) 2) spatial: 'at the other side of' (adposition) 3) spatial/abstract: missing something (adposition/adverb) 4) spatial: 'somewhere in or on a place to be traversed' (adposition/adverb) 5) temporal 'happening during the passing of a point in time' (adposition)
past	doniti	N	I.
past	noohe	ADP		When the location being referred to is at a higher level,or moves to it, e.g. a road moving past a village up a mountain
pasta	sikulunea	N	C.
paste	unosi	N	C.	a spread used for sandwiches etc.
pastry	setufi	N	C.	any kind of small and round baked good
patch	ukkovo	V	EV
path	ton	N	C.
pattern	kamotilo	V	EV
pattern	kamotili	N	I.
pause	mihoni	N	I.
pause	ilvutifo	V	EV
pause	ilvutifi	N	I.
pay	muuno	V	EV
pay attention	mudaso	V	EV	not used for 'pay attention in school', used in sentences like 'pay attention to your surroundings', 'pay attention, keep your eyes open while walking on the street'
pay attention	noitosano	V	EV	intransitive sentences only, for scholarly knowledge/formal education
peace	miaha	N	I.
peace	mohomo	N	I.
peak	ovaiseti	N	I.
peak	ovaisetu	N	W.	For peaks in the jungle or other lands/of mountains seen as wild
peanut	tesetot	N	C.
peanut butter	unosi a tesetot	N	C.	sometimes also called 'nea a unosi a testot', literally translated as 'flour of wetness of peanut'
pear	fijim	N	C.
pebble	vuatafi	N	C.
peek	asomiko	V	UEV
peel	kelso	V	EV
peep	diit	N	I.
peep	diito	V	UEV
pen	hotivo	N	C.
pencil	hotivofi	N	C.
penguin	islo	N	W.
peninsula	oena a alvivo	N	C.
pentagon	ovikiif	N	I.
people	sainif	N	C.
people	saini	N	I.	since Jutean doesn't distinguish numbers in nouns for the most part, context is used for disambiguation, or an added numeral
pepper	kadenai	N	C.	referring to black pepper
per	nuuf	ADP	W.	for each
per	nufi	ADP	I.	for each
per	nuaf	ADP	C.	for each
per	na	ADP		in accordance with
perceive	dono	V	EV
percentage	manhaadiva	N	I.	Percentages got turned into "pertwentyfivages" due to the base-5 system, so the range only goes from 1-25, rather than 1-100
perception	doni	N	I.	experiencing something with the senses
perception	fuumi	N	I.	not as in what is perceived with the senses, but the understanding of something
perfection	lomohi	N	I.
perfective aspect indicator	lomohe	ADV
period	ooni	N	I.
period	doniva	N	I.
perish	ejaho ... kedoonif	V	UEV
perish	ilevoto ... nosaati	V	EV	See notes for 'ilevoto ... nosaati' (to die)
perish	mellovo	V	EV	only used for food
perpetualness	kedonifi	N	I.
perseverance	amivi	N	I.
persevere	hoto	V	UEV
person	saini	N	I.
person	mat	N	C.
person famous for good deeds	muldafa	N	C.
person to be buried	unsa	N
pertain	ano	V	IT	Takes the 'an/in/un' ('in') adposition.
pertaining to	ande	ADP
pester	dusovo	V	EV
pestle	neivo	N	C.
phantom	jiikamo	N	I.
phase	doniva	N	I.
philosopher	sahaimo	N	C.
philosophical paradox	sahai	N	I.
philosophical question	sahai	N	I.
philosophy	sahai	N	I.
phone	tesohava	N	I.
phoneme	tesoha	N	I.
phorusrhacidae	huuva a vandovohi	N	W.	also known as ‘terror birds’ in English
phrontistery	saihon	N	C.
physical world	nin	N	I.	as oppposed to 'vin', the sphere of ideas.
physician	nusaifomo	N	C.
physics	nesaniva	N	I.
piano	teene	N	C.
pick	fefo	V	EV
pickle	heme a uiliva	N	C.	any sort of pickled food or otherwise preserved in jars like fruit preserves
picture	johif	N	I.	for bright, colorful pictures, or when color is an important part of a picture in some other way
pierce	tuloho	V	EV
pig	nelam	N	C.
pigeon	miis	N	C.
pike	kiovalvu	N	C.
pile	feo	V	EV	rarely used with sapient beings in intransitive sentences except in a metaphorical or poetical sense
pile	masovi	N	I.
pile-up	masovi	N	I.
pillow	musa	N	C.
pinch	famo	V	EV
pine	vilsehu	N	W.
pineapple	duke	N	C.
pipe	nuatahava	N	C.	for ducts or pipes that are only connected on one end and dispense water or some other liquid on the other one, e.g. for washing or drinking
pipe	tula	N	C.
pistol	senil	N	C.
pit	fus	N	C.	also metaphorical, e.g. pit of despair etc.
pitaya	vanokama	N	C.
pitch	tahadova	N	C.	pitch as in resin
pitch	loti	N	I.	pitch as in e.g. pitch accent
pitch accent	okiovi	N	I.
place	ano	V	EV	'to make belong to'
place	ana	N	C.	general, either permanent or temporary
place	ki	N	I.	referring to expressions like '1st place', '2nd place' etc.
place	non	N	C.	place of something bigger (like a tree, a meadow or a harbor) that has 'settled down' and isn't likely to change much soon
place	ninva	N	I.	an unspecified, more abstract place, as for example in 'one's place in the world'
plain	kelama	N	C.
plan	hajeo	V	EV	Used if there's a lot of thought going into the plan, or if it's some stroke of genius or brilliant idea worked out. Occasionally used sarcastically, but neutral use is by far more common.
plan	hajefa	N	I.
plan to do	saiho	AUX	IR	Used only with other verbs like an auxiliary. 'No' (to be) is generally avoided, instead it is often combined with 'ho' (remain), 'hono' (stay), 'evotono' (become) or another verb. Can be both transitive (X plans to do Y) or intransitive (Y was planned) if used with ergative verbs, in combination with unergative verbs remains unergative and intransitive. 'Saiho sao la.' - They plan(ned) to swim. 'Saiho amo la ji.' – They plan(ned) to do this. 'Saiho amo ji.' – This is/was planned. Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to e.g. either the planned time or the time of planning. Alternatively, e.g. where something was planned, where a plan is supposed to be carried out, or where that plan (if it exists physically) currently is located. To specifically refer to the plan, 'nuhe' (for) can be used, and 'at' (from) for the planning. Context, some other adpositions or an additional sentence can also disambiguate. In some cases an adjectival noun can also provide clarification. 'Saiho amo ji dote.' – This was planned earlier. / This was planned to be carried out earlier. 'Saiho amo ji nuhe ajavi.' – This is planned to be carried out today. 'Saiho amo ji at ajavi.' – This is being planned today. 'Saiho amo ji dote. Moji, hokono asijo ehi in vunuhi netie.' – This was planned (to be carried out) earlier, but can happen only tomorrow. (=can't happen earlier) 'Saiho amo ji a dote.' – This earlier [plan] is planned (to be carried out). 'Saiho amo ji hen.' – This is planned here. / This is planned to be carried out here. 'Saiho amo ji nuhe henide.' – This is planned to be carried out here. (lit. 'for here') 'Saiho amo ji at henide.' – This is planned here. (lit. 'from here') 'Saiho amo ji a heni.' – This here is planned to be carried out. IMPORTANT: depending on context 'saiho' can, rather than act as an auxiliary, also regularly mean 'to think' when used in combination with other verbs (usually when combined with more than one additional verb), and this can be specified with the adverb 'nuhe henuhede' (for the here and now) at the end of the sentence.
plane	vailihuto	N	C.	plane as in aircraft
plane	leneja	N	C.	plane as in aircraft, Sitti Jutean. Outside of Sitti used only as a synonym for particularly large planes
planet	savanhi	N	I.
plankton	asefiso	N	W.
plant	haadova	N	C.	the living being, flora
plant	okio ... an oenade	V	EV	'...' is replaced by the subject (and optionally, an object)
plastic	tillok	N	C.
plastic bag	tillok	N	C.
plate	meihon	V	EV	referring to plating with alloys, e.g. bronze
plate	feva	N	C.
plateau	kelama a hisetu	N	W.
platform	hukele	N	C.	platforms of railway stations or similar
play	masijo	V	EV	an instrument or a song
play	maamio	V	EV	playing that doesn’t involve rules, toying
play	vunoja	N	C.	referring to theater plays, musicals, even wrestling.
play	iduo	V	EV	playing by some rules (a game etc.)
play with	maamio	V	EV
playing	maami	N	I.
playwright	hotiomo a vunoja	N	C.
please	ukemo	I		when e.g. asking for a favor, separated by a comma in writing
pleasure	dihuke	N	I.
pledge	nokeko	V	EV
plot	hajeo	V	EV	Has no negative connotation, can also refer to making an intelligent plan.
plough	lundivo	N	C.
plough	lendo	V	EV
poem	hotohiva	N	I.
poet	hotohimo	N	C.
poetry	hotohi	N	I.
point	vuatifi	N	I.
point	nojo	V	EV
point	ovi	N	I.	the upper end of something, often pointy
point of view	ninva	N	I.	Used with 'nuhe' ('for')
poison	masivo	N	C.
poison	masivo	V	EV
pole	kuha	N	C.	a long stick of wood (or other material) that has been processed to be straight and slim
political philosophy	sahai	N	I.
politics	nojinonaf	N	I.
pollute	ilsaavo	V	EV
pollution	ilsaveefa	N	I.	general term
pollution	ilukaini	N	I.	of mind or environment
polyhedron	mati a nihi	N	I.	a regular polyhedron, such as the Platonic solids
polytheism	Homanuki a vunamat a kiovif	N	I.
ponder	saiho	V	IR	Transitive or intransitive, can take either an oblique object (usually introduced with 'a', about) specifying the topic or the thing being said, or a direct one (usually some word like 'va', part or 'ji' abstract/immaterial form of 'this', the proximal demonstrative pronoun) Neither is necessary if the sentence follows or introduces a quoted thought, i.e. one in writing expressed with quote marks. If the subject is unknown or unimportant, 'saini' (a person/people) or a similar term can be used instead of a pronoun or other noun. Alternatively, the subject can be omitted entirely, thereby implying an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is thought that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is thought to be a/an ...' See the entry 'saiho', 'to be thought to', for details.
ponder	fofeo	V	EV
pony	mikefi	N	C.
population	sainif	N	C.
porcelain	vatasoa	N	C.
porridge	sedame	N	C.	also used for some stews and other thick foods made in a pot
port	saava a nonat	N	C.	for ships
portability	vatteei	N	I.
portal	femmahad	N	C.
portal	tinivo	N	C.
portion	kiovi	N	I.
possibility	hokoni	N	I.	Possibility in the sense of 'opportunity' or 'legal possibility'
possibility	eeji	N	I.	Refers to possibilities that come to be via someone's or something's ability or abilities, but that could be rendered impossible due some unforeseen events. That is, it refers to something that is possible in general, but not necessarily at the time of speaking.
post office	tovon	N	C.
pot	seda	N	C.	general term
pot	sedanvi	N	C.	used for baking or roasting
potter	maikomo	N	C.
potter's wheel	maikomivo	N	C.
pottery	maiko	N	C.	referring both to the handicraft and a pottery item
pottery item	maikefa	N	C.	a finished item of pottery, often particularly well-made or elaborate
pottery item	maiko	N	C.	referring both to the handicraft and a pottery item
pouch	tusa	N	C.	a packet or tiny package for condiments, shampoo or similar
pound	kummo	V	EV
pour	meneso	V	EV	for oil only
pour	fofeo	V	EV
pour	tahoovo	V	EV
pour	feuvo	V	UEV	referring to larger amounts, most commonly water, less often other liquids, even less often other things
poverty	illumo	N	I.
powder	neu	N	C.
powdered sugar	kim a neu	N	C.
power	lumamo	N	I.	Political power and other kinds that make it possible for someone to force their will through
power	lumo	N	I.	Power in general
power	lumomat	N	I.	Physical power or strength only
power	lumo	V	EV
power loom	vailidela	N	C.	a mechanized loom, found e.g. in factories
powerfully	lumame	ADV		referring to non-physical power, e.g. political power
powerfully	lumomate	ADV		referring to physical power or strength
powerlessness	illumo	N	I.	sometimes also 'illumi', especially when talking in a more general sense
practice	asejo	V	EV
praise	ukahio	V	EV
praise	ukahi	N
prank	melliva	N	I.
prank	lemuso	V	EV
prank	mello	V	EV	No prepositions necessary, unlike in English 'to play a prank on'
pray	mosaiho	V	UEV
prayer	mosaihi	N
preach	ukahio	V	EV
precaution	itohi a havandi	N	I.
precipice	vente	N	W.
predator	nuovanu	N	W.
prefer	saihadao	V	EV
pregnancy	vatti a nuina	N	C.
prehistoric times	dooni a ejoti	N	I.
prehistory	tahif a ejoti	N	I.
premise	miditahi	N	I.
preparation	itohi	N	I.
prepare	ito ... muavati	V	EV	Used mostly for smaller fields. Larger ones use 'lundo'. Intransitive sentences would use 'ito muava', dropping the indirect case suffix used for direct objects.
prepare oneself	itohe	V	EV	treated as an inflected form, so if a particular mood is used, the 'he' can become a particle, and the mood is denoted with a suffix instead, e.g. 'itot he' ('shall prepare oneself')
presence	heni	N	I.
present	masijo	V	EV
preserve	ho	V	EV
preserves	heme a uiliva	N	C.	any sort of pickled food or otherwise preserved in jars like fruit preserves
press	tehekato	V	EV
press	hotion	N	C.
press secretary	liotafavimo	N	C.
pretence	ilhavani	N	I.
pretend	ilhavano	V	EV	Default transitive meaning: 'pretend to exist', however, if it is followed by a verb, the meaning changes to 'pretend to [verb]'. Intransitive meaning: 'to make appear real', reflexive/reciprocal meaning: 'to pretend to oneself/each other'
pretender	ilhavanimo	N	C.
prevalence	anti	N	I.
prevent	amokonilo	V	EV
prevention	amokonil	N	I.
previous	adoni	DET
previousness	dote	N	I.
prey	toovaona	N	W.
prick	kavo	V	EV
prickle	kava	N	C.
prickle	kavo	V	EV
priest	unsanamo	N	C.	priest overseeing a sacrifice or burial
priest	mosaihinamo	N	C.	'church worker', for priests working in church-like houses
priest	moonamo	N	C.	'temple worker', for priests not working in church-like houses
prince or princess	duoto	N	C.
print	najaselo	V	EV
print	najasela	N	C.	something printed, e.g. a (copy of a) photo, a copy of a painting or a single page of text
printing press	vailinajasela	N	C.
prism	lusa	N	I.	three-dimensional shape that can be formed by extruding a plane figure, or stacking thereof, either theoretical, drawn or as physical object
prism	mati a lusohi	N	I.	three-dimensional shape that can be formed by extruding a plane figure, or stacking thereof
prison	netun	N	C.	Originates in the fact that the Juteans captured by the Klambaris after their invasion saw their city walls as a sort of prison. Slightly poetic, but still acceptable for all language registers. Can by extension be used to refer to other things standing between you and your freedom as well. For immaterial/abstract ones, 'netuuni' is used.
prison	netuuni	N	I.	A mental 'prison' keeping you from doing something, be it what you want or need to do, or that keeps you from achieving (including, but not limited to spiritual) freedom, your full potential or other things.
prison	dahe	N	I.	Used mostly in a philosophical sense, when e.g. talking about liberty. 'A land that you are supposed to never leave is like a prison with another name'
prison guard	netummo	N	C.	anyone living voluntarily in or behind walls or walled buildings
prisoner	netunona	N	C.
privilege	donihonoki	N	I.
probability	asijoki	N	I.
probably	asijoke	ADV
problem	vutani	N	I.
process	aseji	N	I.
proclaim	uivato	V	EV
proclamation	uivata	N	I.
produce	amo	V	EV
produce	uisa	N	C.	used mostly for gathered and foraged food, like mushrooms, but also including e.g. fruit, nuts etc., anything not farmed on fields or in gardens
product	amefa	N	I.	something produced
productivity	ami	N	I.
progress	tiahi	N	I.
progressing	hiati	N	I.
progressive marker	he	ADV
projector	nioonivo	N	C.	mostly for videos only
promise	nutahuki	N	I.
promise	nutahuko	V	EV
pronounce	tesoho	V	EV
propaganda	sehukovivo	N	I.
prophecy	johanni	N	I.
prophesise	johanno	V	EV
prophesy	johanno	V	EV
prosperity	lumafa	N	I.	collective prosperity of a community, the population of a country, etc.
prosperity	amike	N	I.
protagonist	miditaha	N	I.
protect	netumio	V	EV	to watch over someone or something, not protect by hiding or similar
protect	ejoto	V	EV
protection	netumi	N	I.	especially against wild animals, crime etc. Military protection is 'hetevi'
protection	vunami	N	I.	especially parental protection of children
protection	ejota	N	C.
protection	hetevi	N	I.	roughly corresponds to 'military protection'
protein	nuaite a desi	N	C.
proton	fikemek	N	I.
prove	vunojo tavani	V	EV
provide	nuo	V	EV
provide for	ito	V	EV
prune	kuho	V	EV
psychology	tonesani a saini	N	I.
pub	tahoin	N	C.
public	lihotafa	N	C.
public works	amafa	N	I.	building projects undertaken by the community collectively, or on behalf of it
publication	liotafavi	N	I.
publicise	lihotafavo	V	EV
publish	liotafavo	V	EV
publisher	hotion	N	C.	referring to a company, cooperative or similar institution, not a person or profession
publisher	liotafavimo	N	C.	someone working in publishing, or responsible for the publishing of a book etc.
publishing house	hotion	N	C.
pull	emtoo	V	EV
pull out	sundo	V	EV	of something which has a known location
pulley	tivivo	N	C.	any kind of tool that enables movement of things that were immobile before, such as heavy weights that require a pulley, or an axis with wheels that allows a cart to move (more easily)
punch	hevi	N	I.	referring both to the act and the actual punch itself
punch	hevo	V	EV
punishment	mohomovo	N	I.
puppet	vunojeha	N	C.
purity	saveefa	N	I.	also referring to something like 'spiritual purity'
purpose	nuhi	N	I.	'for the purpose of' would be 'in nuhide a'
purr	hello	V	UEV
pursue	vutonto	V	EV
push	teheko	V	EV
put	okio	V	EV	cognate with NGU 'hongi' (put)
put away	uilo	V	EV
put in charge	vuato ove	V	EV
put under	fevo	V	EV
put up	okio ado	V	T	the preposition 'ado' is only used with nouns that have the common gender, for immaterial/abstract 'ido' is used, for the wilderness gender 'udo'
puzzle	sihai	N	I.
quadrillion	evokefuk	NUM		referring to the base-5 equivalent of a (short scale) quadrillion
quality	ohi	N	I.
quality time	donanodesaina	N	I.
quantity	haad	N	I.	particularly with rough estimates, uncounted amounts etc.
quark	kafelak	N	I.	subatomic particle
quark	dafute a musuu	N	C.	the soft, white cheese, often similar to cottage cheese, but not grainy
queen	vunam a efi a vunamanede	N	C.	used mostly in translated stories, sometimes also when talking about the history of other nations, rarely if ever used for any present ruler (with exceptions)
quell	hotuvo	V	EV
question	saihasao	V	EV
question	haa	N	I.
quick movement	tivuu	N	I.
quickly	vue	ADV
quickness	vuu	N	I.
quiet	motevi	N
quill	humatava	N	C.
quill	hotivo	N	C.	can refer to any kind of writing implement
quit	toho	V	EV
rabbit	iten	N	W.
race	vui	N	I.
race track	vuin	N	I.
racism	ki a vetti a fal	N	I.
rack	uila	N
racquet	vettivo	N	C.
radar	somotikuv	N	C.
radiate	tiso	V	EV
radiation	tisoi	N	I.
radio	vailitesohova	N	C.	often shortened to "VTV" or 'vaites'
raft	umtivo	N	C.
rage	vani	N	I.
raid	ufeni	N	I.
railroad	kaunkatonat	N	C.
railway	kaunkatonat	N	C.
rain	fofeo	V	EV	Requires a subject, such as 'saanuhuu' (sky) 'Fofeo saava.’ – ‘Fofeomo saanuhuu.’ – ‘Fofeo saanuhuu savafiti.’ It's raining water (Rain water) – The sky rains. (Rain-ANTIP sky) - The sky rains drops of water. (Rain sky drop_of_water-IDR)
rain	fofesaava	N	C.
rainbow	itikoma a huu	N	I.
rainbow butterfly unicorn kitten	nojahaaji	N	I.
rainforest	oeedova a fofesaava	N	W.
raise	vuammo	V	EV	to raise children
raise	nooho	V	EV	to lift something or someone up
rake	feo	V	EV	rarely used with sapient beings in intransitive sentences except in a metaphorical or poetical sense
rake	feivo	N	C.
randomise	ilikio	V	EV
rank	ki	N	I.
rapid	kisu	N	W.	a single rapid or chute in a river
rapids	tahu	N	W.
rareness	alanti	N	I.
rarity	alanta	N	C.
rat	isiiasehi	N	W.
rather	haade	ADV
rather than	ilehe	C
rattle	kelle	N	C.
rattle	kellu	N	W.	a rattle sound in or coming from the jungle or some other 'wild' place
raw material	eva	N	C.
raze	tisoheo	V	EV
razer	tisoheomo	N	C.	used literally, or metaphorically for someone who acts in a very destructive manner with no regard for their environment or other people
razor	tasivo nuhe lusade	N	C.
reach	femo	V	EV	To extend arms or other limbs. Not used for e.g. signals etc. Use 'ijotado' (for animate targets) or 'ijotido' (for immaterial or abstract targets)
reach	ijotado	V	EV	used when the target of the transmission, connection or similar (which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is sapient and/or animate, with that which was used to reach the target a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
reach	ijotido	V	EV	used when the target (a thing or a place) of the transmission, connection or similar (which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract. E.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time as well anything unknown (including material things), e.g. an unknown place, with that which was used to reach the target a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
reach	tefo	V	EV	to reach a goal or similar
reach	femo	V	EV	to extend to a spot or place
react	amoto	V	EV	intransitive meaning: 'to be reacted to'
reaction	amoti	N	I.
read	fuumo	V	EV
reader	fuuma	N	C.
realisation	lomohi	N	I.
realise	aso	V	EV
reality	havani	N	I.
really	tavane	I
really	memo?	I		calling a statement into question, expressing surprise or disbelief, as in 'Did you [just] really say/mean that?'
really	ihavane	ADV
realm of the forgotten	fusi	N	I.	metaphorical place where those who are forgotten are said to end up
realness	havani	N	I.
reappear	edo ... atile	V	UEV
reason	saihasao	V	EV	Meaning when used in sentences with no direct object (intransitive ones)
reason	sini	N	I.	Used especially in questions, like 'What is the reason/meaning for this?'
reasonability	saihasi	N	I.
rebel	etimo	N	C.	Using 'etimo' implies disapproval of the rebellion or group of fighters, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
rebel	tehomo	N	C.	not necessarily part of a military or militia, can also be more metaphorical, and supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
rebel	foivi	N	C.	a 'freedom fighter' the speaker wants to express support for
rebellion	tehomi	N	I.	refers to a fight, struggle or rebellion that can be more metaphorical, and is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
rebellion	eti	N	I.	Using 'eti' implies disapproval of the rebellion, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
rebuild	olumotilo	V	EV
rebuke	nesatilovo ... a ukainide	V	EV
recapitulate	fumotilo	V	EV
receive	evoto	V	EV
receiver	movotohe	N	C.
recipient	lihotona	N	C.
reckon	tiilo	V	UEV	used particularly by expatriates or those who have a lot of contact with them
recognise	fuumo ... lomohe	V	EV	'lomohe' is an adverb meaning 'already', marking the perfective aspect here
recognise	muldo	V	EV	for persons
reconcile	mohomoo	V	EV	no adposition such as e.g. 'with' needed
recontact	femotilo	V	EV
record keeper	hotifanamo	N	C.
recorder	nioonivo	N	C.	mostly for videos only
recover	evotilo	V	EV
recreate	olumotilo	V	EV
rectangle	fumotileke	N	I.
rectangular prism	lusa a fumotileke	N	I.
recur	asejo	V	EV
red	jevani	N	I.
redden	jevano	V	EV	Verbs for other colors are similarly derived.
reduce	ilhaado	V	EV
reeducate	hotilvuho	V	EV
reef	kuul	N	W.	e.g. a coral reef
reestablish	olumotilo	V	EV
reflect	toheno	V	M	unergative in sentences where the subject animate, but ergative when the subject inanimate 'to reflect on' is 'toheno li'.
reflection	toheni	N	I.
reform	hiativo	N	I.
reform	ukkovo	V	EV	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
refresh	lottuvo	V	EV
refuge	mudasin	N	C.
refuse	iltano	V	EV
refuse	vuato te	V	T
regain	evotilo	V	EV
regain consciousness	atilo vuhati	V	UEV
regain consciousness	evotilo nisaifiti a saini	V	UEV
regarding	sie	ADP		for specific, known or named people, living beings or things, or to establish a topic, used with verbs, for example 'veeho sie' (laugh about), or with nouns, e.g. 'tonikki sie kiovohi' (algorithm regarding the distribution)
regarding	ande	ADP		to establish a particular connection, especially belonging or that something is part of something, e.g. with locations or groups, as in ‘kama ande oenade’ (fruits belonging to the land) or ‘saini ande kahanade’ (people belonging to the group)
regarding	nuhe	ADP		'regarding' as in 'with respect to' not, as in the gerund form of 'to regard' (which would be 'sinohi')
regardless	foije	ADV
regardless of	foije	ADP
region	uisi	N	C.	Subdivided into 'uisifi' (counties), which usually include nine or ten 'nonaf' (urban or sprawling communities, or collections of separate rural settlements) Cities and towns are not seen as regions themselves and are called 'nonat' instead. A bigger region, like a state, would be 'nonafat', but this is rarely used outside political, scientific or administrative language.
regionally	uise	ADV
regulate	kivio	V	EV
reinvent	olumoho ... atile	V	EV
reject	allo	V	EV
reject	iltano	V	EV
reject	tovoheo	V	EV
rejection	ali	N	I.
rejoice	sovio	V	EV	intransitive meaning 'lead to rejoicing, be enjoyed very much'
rejoice	doonato	V	EV
rejoicing	sovi	N	I.
rekt	ilvit (lomhe)	PHR		Slang
relate	sino	V	EV	in regards to topics or issues
relate to so.	tahadovo	V	IT
relating to	sie	ADP		for specific, known or named people, living beings or things, or to establish a topic, used with verbs, for example 'veeho sie' (laugh about), or with nouns, e.g. 'tonikki sie kiovohi' (algorithm regarding the distribution)
relating to	ande	ADV		to establish a particular connection, especially belonging or that something is part of something, e.g. with locations or groups, as in ‘kama ande oenade’ (fruits belonging to the land) or ‘saini ande kahanade’ (people belonging to the group)
relation	tahadovi	N	I.	for interdependent relations between two objects.
relation	vunami	N	I.	causal/dependent relation rather than interdependent ones
relationship	nani	N	I.	Referring to two people living together as partners. Often romantic, but not necessarily so, can also be for pragmatic reasons.
relationship	tahadovi	N	I.	for interdependent relations between two objects
relationship	vunami	N	I.	causal/dependent relation rather than interdependent ones
relationship	tahadovi	N	I.	for example between friends
relationship	vunami	N	I.	relationships in a family, especially between parents and children, and sometimes later between caregiver and caretaker as well.
relative	jufiva	N	C.
relativity	ninva	N	I.	when used as adjectival noun, so with preceding noun + 'a' (of), or sometimes 'oene'/'jufe' (depending on, for material/immaterial things)
relax	mihono	V	UEV
relevance	tahadovi	N	I.
relief	ilvuati	N	I.
relieve	ilvuato	V	EV
religion	homani	N	I.
religious school	vamejoti	N	I.
reluctance	heitidi	N	I.
rely	juto	V	T	for anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas
rely	oeno	V	EV	for persons and physical objects or their activities, not on anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas ('juto' would be used in those cases)
remain	hono	V	UEV
remark	fuli	N	I.
remedy	nusaifivo	N	C.
remember	nesatilo	V	EV
remembrance	nesatili	N	I.
remind	nesatilovo	V	EV	that which someone is being reminded of is preceded by an 'a' (of/about)
reminder	nesatilovi	N	I.
remote control	vailiamivo	N	C.
remoteness	hai	N	I.
remoteness	hea	N	I.
removal	ilvuati	N	I.
remove	ilvuato	V	EV	to remove a burden or a responsibility of someone or something, e.g. remove from office
remove	tavuheo	V	EV	when talking about things or persons that shouldn't be in the place the speaker is talking about, or that were or are being removed
remove	ilejoto	V	EV	remove clothing, a cover, case etc.
rename	sinotilo	V	EV
render artistically	okiofo	V	EV
renew	hohivo	V	EV
renew	lottuvo	V	EV
renounce	deo	V	EV
renovate	ukkovo	V	EV	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
repair	iltin	N	I.
repair	iltino	V	EV
repeat	amotilo	V	EV	do something again
repeat	memotilo	V	EV	say something again
repeatedly play the same song	masijotilo	V	EV
replace	jufeho	V	EV
replacement	jufehi	N	I.
reply	memonki	N	I.
reply	memonko	V	UEV
report	tesohovi	N	I.
report	tesohovo	V	EV
reporter	tesohovamo	N	C.	'tesohovomo' is a variant, but has a stronger connotation of 'announcer'
represent	vunojo ehe	V	EV
representation	vunojehi	N	I.
reproach	nesatilovo ... a ukainide	V	EV
reproduction	hini	N	I.
reproductive system	hinivo	N	C.
reptile	talva	N	W.	referring to larger reptiles, such as crocodiles
reptile	kavelu	N	W.	usually referring to smaller lizards or reptils
republic	Hotuvimolan	N	I.
republic	Vunaman a hotuvimol	N	I.
republic	vonseem	N	I.
require	teato	V	IR	in transitive sentences, but rarely used
rescue	mudaso	V	EV
rescue	mudasi	N	I.
rescue	umti	N	I.	particularly at sea
rescuer	mudasomo	N	C.
research	fuumi	N	I.
researcher	fuumimo	N	I.
resemble	hedojao	V	UEV	like 'to be' this takes one or two nouns in the direct case, and no direct objects.
resin	tahadova	N	C.
resistance	eti	N	I.	resistance that is directed against the speaker or a group the speaker is a part of
resource	evohi	N	I.	Sarcastically, or when being modest, this can also be used for the result of your or someone else's work.
respect	johakaino	V	EV
respiratory system	nosaivo	N	C.
rest	mihono	V	UEV
restaurant	hemon	N	C.
resting day	vuhami	N	I.
restore	mohomoo	V	EV
restrict	soheno	V	EV
restrict	daho	V	T	In this sense requiring an object and commonly used together with these words: 'daho tahivati' – 'to censor/restrict words' 'daho vunojati/niooniti' – 'to restrict a show/movie from public viewing' 'daho kioviti' – 'to censor a part (of a movie/show/etc.) 'daho hotifiti' – 'to restrict the circulation of a book (while not banning the possession of it)'
restriction	soheni	N	I.
result	amefo	V	UEV
result	evo	AFF		For anything where the result can't be influenced/altered by humans, such as mathematics
result	kilvuni	N	I.	Used for races and other things where a result is more or less a 'final order'.
result	evohi	N	I.	Originally, the result of something that wasn't your own or someone else's intentional work, but rather the result of the doing of impersonal forces, e.g. the result of a calculation. However, also used with the wider meaning of 'an unintentional/unplanned result'. Sarcastically, or when being modest, this can also be used for the result of your or someone else's work.
result	amefa	N	I.	Sometimes erroneously used for the result of a calculation, which would be more properly 'evohi'.
retaliate	atilo	V	T	requires a transitive sentence
retaliation	atili	N	I.
retire	evotono nihamo	V	UEV
retrieve	sundo	V	EV	of something which has a known location
retrieve	teko	V	EV
retry	nuhetilo	V	EV
retted stems or husks	unosiva	N	C.	Fiber plant parts, such as e.g. jute stems or coconut husks, prepared by retting. See notes on 'unosi' (retting) for an explanation of the term.
rettery	unosin	N	C.	A place for retting. See notes for 'unosi' (retting) for an explanation of the term.
retting	unosi	N	I.	the process of submerging the stems of fiber plants such as jute or the husks of coconuts to help separate the fiber from the wooden part
return	toheno	V	M	unergative in sentences where the subject animate, but ergative when the subject inanimate Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. 'to return to' is 'toheno li'.
return	atilo	V	UEV
revere	ukaino	V	EV
review	fumotilo	V	EV
revolution	ilvuatihad	N	I.
reward	muune	N	I.
reward	muuno	V	EV
rhythm	midi	N	I.
rib	hekku	N	C.
ribbon	itikoma	N	C.
ribcage	hekkuf	N	C.
rice	fali	N	C.
rice	fali	N	C.
ricotta	dafute a musuu	N	C.
ride	jekejo	V	EV	to ride a horse or other animal
ridicule	veeho	V	EV	Intransitive meaning: be laughed at, be ridiculed.
riding	jekeji	N	I.
right	lumi	N	I.
right	emal	I
right	lumi	N	I.
right	hokoni	N	I.
right	lume	ADV		The right hand is the dominant hand for most people.
rightfully	hokone	ADV
rightfulness	hokoni	N	I.	particularly when used with 'a' in front of it as an adjectival noun
ring	tesoho	V	EV	of e.g. a phone or a bell
ring	folda	N	C.
ring tone	tesohi	N	I.
rip	fesoo	V	EV
ripen	lottuvo	V	EV
ripeness	lottu	N	I.
rise	vunuho	V	UEV
rise	luso	V	UEV
risk	dati	N	I.
rite	muje	N	C.
river	tahu	N	W.	referring to a river found in a jungle
river	tahoon	N	C.
river burial	unsi a tahoon	N	I.	burial rite involving sending the body down a river on a small boat
river water	tahoonava	N	C.
riverbed	tahonuuva	N	C.
road	jaaseton	N	C.	a road for cars or similar vehicles
road	tonat	N	C.
roar	luuko	V	UEV
robot	matavahi	N	C.
rock	fola	N	C.
rocket	himmin	N	C.
rocket launcher	kentakatel	N	C.
rodent	dankufi	N	W.
roll	utukio	V	EV
roll	setufi	N	C.	any kind of small and round baked good
romantic interest	fumodiamo	N	C.
room	tun	N	C.	a room in a building
room	dahe	N	I.	space in general
root	usa	N	C.
rope	lojatukefa	N	C.	especially for ropes, cords etc. from coconut fiber or similar
rope	kaana	N	C.
rose	asi	N	C.
rotate	lesuko	V	EV
roughness	ilekami	N	I.
rouse	ijotovo	V	EV
route	tonahi	N	I.
route	tonaho	V	EV
router	tonahivo	N	C.
row	jeno	V	EV
row	ite	N	I.
rub	faho	V	EV
rubber	eevuhu nuhe uldohi	N	C.
rubber tree	dova a eevuhu	N	C.
rubbish	eeovola	N	C.	Literally 'that which can't be used'
ruby	kinik	N	W.
rudder	nojivo	N	C.
rude person	vikinimo	N	C.
ruffian	heva	N	C.
ruggedness	ilekami	N	I.
ruin	ika	N	C.	any structures of a civilization or culture that have been abandoned and are now falling into a state of disrepair or were turned into ruins by some destructive event
rule	noitoti	N	I.	Referring to just rule.
rule	kivi	N	I.	in a game, sports, or e.g. in a community, any kind of regulation
rule	lumoo ... ove	V	EV	Refers to unjustified coercive rule maintained only via force.
rule over	noito to	V	EV	the phrase is similar to 'I make things go here' in English and refers to justified, just ruling only, not any kind of coercive power maintained via force or similar. Also used to mean 'rule over an industry' or 'rule over' in a more metaphorical sense.
ruler	hotuvimo	N	C.	For unjustly ruling people or those with no legitimized rule.
run	fofuuvo	V	UEV	for water or similar, on the ground or in a ditch
run	vuo	V	UEV
run	asijovo	V	EV	to organize and run an event or similar
run	fofeo	V	UEV	for water or similar
run after	vutonto	V	EV
run away	vuoheo	V	UEV
run happily	sevo	V	UEV
run in forest	sevo	V	UEV
run into	atteo	V	T
run over	tovo tuuve	V	EV
rush	feuvo	V	UEV	referring to larger amounts, most commonly water, less often other liquids, even less often other things
rustle	tehedusa	N	I.
rustle	teheduso	V	EV
sachet	tusa	N	C.	a tiny perfumed bag or one that contains herbs, spices, condiments or similar to use in cooking or for serving
sacrifice	unsa	N	C.
sacrifice	unso	V	EV
sacrificial site	unsan	N	C.
sacrificing	unsi	N	I.
sadden	fuediivo	V	EV
sadness	fuedii	N	I.
safety	mudasi	N	I.
saffron	demuve	N	C.
sail	huuteeko	V	UEV	uses 'an/un/in' (in, within) for bodies of water, so e.g. to sail an ocean is 'huuteko un saanuahad', or 'ado/udo/ido' (at) for lands sailed past
sail	dahuu	N	C.
sailboat	huutekivo	N	C.
sailor	huteekomo	N	C.
salt	kosema	N	C.
salt	nuaite a kosema	N	I.	any kind of salt, i.e. not just table salt, but also other chemical compounds formed from the reaction of an acid and a base
same	vave	ADV	I.
same	vava	N	I.
sample	nuheo	V	EV
sanatorium	nusaifon	N	C.
sanctuary	mudasin	N	C.
sand	netava	N	C.	only dry beach sand
sand	saanava	N	C.	mostly wet sand at the bottom in coastal waters.
sand	iivo	N		Generic term for beach sand.
sap	eevuhu	N	C.	edible sap
sap	tahadova	N	C.	inedible sap
sapling	kenu	N	W.	used for trees in a jungle or other 'wild' places
sapling	dovafi	N	C.	used for trees grown in gardens, parks or other places that aren't considered 'wild'
sapphire	hedas	N	W.
satellite	vuhataat a ven	N	C.
satiety	onki	N	I.
sauna	vanotun	N	C.
savanna	tajedovul	N	W.
save	mudaso	V	EV
save	uilo	V	EV	a ditransitive verb like 'to give', requires no prepositions for the indirect object (usually the place the direct object is stored in), this meaning used for digital saving of documents etc.
saw	kiovata	N	C.
saw	kivoto	V	EV	Takes the 'li' preposition, 'li leke' = in two, in half. 'kiovato' is falling out of use, but still a dialectal variant in some regions.
say	fulo	V	UEV	takes the 'nuhe' preposition when specifying who is being told or talked to
say	memo	V	IR	Can take either an oblique object (usually introduced with 'a', about) specifying the topic or the thing being said, or a direct one (usually some word like 'va', part or 'ji' abstract/immaterial form of 'this', the proximal demonstrative pronoun) Neither is necessary if the sentence follows or introduces direct speech. A 'nuhe' is used before the word referring to the person or people being addressed If the speaker is unknown or unimportant, 'saini' (a person/people) or a similar term can be used instead of the pronoun or noun. Alternatively, the subject can be omitted entirely, thereby implying an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is said that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is said to be a/an ...' (See also the entry 'memo', 'to be said to') 'Memo la a datude hen.’ Here they say [something] about a beast. 'Memo datu hen.’ Here it is said that a beast exists [somewhere]. 'Memo datu a heni.’ It is said [by some, somewhere] that a beast exists here.
say excitedly	diito	V	EV
say happily	diito	V	EV
saying	fuli	N	I.
scald	tinasaavo	V	EV
scald	tinasaava	N	C.
scale	fudufi	N	W.	referring to scales from a lizard, snake or similar animal
scandal	ilukaini	N	I.
scar	divu	N	C.
scare	vandovo	V	EV
scaremongering	vomisa	N	I.	full definition: 'causing of a mass panic through fear-mongering or irresponsible handling of delicate information'
scarf	jodeku	N	C.	sometimes called 'ejotadeku' in older forms of the language
scarf	joteku	N	C.	Sitti Jutean
scatter	ilikio	V	EV
scene	joha	N	C.
scenery	joha	N	C.
scent	temosaivi	N	I.	referring to good smells
schedule	oonivo	V	EV
schedule	oonivi	N	I.
scheme	hajefa a toni	N	I.
scholar	fuumimo	N	I.
school	noitosanon	N	C.	for scholarly knowledge/formal education
school	fola	N	C.	historically, school classes often took places at beaches on large rocks, since it had many important subjects (waves, the ocean, fishing, the weather as well as many important animals) nearby
science	tonesani	N	I.
scientist	tonesanimo	N	C.
scissors	kiovialeke	N	C.
scold	nesatilovo ... a ukainide	V	EV
scoop	tasivo	N	C.
scorch	vuhoto	V	EV	used for the sun or similar celestial bodies, use for other sources of heat is uncommon
score	seo	V	EV	in sports or similar
scout	sondo	V	M	rarely 'sooto' in some dialects Unergative in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but ergative when the subject is inanimate. Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
scout	sondito	V	M	Large-scale, and/or systematic exploration or scouting. Unergative in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but ergative when the subject is inanimate. Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
scout	sonda	N	C.
scrape	taso	V	EV
scraper	tasivo	N	C.
scrapyard	eeovolan	N	C.
scratch	taso	V	EV	to scrape
scratch	hotio	V	EV	to carve (in)
scream	sianodo	V	EV	equivalent to 'to scream at'
scream	siado	V	UEV
screech	tulohi	N	I.	for screeching cries
screech	tuloho	V	IT
screen	johovahi	N	I.	Also used as a general term for the content that is displayed. Abbreviated as jv.
screw	aketantuk	N	C.
scroll	hotif a desofenefa	N	C.	sometimes shortened to just 'desofenefa'
scrub	kuselu	N	W.
sculpture	olumafi	N	C.	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
sea	saanu	N	W.
sea foam	saefa	N	C.
sea life	nuhuhaadu a saanu	N	W.
sea salt	tasake	N	C.
sea wave	saa	N	C.
sea wave	saami	N	C.	used for calm waves
seafloor	saanuvi	N	W.
seafood	hemesuuva	N	C.
seal	nas	N	I.	insignia
seal	uldo	V	EV	referring to sealing or filling gaps, holes etc.
sealife	nusaanu	N	W.
seam	dalki	N	C.
seaport	hokehuton	N	C.
search for	teko	V	EV
seashell	tusu	N	C.
season	dotohava	N	I.
seat	heton	N	C.
seawater	saava	N	C.	general term
seclude	linaho	V	EV
seclusion	linahohei	N	I.
secret	ejoti	N	I.	a mysterious secret of e.g. a location, rather than a nefarious or implicating secret
secret	miki	N	I.	secrets of a person, organisation etc. (e.g. hidden true motives, hidden parts of their identity)
secretary	lihotomo	N
secure	uso	V	EV
security	usimo	N	C.	referring to the security department of a place such as e.g. an airport, or security officers in general
security	usi	N	I.
sediment	taneu	N	C.
seduce	hedomido	V	EV
seduction	vikinivat	N	I.
see	joo	V	EV
seed	nike	N	C.
seed	niku	N	W.	used for seeds of jungle or other 'wild' plants
seem	hedojao	V	UEV	like 'to be' this takes one or two nouns in the direct case, and no direct objects.
seemingly	hedojae	ADV
seer	vamejotimo	N	C.
segment	kon	N	I.
seismology	tonesani a saauvu	N	I.
seizure	hedi	N	I.
seizure	tivuu	N	I.
select	hedado	V	EV
selection	hedadi	N	I.
self	saihodohei	N	I.	for illusionary/fake/imaginary selfs, i.e. something pretended or philosophically or religiously believed to not exist (as in e.g. Buddhism)
self	tai	N	I.
self-confidence	fesualumo	N	I.
semantics	nesanisini	N	I.
send	tovo	V	EV	Used to refer to a sending that has specifics targets. unlike for example, broadcasts.
send away	tovoheo	V	EV
send into space	daho	V	EV	context or additional objects can disambiguate if necessary 'Dahono Laika saumati ehe novade a ikide.’ Laika was sent into space by humans as the first animal.
sender	lihota	N	C.
sender	motovohe	N	C.	for anyone not sending something as a profession
sending	tovi	N	I.
sense	eehi	N	I.	Referring to the senses of a living being, like sight.
sense	dono	V	EV
sense of humour	melli	N	I.
sensory system	fuumivo	N	C.
sentence	hoti	N	I.
sentence	vuati	N	I.	'to sentence someone' would be translated with 'vuato li...' literally meaning 'to lay a weight on someone'
sentry	netumo	N	C.
separate	kilitio	V	EV
separation	kiliti	N	I.
sequence	todehenti	N	I.
series	todehenti	N	I.
seriousness	kiova	N	I.
servant	ama a netunede	N	C.	in a fort, castle or prison
serve	hotuvonito	V	EV	Referring to coerced work, e.g. of a slave.
serve food	utuko	V	EV	Intransitive meaning: 'be served (as food)', for example 'Utuko sedame' (A soup was served) Transitive/Antipassive: 'to serve (food)', for example 'Utukomo laf' (They serve food) or 'Utuko laf sedameti' (They serve a soup)
server	utukamo	N	C.
service	hokedi	N	I.
serving	kiovi	N	C.,I.
serving	onkifi	N	I.	referring to smaller servings or fillings
serving	onki	N	I.
set	jufo	V	EV
set	ite	N	I.
set in place	kio	V	EV	set things in place for a procedure, operation or task, at work or for a public event
set up	ito	V	EV	e.g. an internal organization, an archive, anything that has to do with data, documents, records or similar, especially when done for internal purposes or for a public archive
set up	kio	V	EV	to set up everything for a procedure, operation or task, either at work, or for a public event, e.g. an exhibition
set up	asijovo	V	EV	to organize and run an event or similar
settle	juto	V	EV	originally meant 'make part of one's home', now used with a wider meaning
settlement	non	N	C.	Used mostly for smaller settlements, marked speech when used for bigger ones.
settlement	nonaf	N	C.	used more for moderately large, somewhat sprawling settlements on the verge of becoming actual cities (marked speech when used for smaller ones) or when referring to several settlements in a region together (there more used in rural areas) Cities and towns are formed with the augmentative suffix instead, 'nonat'. 'Nonafat' would mean referring to all settlements in a very large region (like a state) and is rarely used.
settlement	juton	N	C.	More general than 'non', which refers more to settlements as in village/dwelling
settling	jutai	N	I.
seven	kiif-leke	NUM
sever	tofo	V	EV
several	kiovuf	DET	W.	referring to multiple wild/dangerous things, for example in a jungle. Can overlap with 'haad' (many) when talking about an average number (10-20) of small items. Which one is used would depend on whether the speakers thinks of the amount as a lot or not.
several	kiovif	DET	C.,I.	referring to multiple familiar, abstract and unknown/unknowable things, but not wild/dangerous ones Can overlap with 'haad' (many) when talking about an average number (10-20) of small items. Which one is used would depend on whether the speakers thinks of the amount as a lot or not.
severing	tof	N	C.
sew	dalko	V	EV
shade	ejota	N	C.
shadow	ejota	N	C.
shake	femelo	V	EV
shake	ijotovo	V	EV
shake awake	ijotovo	V	EV
shaman	sanuhotimo	N	C.
shame	ilukaino	V	EV
shame	ilukaini	N	I.
shampoo	savivo a loja	N	C.
shape	mati	N	I.
shape	mato	V	EV
shard	amda	N	C.
share	kiovi	N	C.,I.
share	kiovo	V	EV
shark	fetu	N	W.
sharpness	kiova	N	I.
shatter	kummato	V	EV
shatter	amdo	V	EV
shave	kenivo	V	EV
shear	kenivo	V	EV
shed	teluofo	V	UEV	tears only
sheep	ake	N	C.
sheet of paper	ikoma a jehiooni	N	C.
shelf	uila	N	C.
shell	fudu	N	W.	referring to the shells of animals, e.g. a snail, or any hard shell of fruits or nuts
shelter	udimon	N	C.	what you grant friends and other people in need of a place to sleep
shelter	mudasin	N	C.	a designated place to shelter a larger amount of people, e.g. a sanctuary
shelter	ejotano	V	EV
shelter	ejotan	N	C.	a simple cover that provides minimum protection against e.g. wind or rain
shepherd	akemo	N	C.
shield	netumivo	N	C.
shine	vuho	V	IT	used for the sun or similar celestial bodies
shine	voono	V	EV	Not used for the sun, but for the moon and other astral bodies as well as other smaller light sources (like a torch or flashlight) that don't create light so bright it makes the night as bright as day.
ship	kiovasaa	N	C.
ship	kiovasaavat	N	C.	a notably large ship
shipper	vattimo	N	C.
shipping container	helsehat	N	C.
shirt	fesos	N	C.
shiver	ilvufano	V	UEV
shoe	jeke	N	C.
shoot	elkoo	V	EV	for bows and similar weapons
shoot	senilo	V	EV
shooting star	fueda (a vuhifin)	N	I.
shop	hokedon	N
shop	hemen	N	C.	usually for stores that are exclusively or mostly offering food
shore	ves	N	C.
shore	vesu	N	W.	for wild, dangerous and/or uninhabited shores
shore	otu	N	W.	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar that is dangerous to approach because it has predatory animals or some other danger there
short time	doonifi	N	I.
shortcoming	loloi	N	I.	mostly, but not exclusively in amount, as in for example: 'We're experiencing a lack of skilled labor/important resources/etc.'
shorten	kenivo	V	EV
shortness	keni	N		shortness as opposed to tallness
shoulder	etto	N	C.
shout	tesohi	N	I.
shout	tesoho	V	EV
shovel	mikivo	N	C.
shovel	mikivo	V	EV
show	vunoja	N	C.	referring to TV shows and similar
show	asi	N	I.	talk shows, game shows, anything that would usually be called an 'event' if not on TV
show	vunojo	V	EV
show	masijo	V	EV
show compassion for	udo	V	EV
showcase	masija	N	C.
shower	vailisaa	N	C.	For showers using modern plumbing. Other ones use 'fofeivo'
shower	fofeivo	N	C.	A shower that doesn't use modern plumbing but a more simpler way, possibly just a bucket of water poured over yourself or someone else
shred	seko	V	EV
shriek	iiko	V	UEV
shrine	moomon	N	C.	shrines with a priest or meditation teacher working or living in or close to them
shrine	moin	N
shrink	ilhaado	V	EV
shrinking	ilhaadi	N	I.
shrub	mosel	N	C.	smaller shrubs and bushes
shudder	femelo	V	EV
shut away	linaho	V	EV
shut up	motevo	V	T	the transitive meaning of the ergative verb 'motevo' (intransitive: to be silent)
sibling	nulua	N	C.	any sibling
sibling	nuluat	N	C.	Casual, referring to an older sibling
sibling	nuluafi	N	C.	Casual, referring to a younger sibling
sickness	ilikimat	N	I.
side	unda	N	C.	referring to the body part
side	ninva	N	I.	1) a larger part of a physical place, as in 'this side of the forest', not the edge of something (see 'neti' for that) and not just referring to/implying being a half of one thing (as for example, 'one side of the paper') 2) also used to mean 'standpoint, perspective, view of something' (see 'There are many sides to this/in this argument') Used with 'nuhe' ('for')
side	neti	N	I.	the narrow edge of something, as in 'side of the street'
sigh	osaha	N	C.
sigh	osaho	V	UEV
sight	joha	N	I.
sight	jai	N	I.
sign	vunoji	N	I.
sign	hotitaio	V	EV	when referring to signing documents or giving signatures in general
sign	vunoja	N	C.	e.g a traffic sign, or anything else that is a physical item
signal	ijotiva	N	I.	something transmitted, i.e. the 'content' of a transmission
signature	hotitai	N	I.
significance	sini	N	I.
significant other	fumodiamo	N	C.	used only if you aren't married (yet)
signpost	vunoja	N	C.
silence	motevo	V	T	the transitive meaning of the ergative verb 'motevo' (intransitive: to be silent)
silence	motevi	N	I.	'No doonifi motevi' There is/was a moment of silence. (be moment silence)
silent forest	dovanuuvi	N	W.	translates to 'empty trees', silent forests with no birds singing or similar
silliness	lemusa	N	I.
silliness	lemusa	N	I.
silt	neu	N	C.
silt	taneu	N	C.
silver	tusa	N	C.
similarity	ehei	N	I.
similarly	ehe	ADV
simplicity	uum	N	I.
simply	uume	ADV
simultaneously	doonivave	ADV
simultaneousness	doonivava	N	I.
since	une	ADP		temporal
since	todehente	C		because
sing	uivo	V	EV	intransitive meaning: be sung, or be sung about
singer	uivimo	N	C.
sink	tuuvo	V	EV
sink	soasavi	N	C.
sit	heto	V	UEV
situation	ani	N	I.
six	kiif-iki	NUM
size	haad	N	I.
skeleton	vutamataf	N	C.
skid	viiho	V	UEV
skill	amesani	N	I.
skin	mada	N	C.
skin	hooja	N	C.
skip	deo	V	EV
skull	vattofa	N	C.
sky	saanuhuu	N	C.
skyscraper	doviat	N	C.
slacker	amma	N	C.
slaughter	kiovono	V	EV
slave	hotuvonit	N	C.
slavery	hotuvoniti	N	I.
sleep	mihinido	V	UEV
sleep with	femaso	V	UEV	used together with the 'ude' (with) preposition
sleeper	mihinidomo	N	C.
sleeplessness	mihinidoldi	N	I.
slice	utukiva	N	C.
slice	dakko	V	EV
slice	dakka	N	C.	usually referring to rougher slices, especially from things that aren't round
slide	viiho	V	UEV
slide ruler	tikkivo	N	I.	First counting and mathematical operations in Jute were done by laying sticks in orderly heaps and adding/taking away from them.
slightly	ifi	ADV		also used as a diminutive suffix
sling	ijotivo	N	C.
slip	viiho	V	UEV
slipperiness	leso	N	I.
slowly	feete	ADV
slowness	feet	N	I.
slurp	viiho	V	EV
small forest animal	fomkava	N	W.	small animals living in the undergrowth, like insects, worms, spiders, snails, rodents, small predators
smallerness	ilhaada	N	I.
smallestness	ilhaadat	N	I.
smallness	ilhaad	N
smallness	sivua	N	I.	more like 'tinyness' actually, but can also sometimes used to refer to a broader kind of 'smallness'
smash	tammo	V	EV
smear	vikino	V	EV
smell	deki a enade	N	I.	often the 'a' and 'enade' are conflated in speech
smell	doneni	N	I.
smell	deko	V	EV	for disambiguation purposes, 'ude enade' (with nose) can be added
smell good	temosaivo	V	UEV
smile	jaafuko	V	UEV
smoke	keva	N	C.
smoothness	kelami	N	I.
smudge	tuomo	V	EV
snack	favefafo	V	EV
snack	favefafi	N	C.
snake	udelsolka	N	W.
snake	udelsolkat	N	W.	used for larger or particularly dangerous snakes
sneak	tatiovenalo	V	UEV
sneakily	tatiovenale	ADV
sneaking	tatiovenali	N	I.
sneeze	kelio	V	UEV
snipe	elkahoto	V	EV
sniper	elkahoti	N	C.	also used for snipers with rifles, or similar weapons, not just archers
snivel	teluo	V	UEV
snore	heloo	V	UEV
snow	tuul	N	W.
snuggle	navo	V	EV
so	li	C		'so' as in 'in order to', for example: 'I went to bed early so I wouldn't be tired in the morning'. Not as in 'as a result', for example: 'I was tired, so I went to bed' or similar. Followed by a gerund (verb + -hi)
so	uji	I		the ‘so’ in e.g. ‘so, what do we do now?’ or 'so what'
so	ke	ADV		very
so	ehe ji	C		separated by a comma from the following sentence
so much	kehaa	ADV
soak	unoso	V	EV
soap	savivo	N		or anything else used in the function of soap
sob	teluofi	N	I.	soft, quieter crying
sob	teluofo	V	UEV
social issue	haa a nonaf	N	I.
socialism	sahai a amafe	N	I.
society	joomi	N	I.
sociology	tonesani a nonaf	N	I.
sock	kemi	N	C.
sock	ejotamatta	N	C.
soft inside of bread	mesetaneva	N	C.
softness	musuu	N	I.
soil	uuva	N	C.
soil	oenava	N	C.	Referring to some soil or earth, not soil or earth in general. Can also be used to talk about the material of which soil is made up.
soil	vikino	V	EV	ruin by making dirty
soil	oena	N	C.	While 'uuva' also can mean 'soil', it's more often used to mean 'ground, bottom', and 'oena' is the closer translation of 'soil' in most cases.
soil	oenu	N	W.	The soil or earth in the jungle.
solar eclipse	fejota a vuhade	N	C.	often shortened to 'fejota' unless that would be too ambiguous.
solar energy	amivi a vuha	N	I.
solar system	olumu a vuha	N	W.
solar wind	saa ove vuha	N	I.
soldier	ufena	N	C.
soldier	etimo	N	C.	Using 'etimo' implies disapproval of the rebellion or group of fighters, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
solid	mati	N	I.	a geometrical solid
solution	evotiki	N	I.	Mathematical problems
some	kiovuf	DET	W.	referring to multiple (up to 5 with bigger items, 10 with average-sized items and roughly 20 with smaller items) wild/dangerous things, for example in a jungle
some	mane	DET		referring in particular to quantity, or used with uncountable nouns like 'substance'
some	kiovif	DET	C.,I.	referring to multiple (up to 5 with bigger items, 10 with average-sized items and roughly 20 with smaller items) familiar, abstract and unknown/unknowable things, but not wild/dangerous ones
some day	idate	ADV
some time	donive	ADV
someone	sainiki	P
something	kiovihe	P	I.	for abstract and unknown things (that aren't wilderness-related)
something	kiove	P	C.	Used for known, graspable things.
something	kivuhe	P	W.	older variant 'kiovuhe' still is sometimes used, too
sometime	kiovoone	ADV
sometimes	donakiovif	ADV
somewhat	ifi	ADV		also used as a diminutive suffix
somewhat	tonije	ADV
somewhere	kioven	ADV
song	uivi	N	I.
soon	idenatifi	ADV
soon	inatife	ADV
sorcerer	vamejotimo	N	C.
sorry	mohomo	I		More colloquial version, the more formal one is 'mohomohomoo!' ('forgive!', 'reconcile!')
sort	kio	V	EV
sorting	iti	N	I.
sound	tesoho	V	EV
sound	tesoha	N	C.
soup	hemetaha	N	C.
source	sundon	N	C.	a water well, spring or similar
source of water	teka a saava	N	C.
sourness	mello	N	I.
south	uhee	N	I.	The sun rises in the north for Jute (being on the southern hemisphere), so going southwards would be going away from the sun during the day.
southward	uhee	ADV		The sun rises in the north for Jute (being on the southern hemisphere), so going southwards would be going away from the sun during the day.
souvenir	vi a nesatili	N	I.	Despite being both known and mostly used for physical items (though it's possible to refer to immaterial souvenirs as well with this phrase), it has the abstract/immaterial gender, since that is the gender of 'vi', 'unknown/unspecified thing, entity or stuff' which has that gender because the abstract/immaterial gender is also used for all unknown/unspecified things, even when they are existent in the physical world.
sovereignty	foinonaf	N	I.
soy	lei	N	C.
soybean	nike a lei	N	C.
space	dahe	N	I.	Usually refers to a designated, visibly limited area.
space	saanuvuhifi	N	W.
space	dahe	N	I.
space	foin	N	I.	Land that is not visibly limited by any boundaries and is free from anything else suppressing freedom of movement or other liberties. Used for example in politics or philosophy.
space out	daho	V	IT	sometimes used together with 'etevi hen' (abstract ‘away from here’) to reduce ambiguity
spaceport	himminan	N	C.
spaceship	vailita nuhe vuhifinede	N	C.
spark	keleo	V	UEV
spark	kelea	N	C.
sparkle	vonofi	V	UEV
sparrow	suut	N	W.
spasm	tivuu	N	I.
speak	tahivio	V	EV
speak	tahivo	V	EV	Requires a direct object when used with personal pronouns referring to humans, which can't be direct objects themselves.
speak confidently	tahio	V	UEV
speaker	fula	N	C.
speaker	tahivia	N	C.	a speaker of a given language
speaker	vailitahiva	N	C.	device for playing sound
speaker	nuudekomo	N	C.	speaker in a parliament, senate, council or a private club (anything that doesn't involve the entire public or is open to participation to the entire public)
speaker	lihotafamo	N	C.	a speaker at any assemblies or events that involve the entire public or are open to participation to the entire public, not for councils, senates, private meetings or clubs etc.
spear	tikavet	N	C.	sometimes also used to refer to arrows
spear	tik a kiova	N	C.
special occasion	doonat	N	I.
special unit	amafiit	N	C.
specialness	tai	N	I.
species	ilehu	N	W.
spectator	huja	N	C.	of e.g. a play
spectre	jiikamo	N	I.
speculate	haadoko	V	EV
speculation	haadoki	N	I.
speech	tahivi	N	I.
speech	tahi	N	I.	in general
speed	vuu	N	I.	a prepared speech or story
spell	lumo a tesoama	N	I.
spend	vo	V	EV
sphere	utuki	N	I.
sphere of ideas	vin	N	I.	the traditional philosophical-mythological sphere of abstract ideas, geometric forms, mandalas and colors, with the divine numbers above all.
spherical thing	utuki	N	I.
sphericalness	utuki	N	I.
spice	nemiva	N	C.
spice	nemivo	V	EV
spice	keseha	N	C.	referring to food mixtures that are used as seasoning, e.g. powdered stock or spice mixtures like curry
spiciness	tisi	N	I.
spider	mevad	N	W.
spin	lesuko	V	EV
spin	sivio	V	T	requires a transitive use, so needs to be followed by a word referring to the fiber being spun, e.g. 'jute' (jute fiber) or 'evanuusuva' (wool fiber)
spinach	jute a Valedina	N	C.
spindle	siivo	N	C.
spine	usamat	N	C.
spinner	siviomo	N	C.
spinning wheel	utukiva a dalkiva	N	C.
spirit	fesua	N	I.
spirit	fesua	N	C.	for good and/or helpful, not chaotic or evil spirits
spiritual guide	moomo	N	C.
spiritual realm	sanuhoti	N	I.	Traditionally, a separate spiritual realm was not believed to exist, and spirits believed to be either invisible, shy or hidden physical beings, however later contact with other religions and other developments have changed that to some extent.
spirituality	ejotifi	N	I.	Of a person, the feeling or state of being spiritual
spirituality	ejotifivi	N	I.	Of a religion or similar, allowing for or inducing feelings of spirituality
split	kiovo	V	EV
spoil	mellovo	V	EV
spoilage	mellovi	N	I.	Has the 'immaterial/abstract' gender because it's a generic term, which also is covered by that gender.
spokesperson	nuudekomo	N	C.
sponge	lonta	N	C.
spoon	tasivo	N	C.
spork	vivieme	N	C.
spot	dahe	N	I.	some specific space/location
spouse	nodesaina	N	C.
sprawl	oeedovo	V	UEV
spread	unosi	N	C.	a spread used for sandwiches etc.
spread	esoo	V	EV
spread out	esoo	V	EV
spread wood chippings	helko	V	EV	The direct object would be the source of the chippings, so that in intransitive sentences 'helko' would translate to 'be spread like wood chippings from'. Can also refer to other kinds of chippings.
spring	edoja	N	C.	a spring of water, oil or similar, used when it was found by chance, and not after a deliberate search
spring	teka	N	C.	a spring of water, oil or similar, used when it was found after a deliberate search, not by chance
spring	sundoha	N	C.	e.g. a water fountain or spring, both constructed and natural ones
spring	teka a saava	N	C.	a spring of water, found after a deliberate search
sprinkle water on	unosifo	V	EV
sprout	luusa	N	C.
sprout	luuso	V	UEV	'to sprout something' would be translated with 'matio' (to form)
spruce	ujin	N	C.
spy	mikojo	V	EV
spy	mikojomo	N	C.
square	fumotileke a nihi	N	I.	the geometric shape
square	fuumon	N	C.	a town or village center
squeak	jiiko	V	UEV	referring to noise made by inanimate objects or otherworldly beings
squeak	jiik	N	I.	referring to noise made by inanimate objects or otherworldly beings
stab	tiko	V	EV	with a stick or similar
stab	duso	V	EV	with teeth or a sting
stable	tunamova	N	C.
stack	masovo	V	EV
stage	doniva	N	I.
stairs	tovivo	N	C.
stake	tiko	V	EV
stalk	ufeno	V	EV
stalk	nuovano	V	EV	'stalk' as in 'stalk prey'
stand	masija	N	C.
stand	dovo	V	UEV	(inspired by Ashashiila 'zaræthu', stand)
stand behind	sehuko	V	EV
stand up to	dovo te	V	UEV
stand up to	ildeso te	V	UEV
star	vuhifi	N	I.	I. gender because it was unknown and originally not realized to be a fully physical object
starch	fummai	N	C.
stare at	hotio	V	EV
starfish	kiifava	N	W.
start	vuno	V	EV
start	novo	V	EV	Has the meaning of 'launch, initiate', not 'create, make' (which would be 'vuno') Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project, business or club, or when talking about starting a car or similar vehicle
start	vuni	N	I.
start	novi	N	I.	Has the meaning of 'launch, initiation', not 'creation, making' (which would be 'vuni') Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project or club.
start a business	novo	V	EV
start a fire	tisefo	V	EV
start growing	luuso	V	UEV	'to sprout something' would be translated with 'matio' (to form)
state	ani	N	I.
statement	tahivi	N	I.
statistic	kilvunif	N	I.	specifically, an agglomeration of them, rarely used to refer to a single one
status quo	ani hen	N	I.
stay	hono	V	UEV
steal	hedoheo	V	EV	(remove from its proper place, like a statue from a temple or taking important natural resources abroad with no permission)
stealth	tatiovenali	N	I.
steam	hofa	N	C.
steel	teeten	N	C.
steer	nojo	V	EV
stem cell	matavafi a nike	N	C.
stench	famovi	N	I.
step	leto	V	UEV
step	leta	N	C.
step	leti	N	I.
step away from	letevo	V	EV
step on	lejovo	V	EV
step up	lejovo	V	EV
stew	sedame	N	C.	also used for porridge and other thick foods made in a pot
stew	sedalada	N	C.	jute stew (similar to e.g. Mulukhiyah)
steward	noitotimo	N	C.
stewardship	noitoti	N	I.
stick	kuha	N	C.	a long stick of wood (or other material) that has been processed to be straight and slim
stick	mola	N	C.	referring to bigger sticks
stick	tik	N	C.
stick together	tahadovo	V	EV
stickiness	tahadovi	N	I.
stifle	hotuvo	V	EV
still	hehe	ADV
sting	duso	V	EV
stink	famovi	N	I.
stink	famovo	V	UEV
stitch	dalki	N	C.
stitch	kuvo	V	EV	Usually referring to rougher, less fine work than 'dalko' (to sew, stitch together)
stitch together	dalko	V	EV
stock	uilo	V	EV	a ditransitive verb like 'to give', requires no prepositions for the indirect object
stomach	velu	N	C.	lower chest/upper belly, seen as a separate body part
stomp	letato	V	UEV
stone	vata-	AFF		can be shortened to 'vat' in some dialects
stone	vuhata	N	C.	'vuati' (weight) is derived from this word
stone axe	vatakiova	N	C.
stop	ilvutio	V	EV	to stop an activity
stop	ilvutovo	V	EV	to cause to stop an activity of someone or something
stop	ilvuti	N	I.	interruption of a journey or something else
stop	ilvuton	N	C.	bus stop or similar
stop	ilvuto	V	UEV	to stop movement
store	hokedon	N
store	hemen	N	C.	usually for stores that are exclusively or mostly offering food
store	uilo	V	EV	a ditransitive verb like 'to give', requires no prepositions for the indirect object (the place the direct object is stored in)
storeroom	uilan	N	C.
storm	huusu	N	W.
storm	fivuavan	N	W.	storm (mostly) on land, or from land
storm	fivoo	V	EV
storm at sea	fivou	N	W.
story	tahi	N	I.
storyteller	tahimo	N	C.
storytelling	tahimi	N	I.
stove	favon	N	C.
straightness	ildesi	N	I.
strangely	ilike	ADV
strangeness	iliki	N	I.	a somewhat judgmental term, similar to ‘strange’ in the sense of ‘confusing, disturbing’
strangeness	ilninvi	N	I.	a more neutral term, more similar to 'strange’ in the sense of ‘odd, weird’
stream	tahoonifu	N	W.	smaller rivers or similar in a jungle
stream	tahoonifi	N	C.	smaller rivers or similar
stream	fofuuva	N	C.
street	tonat	N	C.
street lantern	vuhefefa a tonat	N	C.
strength	lumo	N	I.
strength	lumomat	N	I.	Physical power or strength only.
strengthen	haadovo lumoti	V	T
stress	netuuni	N	I.
stretch	daho	V	IT	only used in intransitive sentences with 'at ... li' to mean 'to stretch from ... to' 'Daho nonaf at netede li dovunede.’ The settlements stretch from the coast to the jungle.
stretch	kilito	V	EV
stretch oneself	ammo	V	UEV	in order to relax or after waking up, not as part of exercising
stretch oneself	kilitohe	V	UEV	for the purpose of exercising
stretcher	mason a vatteei	N	C.
strike	tefo	V	EV	referring to 'strike' in phrases like 'the clocks were striking twelve'
strike	seo	V	EV
strike	vetto	V	EV
strike	sei	N	I.
string	kanafi	N	C.	usually long or very flexible, like a smaller rope, or the threads of a rope
string	sikulu	N	C.	usually shorter or less flexible, more similar to a twig, cord, ribbon
strive towards	mohomoo	V	EV
stroll	sondi	N	I.
structure	oluma	N	C.	a (physical) construction, particularly buildings, bridges etc.
structure	mati	N	I.	referring to an (underlying) form, not any kind of construction such as a shed
structure	olumafi	N	C.	small construction or structure, like a doghouse or some art installation
struggle	tehomi	N	I.	refers to a fight, struggle or rebellion that can be more metaphorical, and is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
student	fuumimo	N	I.
studio	hotion	N	C.
study	fuumi	N	I.	non-scientific study
study	noitosano	V	EV	intransitive sentences only, for scholarly knowledge/formal education
study	saihon	N	C.	referring to the room, not the activity
study	fuumi	N	I.	not just in the sense of 'a recent study shows that...', but also encompassing any kind of scholarly undertaking
study	fuumo	V	EV
study hard	jaso	V	EV
studying	fuumi	N	I.
stuff	va	N	C.	for stuff/things you know about
stuff	vi	N	I.	For unspecified stuff, or stuff you don't know about
stuff	onko	V	EV
stump	kaat	N	C.
stun	molo	V	EV
stupidity	ilajeohi	N	I.	General ignorance, especially for those who think they know a lot, but are sorely mistaken, or for those who think that 'knowing things' is not as useful as a fist. The 'annoying' kind of ignorance, often defying attempts at correction/education.
sturdiness	dovi	N	I.
sturgeon	daike	N	C.
style	toni	N	I.	Not limited to fashion-related uses.
stylus	hotivo	N	C.
subatomic particle	vifi	N	I.	sometimes specified as 'vifi a viva' (particle of atom)
subconscious	sainu	N	W.
subdue	lumadoo	V	EV
subject	va	N	I.	The broad subject of a talk, discussion, field of study, etc. 'Linguistics', 'Sports', 'Plans for tomorrow' are broad topics. 'The winning strategy of our team' and 'The trip to the mountains tomorrow' are more specific topics and would use 'sinitahi'.
subject	sinitahi	N	I.	the specific subject of a talk, discussion etc.
subject	nesaniva	N	I.	for school subjects, fields of studies or similar stress on the last syllable to distinguish it from 'nesaniva' (physics/chemistry)
subject	ama	N	I.
submarine	vailita a saanuva	N	C.
submerge	unoso	V	EV	to submerge in water
substance	va a eehi	N	C.	any substance carrying out a function that has an effect in its surroundings or in the system it is in
substance	va	N	C.
substantialness	va	N	I.
substitute	jufeho	V	EV
substitute	jufehi	N	I.
subtraction	hedohei	N	I.
succeed	lomoho	V	IT	only used intransitively
succeed at	amefoko	V	EV
succeed in	amefoko	V	EV
succeed with	amefoko	V	EV
success	amefoke	N	I.
successfully	amefokee	ADV
succession	todehenti	N	I.
successor	todentia	N	C.	sometimes 'todentiamo' to differentiate from the meaning 'next thing' or 'that which is next', which is formed the same way
suck	emtoo	V	EV
suddenly	tatiovenale	ADV
suddenly	siovanale	ADV
suffer	ilikimo	V	EV
suffering	ilikimi	N	I.
suffering	lumadou	N	I.	Suffering under oppression.
suffice	lo	V	IT
suffice	onko	V	UEV	when used with liquids in intransitive sentences
sufficiency	lii	N	I.
suffocate	hedoheo huuti	V	EV
sugar	kim	N	C.
suggest	hao sahaamo	V	EV
suicide	ilvuninohi he	N	I.
sum	mekohefa	N	I.
summon	tesohofo	V	EV
sun	ammo	V	UEV
sun	vuha	N	I.
Sun	vuha	PPR	C.
sunflower	tekulse	N	C.
sunflower oil	menesa a tekulse	N	C.
sunflower seed	nike a tekulse	N	C.
sunglasses	jivo nuhe vuha	N	C.
sunlight	vuhova	N	I.
sunray	savuha	N	C.
sunrise	edoivuhi	N	I.
sunset	ijavuhi	N	I.
supernova	tisolumi a vuhifi	N	I.
supplies	nunova	N	C.
supply	edovova	N	I.
supply	edovo	V	EV
support	vunojo	V	EV	to support a theory or belief or point towards a particular conclusion
support	udimi	N	I.	support provided to a person, or other living being
support	udimo	V	EV	provide assistance to someone or a living being
support	uso	V	EV	provide a foundation or scaffolding, e.g. for a building
support	udimivo	N	I.	something that helps with a particular activity or task, or in a particular situation
suppress	hotuvo	V	EV	Also used for e.g. languages or religions, including with not physically violent means like censorship or psychological warfare.
suppress	noito motevo	V	EV
suppress	netuuno	V	EV	To suppress painful, awkward or embarrassing memories, thoughts or feelings
suppression	hotuvi	N	I.
suppression	dahohi	N	I.	Commonly used together with these words: 'dahohi a tahivade' – 'suppression of words' 'dahohi a vunojade/nioonide' – 'suppression of a show/movie' 'dahohi a hotifide' – 'suppression of a book' Not used when talking about the suppression of people, a language or a religion (use 'hotuvohi' for that)
supremacy	nohefi	N	I.
surf	mohoso	V	EV	sometimes translated as 'to balance on the water', not requiring any adpositions
surfboard	umtivo	N	C.
surfing	mohosaa	N	I.	also known as 'balancing on the waves'
surplus	oosa	N	C.
surprise	ilsahasi	N	I.
surrender	nohea	N	I.
surrender	noheo	V	EV
surround	feno	V	EV
surrounding	feni	N	I.
survive	eono	V	UEV
sustain	honijo	V	EV
sustenance	nuamivi	N	C.
sustenance	honiji	N	I.
swamp	fenvolka	N	W.	subtropical and tropical swamps
swamp forest	dovunuuso	N	W.	especially subtropical and tropical swamp forests
sweat	miiso	V	UEV
sweetie	dififi	N	C.
sweetness	sommu	N	I.
sweets	somma	N	C.
swell	duvo	V	UEV
swelling	duva	N	C.	any kind of liquid that has turned solid or coagulated
swim	sao	V	IT	when used in intransitive sentences
swimming	sai	N	I.
swimming spot	sain	N	C.
swirl	saanemtufi	N	C.
swirl	saanemto	V	IT
sword	sitili	N	C.
syllabary	hotivaf	N	I.
syllable	kiovi	N	I.	sometimes lengthened to 'kiovi a tesoha', 'portion of sound'
symbol	vunojehi	N	I.
symmetry	nihi	N	I.	referring to perfect or the maximum amount of symmetry
syndicate	amafe	N	C.
syrup	eevuhu a afui	N	C.
system	vaaki	N	I.
systematically	kie	ADV
tab	kivo	N	C.	any physical objects that are used for ordering or organizing of a large amount of things, such as tabs in folders or separators in a bookshelf. Not for things of which you usually only use one, like a personal organizer.
tab	kivo	N	I.
table	masija	N	C.
table	okion	N	C.
tail	vahava	N	C.
take	hedo	V	EV
take apart	ilejoto	V	EV	not used in the sense of taking away something from someone, but more in the sense of removing a cover or case.
take away	hedoheo	V	EV	unjustified or illegal taking away, stealing
take away	tavuheo	V	EV	when talking about things or persons that shouldn't be in the place the speaker is talking about, or that were or are being removed
take away	ilejoto	V	EV	not used in the sense of taking away something from someone, but more in the sense of removing a cover or case.
take away responsibility	ilvuato	V	EV
take care	mudaso	V	EV
take care of	mudaso	V	EV
take delight in	sovio	V	EV	intransitive meaning 'lead to rejoicing, be enjoyed very much'
take for granted	sahasio	V	IR
take hostage	noitadovo	V	EV
take in	tano	V	EV
take off	noheo	V	UEV	Takes the 'at' (locative from) preposition.
take off	ilejoto	V	EV
take over	hedoheo	V	EV
take place	asijo	V	UEV
taking	hedi	N	I.
taking a lot of time	teo dooni ehe nuhe siviohi	PHR
talent	ehaani	N	I.
talk	tahodeni	N	I.
talk	tahi	N	I.
talk	tahoo	V	UEV
talk to	taholo	V	EV	Ergative version of the unergative 'tahoo' (to talk)
tame	ilvano	V	EV
tamper	ilvuhivo	V	EV	tamper with something to hide a part or whole (e.g a line on a document, use lighting to not show something, etc.)
tangle	kuselo	V	EV
tape	itikoma	N	C.
target	tefi	N	I.	A goal you set out and usually hope to be able to fulfill.
target	vetton	N	C.	Physically existing targets for archery and the like.
target	seavi	N	C.	A target in archery, another sport or something similar, casual
target	sea	N	C.	A target in archery, another sport or something similar
target	hotio	V	EV	used for guns, especially things like sniping, where the trajectory resembles more of a straight line
target	elkoo	V	EV	for bows and similar weapons, distinguished from 'elkoo' (to shoot) by context, adverbs or additional verbs like 'nuheo' (to try)
target	nojo ... vettonede	V	EV	Ellipsis gets replaced by the subject. Physically existing targets for archery and the like. Abstract/immaterial aims or targets use 'tefide' instead.
tariff	eveset	N	I.
task	amiva	N	I.
taste	nemi	N	I.
taste	eehi nuhe nemohi	N	I.	in more casual speech often shortened to something like 'eei nuemohi' or 'eehi ne-emo(h)i'
taste	nemo	V	EV
tavern	tahoin	N	C.
tax	nuokeda a noitohi	N	I.
tax	noito nuokeda	V	UEV	that which is taxed is preceded by a 'nuhe' (for) and takes the oblique case
tea	les	N	C.
teach	noitosano	V	T	transitive sentences only, for scholarly knowledge/formal education
teach	donosano	V	T	not used for formal education, but for things like 'teach someone a (life) lesson' in transitive sentences
teach a skill	amesano	V	EV
teacher	noitosanimo	N	C.
teaching	noitosani	N	I.
team	amafe	N	C.
tear	usoliva	N	C.	referring to tears cried
tear	fesoo	V	EV
tear to shreds	fesoo	V	EV
tease	felto	V	EV
technical drawing	okiofe	N	C.
technique	tonami	N	I.
technology	tonami	N	I.	A single technology, like writing.
technology	nesanivahi	N	I.	When talking about technology in general.
telegraph	juntano	V	EV
telegraph	juntane	N	C.	sometimes also referred to as 'juntanivo'
telephone	sinivo	N	C.
telephone call	sinivi	N	I.
telescope	asoivuhifivo	N	C.
television	vailivunojo	N	C.	'vailihuujo' ('watching machine') is a variant sometimes used
tell	tesohovo	V	EV	for more important things, similar to announcements
tell	fulo	V	UEV	takes the 'nuhe' preposition when specifying who is being told or talked to
tell	nuudeko	V	EV
tell a story	tahio	V	UEV
tell someone to	memo	AUX	IR	Used only with other verbs like an auxiliary. 'No' (to be) is generally avoided, instead it is often combined with 'ho' (remain), 'hono' (stay), 'evotono' (become) or another verb. Can be both transitive (X tells Y to do something) or intransitive (Y was told to do something). even in combination with unergative verbs, similar to using a causative verb like 'noito' with an unergative verb. Memo sao la – They are told to swim. Memo sao ta he la – I tell them to swim. Memo homo la – They are told to hold [the/an unspecified event] Memo teo vuo Ales he ta. – Alex tells me (I have) to run. 'teo' here is only used for emphasis and to add urgency and can be omitted. Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to e.g. either the time someone was told to do something or the time they heard about it. Alternatively, e.g. where they are supposed to do something, or where someone was told to do something, or where that demand or similar (if it exists physically, e.g. as a letter) currently is located. To specifically refer to the time, place etc. when or where they were supposed to do something, 'nuhe' (for) can be used, whereas 'at' (from) is used for the time or place they were told to do something. Context, some other adpositions or an additional sentence can also disambiguate. In some cases an adjectival noun can also provide clarification. Memo vuo la dote. – Earlier, they were told to run. / They were told to run at an earlier time. Memo vuo la dote. Moji, hokono vuo la in vunuhi netie. – [...], but they can only run tomorrow (and not earlier). Memo vuo saini a dote – The previous person is told to run. Memo vuo la hen. – Here, they are told to run. / They are told to run here (in this place.) Memo vuo li/nuhe henide – They are told to run towards here. (lit. 'to/for here') Memo homo la nuhe henide. – They are told to hold (an unspecified event) here. (lit. 'for here') Memo homo la at henide – Here, they are told to hold (an unspecified event in an unspecified location, lit. 'from here') Memo homo saini a heni. – The people (from) here were told to hold (an unspecified event)
tell the truth	nuo ... tavaniti	V	EV	A subject is not mandatory, if a subject is missing, the sentence reads 'a/the truth is told', but the 'ti' indirect case marking suffix needs to be omitted in that case.
temperate forest	oeedova a kesato	N	C.	referring to forests in temperate climates that are 'dry' as opposed to rainforests in tropical climates
temperature	vanifiva	N	I.
temple	moon	N	C.
tempt	ijaino	V	EV
temptation	ijaini	N	I.	something tempting that is regarded negatively, seen as deceiving
temptation	vikinivat	N	I.	something tempting that is regarded positively, like an indulgence
ten	leke-kiivi	NUM
tend to	haado	V	EV	for plants in a garden or gardens in general
tend to	amotilo	V	EV
tendency to give up easily	tohodi	N	I.
tendon	kaana a take	N	C.	sometimes shortened to 'kaanatake'
tent	mihonon a dela	N	C.	spelling variant: 'mihonondela'
terrible smell	doneni a desofenofi	N	I.	usually referring to a smell that makes you cringe or is physically painful
terrify	vandovo	V	EV
terror bird	hejalu	N	W.
test	havandova	N	I.
test	havando	V	EV
testament	jodaini	N	I.
tetrahedron	mati a du	N	I.
text	hotif	N	I.
than	ilehe	ADP
thank	ukaino	V	EV	'to thank for' is 'ukaino nuhe'
thanks	uke	I		neutral or more informal, formal would use 'ukainot na/fan' ('you shall be honored')
that	jahu	P	W.	Distal
that	jaha	P	C.	Distal
that	jahi	P	I.	Distal
that	jim	P	I.	Medial, also used as determiner
that	jam	P	C.	Medial, also used as determiner
that	jum	P	W.	Medial, also used as determiner
thaw	felo	V	EV
the more, the merrier	saini haade, mello haade	PHR
the oppressed	hotuvona	N	C.
the subjugated	hotuvona	N	C.
theatre	hadeefa a vunoja	N	C.
theme	vatahi	N	I.
themselves	falfal	P		third person collective, humans and other sapient beings, emphatic pronoun
themselves	uvuvu	P		emphatic pronoun, used for plants and animals, singular and plural
themselves	lala	P		third person singular emphatic pronoun
themselves	lallaf	P		third person plurals, humans and other sapient beings, emphatic pronoun
then	doone	C, ADV		at the time
then	tonte ji	C		after something
then	ehe ji	C		in that case, as a result. Separated by a comma from the following sentence
theory	ki	N	I.
there	jaman	ADV	C.	in settlements and known places, medial.
there	jumun	ADV	W.	in wild/unexplored physical places
there	jimen	ADV	I.	in abstract/immaterial places
there is	no ... an ...	PHR		Whatever there is goes after the 'no', and requires a specification as to where exactly it is, and possibly a different preposition. 'in' is used for abstract/immaterial/very general or unknown things, concepts etc., 'un' for things and concepts related to the wilderness or that exist in the physical sphere, but are unexplored, and other ones like 'ha' (outside) or 'nadefa' (inside) can also be used.
therefore	ivusaie	C
they	uvuf	P		for animate beings other than humans or other sapient living beings, such as animals or plants
they	laf	P		multiple persons that don't form a group
they	fal	P		a group of people
thicket	kuselu	N	W.
thickness	lomni	N	C.	when used as an adjectival noun as in 'jedu a lomni' (murky fog, literally 'fog of murkiness'), and only used for fog, smoke, liquids or similar things
thickness	afui	N	I.
thief	hedoheomo	N	C.
thigh	vika	N	C.
thing	amanoha	N	C.
thing	vi	N	I.	unknown/unspecified thing
thing previously mentioned	va	N	C.
thingamajig	vivi	N	I.
think	tesoamio	V	IR	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'think sth. is needed or true', i.e. 'believe in', and intransitive: 'be believed to be true/needed/doing') and can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'believe to have done/to do') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be believed to have experienced')
think	saiho	V	IR	Transitive or intransitive, can take either an oblique object (usually introduced with 'a', about) specifying the topic or the thing being pondered, or a direct one (usually some word like 'va', part or 'ji' abstract/immaterial form of 'this', the proximal demonstrative pronoun) Neither is necessary if the sentence follows or introduces a quoted thought, i.e. one in writing expressed with quote marks. If the subject (the person associated with the thoughts) is unknown or unimportant, 'saini' (a person/people) or a similar term can be used instead of a pronoun or other noun. Alternatively, the subject can be omitted entirely, thereby implying an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is thought that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is thought to be a/an ...' See the entry 'saiho', 'to be thought to', for details.
think	do	V	EV	Used similar to 'I feel it's an important part of ...' in English.
thinness	dusi	N	I.
thirst	anisaaval	N	I.
this	ju	P	W.	close to speaker / wilderness gender, also used as determiner
this	ja	P	C.	close to speaker / common gender, also used as determiner
this	ji	P	I.	close to speaker / abstract/immaterial/unknown gender, also used as determiner
though	mojuhu	C
thought	sai	N	I.
thoughtfulness	dekimidu	N	I.
thread	kanafi	N	C.	referring to the threads of a rope or similar
thread	dalkiva	N	C.	referring to the thread used in sewing
threat	nuovani	N	I.
threat	dati	N	I.
threaten	nuovano	V	EV
three	sema	NUM
thrill	tisefo	V	EV
throat	uelle	N	C.
through	nane	ADP		locative
through	na	ADP		not used for locations
throughout	na	ADP		used for example to mean in expressions like 'throughout time'
throughout	nane	ADP		'throughout' as in 'throughout the country', meaning 'everywhere'
throw	ijoto	V	EV
throw at	ijotido	V	EV	used when the target (a thing or a place, which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract, e.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time as well anything unknown (including material things), e.g. an unknown place, with that which was thrown a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
throw at	ijotado	V	EV	used with sapient and/or animate beings only, with what is being thrown is an oblique object preceded by an 'ude' (with)
throw away	eeovolo	V	EV
throw on	ijotado	V	EV	used when the target is sapient and/or animate, with what is being thrown an possible additional oblique object preceded by an 'ude' (with)
throw on	ijotido	V	EV	used when the target (a thing or a place, which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract, e.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time as well anything unknown (including material things), e.g. an unknown place, with that which was thrown a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
thug	heva	N	C.
thunder	vamme	N	W.
thunder	vammo	V	UEV
thunder and rain	fofeo vamme	V	UEV	takes no additional objects
tick	uilo	V	EV	for to-do lists or similar
tickle	felto	V	EV
tide	tiasao	V	UEV
tide	tiasaa	N	C.
tidying up	dahi	N	I.
tie	kahano	V	EV	takes the 'ado/ido/udo' ('at') adposition
tile	vatadusi	N	C.
till	ito ... muavati	V	EV	Used mostly for smaller fields. Larger ones use 'lundo'. Intransitive sentences would use 'ito muava', dropping the indirect case suffix used for direct objects.
till	lendo	V	EV
time	doonava	N	I.	Referring to instances. This time: ‘idoonava ji’ (from ‘ido doonava (a) ji’) Two times: ‘ido doonavade a leke’ Next time: ‘in doonava a todehentohi/ doonava todentije’ 'dooniva' and 'todentohije' are rare spelling variants.
time	dooni	N	I.	Referring to periods
time of	dona	AFF		Can be 'don' in front of vowels. Also used as a particle before a pronoun, akin to a preposition.
time to dance	donatuka	N	I.	e.g. a celebration or a party
tin	sitiliva a tesiik	N	I.
tinder	tisivofi	N	C.	small things like tiny sticks, paper pieces or other very easily burnable material
tininess	sivua	N	I.	more like 'tinyness' actually, but can also sometimes used to refer to a broader kind of 'smallness'
tip	ovi	N	I.	the upper end of something, often pointy
tire	heito	V	EV
tiredness	heitidi	N	I.
title	hotiava	N	I.
to	li	ADP		To indicate a purpose, follow with a gerund (verb + -hi)
to	li	ADP		To indicate a direction or destination, follow with the direction or destination with the indirect case suffix -ti/-iti attached
to	li	ADP		To indicate a necessity, as in 'in order to, to be able to', standing before the word referring to the 'goal', with the necessary condition explained in the rest of the sentence 'Moji, li vuniti, teo tahoo fa a saanuvuifide a ilehe.’ But first, we need to talk about parallel universes. (But, to beginning-IDR, need talk 1.COL.INCL of space.OBL of difference)
to-do list	uilami	N	C.
today	ajavi	ADV
toe	fende	N	C.
toga	fena	N	C.
together	fe	ADV		Archaic
together	todehente	ADV
tolerate	nodeo	V	EV
toll	nuokeda	N	I.
tollbooth	nuokedan	N	C.
tomato	fokel	N	C.
tomorrow	in vunuhi	ADV		A set phrase, so no case ending.
tone	loti	N	I.	musical or linguistic, e.g. rising, falling, etc. tone
tongue	nema	N	C.
too	ehe	ADV
too	uhu	ADV
too much	oos	ADV
tool	amivo	N	C.	Also for abstract and immaterial tools, like in a computer program. Treated as having the immaterial/abstract gender in that case.
tool	vaili	AFF		for tools or machines that take over all or almost all of a task, such as automatizing machines, like washing machines, not for simple aids, like a bar of soap (these would get the '-ivo' instrumental suffix)
tool	vahi	N	C.	for tools or machines that take over all or almost all of a task, such as automatizing machines, like washing machines, not for simple aids, like a bar of soap
tooth	memuata	N	C.
tooth	onekivo	N	C.	Casual
toothpick	tikifi nuhe memo	N	C.
top	ova	N	I.	for example, of a tree, a hill or a building
topic	va	N	I.	The broad subject of a talk, discussion, field of study, etc. 'Linguistics', 'Sports', 'Plans for tomorrow' are broad topics. 'The winning strategy of our team' and 'The trip to the mountains tomorrow' are more specific topics and would use 'sinitahi'.
topic	sinitahi	N	I.	the specific subject of a talk, discussion etc.
torch	molavan	N	C.	referring to the open fire on a wooden stick or similar
torment	kolijo	V	EV
torment	koli	N	I.
tornado	lees	N	W.
torso	hetto	N	C.
total	onki	N	I.
totality	onki	N	I.
totally	se	ADV		Casual
tote	vattivo	N	C.	a bag you e.g. go to a market with
tote	vattivo a hemen	N	C.
touch	hooji	N	I.
touch	mano	V	EV
touch	hoojo	V	EV
towards	tohene	ADP		When talking about a familiar, previously visited building.
towards	li	ADP
towards oneself	tem	ADP
tower	dovi	N	I.	abstract suffix because it refers to an abstract concept of a tree-like high structure, such as, for example, a tower
town	nonat	N	C.
toxicity	masivi	N	I.	refers not just to the state of being poisoning, but also to the state of being poisoned (both of which can also be 'masivohi', the gerund of 'masivo', to poison)
toy	vihemami	N	I.
toy	maamio	V	EV
trace	ufeno	V	EV
trade	hokehuto	V	EV
trade	hokehut	N	I.
trade and fishing center	hokehuton	N	C.
trade away	hokehuto ... nuhe	V	EV	that which is given or traded away or sold becomes the direct object, the trade partner or partners the indirect object preceded by 'nuhe' (benefactive for) or alternatively 'li' (to, towards)
trading post	hokehuton	N	C.
trading post	hokedon	N
tradition	hi	N	I.
traditional dress	dufam	N	C.	semi-long skirt, usually made from jute fiber, worn traditionally by the 'netumo'. This is what traditionally people of any sex that were involved with defending of children and the community in general, as well as foraging in forests, fishing in rivers, gardening and manual tasks like home repairs are called.
traditional dress	fena	N	C.	piece of clothing similar to a toga, but made from rough fabric, worn traditionally by the 'vamejo'. This is what traditionally people of any sex that were involved with fishing in the ocean, exploring the island for e.g. new food sources, threats or other resources, or are spiritual guides, mathematicians/astronomers or judges are called.
traditional dress	kuvi	N	C.	tubular body-long garment with large holes for the head and arms, worn traditionally by the 'sehukumo'. This is what traditionally people of any sex that were involved with nursing, raising and educating children, housekeeping and food preparation (and sometimes gardening) are called.
traditional medicine practitioner	disemo	N	C.
traffic	tehekif	N	I.	for all kinds of traffic in streets, on the sea or in the air
traffic direction	noiti a tonat	N	C.
traffic direction	noiti a ton	N	C.	for smaller streets, roads or paths
traffic lane	noiti a tonat	N	C.
trail	matton	N	C.	'trail' as in 'hiking path'
train	kaunka	N	C.	railway trains
train	haado takemat	V	EV	train muscles
train	donosano	V	EV	used in transitive sentences, referring to physical activities, e.g. sport, combat etc.
train	sasaa	N	C.	referring to anything resembling trade caravans or other kind of caravans, including trains on railways
trainer	donosanimo	N	C.	someone giving instructions in sports or similar things
tramp	havansoti	N	I.
trample	letato	V	UEV
transaction	hemeni	N	I.
transcend	todeo	V	UEV
transcendence	todei	N	I.
transition	dalkiva	N	I.
translate	jufo	V	EV	used with 'li' + language name (undeclined)
translation	jufeefa	N	I.
transmission	tesohi	N	I.	referring to auditory transmissions only
transmission	ijoti	N	I.	Can be used e.g. with the verb 'nuo' (to give), 'evoto' (to receive) and 'ofo' (to catch, here involuntarily) 'nuo ijoti (a …)’ = an infection is/was given (=something or someone caused an infection), an infection takes/took place, a transmission (of ...) takes/took place 'nuo ijotiti (a ...)’ = to give an infection, to infect, to transmit (e.g. an illness) 'evoto ijoti’ = an infection is/was received (=someone is/was infected), a transmission is/was received 'evoto ijotiti’ = to receive an transmission/infection, become infected 'ofo ijoti’ = an infection/transmission is/was caught 'ofo ijotiti’ = to catch an infection/transmission (unintentionally/unknowingly)
transmit	ijoto	V	EV	can only have inanimate direct objects in transitive sentences, and only inanimate subjects in intransitive sentences
transparency	hujoti	N	I.
transport	vatto	V	EV
transport	vatti	N	I.
trap	daho	V	EV	Often used with oblique objects describing the trap, e.g. in a net, in a cage etc., or intransitively also e.g. in a car.
trap	toovaivo	N	C.
trash	eeovola	N	C.	Literally 'that which can't be used'
travel	letaf	N	I.
travel	letafo	V	UEV
travel bag	vattivo a letaf	N	C.
travel bag	vattivo	N	C.
travel by hyperspace	to na deevuhifinede	V	UEV
travel through	alvo	V	EV	especially anything that is difficult to cross or travel through, like water with no boat, a desert or a thick jungle
travel through	letafo na	V	UEV
tray	uila	N	C.
tray	hovanefivo	N	C.	a baking tray
treat kindly like your own child	vuammo	V	EV
treat like a sister	nuluho	V	EV
treat sb like a brother	nuluho	V	EV
treat well	nuluho	V	EV
treatment	nusaifi	N	I.
tree	dova	N	C.
tree	dovu	N	W.	trees growing in the wilderness, for example the jungle, or that you have never seen before
tree-like high structure	dovi	N	I.	abstract suffix because it refers to an abstract concept of a tree-like high structure, such as, for example, a tower
trend	todentiji	N	I.
triangle	hotisema	N	I.
tribalism	ki a fal	N	I.
tribe	fal	N	I.
trick	hajeheo	V	EV
trillion	evokkef	NUM		referring to the base-5 equivalent of a trillion
tropics	oeesafa	N	W.
trough	hemivo	N	C.
truce	movetafivo	N	I.
truck	volmu	N	C.
truly	tahivahane	ADV		very formal or poetic, comparing it to eternal religious truths or similar
trunk	hetto	N	C.
trust	dudimo	V	EV
trust	dudimi	N	I.
trustworthy person	mulda	N	C.
truth	tahivahani	N	I.	'deeper' or more 'spiritual' truths, mostly philosophical or religious ones. (for example, platonic 'ideas', see 'Plato' on Wikipedia for details, or the truth for Christians as recorded in the Bible)
truth	tavani	N	I.	1) 'Truth' as in having the quality of being true to something or someone, like 'staying true to yourself' 2) Also as in having the quality of 'truthfulness' or 'honesty', as opposed to a lie 3) for 'mundane' truths that are obviously true (gnostic statements), like 'the sun rises each morning [barring some catastrophe on a cosmic scale]' or 'most living fish swim'
truthfully	tavane	ADV
try	nuheo	V	EV
try	doonava	N	I.
try	doonavo	V	EV
tsunami	ejosaavat	N	W.	for large, disastrous floods
tube	tula	N	C.
tunnel	suukuos	N	C.
turn	sivio	V	EV	to turn like a wheel
turn around	sivio	V	EV	to say that someone has turned around (e.g. to come back) the reflexive voice is used. 'Siviohe ta' - 'I turn(ed) around'
turn away from	sivio	V	EV	The direct object is what the subject has turned themselves away from. In intransitive sentences, the word translates to 'to have been turned away from'
turn down	tovoheo	V	EV
turn into food	hemevo	V	EV
turn inward	linaho	V	EV
turn off the light	jotavo	V	EV	some dialects would pronounce it 'jottavo'. In intransitive sentences it would translate to 'The light of ... is/was turned on'.
turn on	tisefo	V	EV	a lamp or similar source of light
turn on the light	amovo ... vuhefefati	V	T	not used for candles etc., only for lamps
turn on the light	vuhefo	V	EV	In intransitive sentences the subject would be the place where the light was turned on. 'Vuhefo hemen'. – 'The light was turned on at the market'
turn serious	kiovaho	V	UEV	in intransitive sentences only
turning inward	linahohei	N	I.
turquoise	jehaadufi	N	I.	Also used for greenish blues, turquoise, cyan etc. Light blue/green use 'white', very dark blue/green use 'black'.
turtle	vensu	N	W.
tv	VVJ	ABB
twelve	leke-kiivi leke	NUM
twenty-five	manhaadi	NUM		Base-5 equivalent to 100
twig	sikulu	N	C.
twilight	jotti	N	I.
twilight years	jottini	N	I.
twin	doonivava	N	C.
twine	tumaleke	N	C.
twist	sivio	V	EV
two	leke	NUM
type	najaselivo	N	C.	block or cast with character on it used for printing
tyranny	hotuvimi	N	I.	Especially legally or constitutionally sanctioned tyranny, or in some other way supported by the state or its institutions.
tyranny	dohuomi	N	I.
tyrant	dohuomo	N	C.
tyrant	hotuvimo	N	C.	Especially a legally or constitutionally sanctioned tyrant, or in some other way supported by the state or its institutions.
unbelievably	ilhomanuke	ADV
unchain	foo	V	IR	This meaning is ergative, 'to unchain so. or sth.' in transitive sentences, 'be unchained' in intransitive sentences.
uncontrollability	ilamivi	N	I.
uncover	ilejoto	V	EV
undead	delvunini	N	I.	referring to the undead in general or the state of being undead
under	sohuhe	ADP		static
underbrush	fomka	N	W.
underground	ejota	N	C.	a hidden, not necessarily criminal underworld
undergrowth	fomka	N	W.	smallest plants only
undergrowth	kuselu	N	W.	also including scrubs and thickets
understand	tefo fumefa	V	EV	in transitive sentences 'fumefa' becomes the direct object (with the indirect case suffix 'fumefati')
understand	dekio	V	EV	pick up and comprehend what was said, or otherwise communicated through sounds or noises
understand	fumefo	V	EV	referring to facts and topics or to situations and problems
understanding	deki	N	I.
understanding	fumefa	N	I.	Of a topic, problem or field. Can also sometimes be used for persons.
underwater area	saanuva	N	W.	water and everything in it (in the deeper sea)
uneasiness	sehukatidi	N	I.
unethical act	ilukainivi	N	I.
unexpectedly	siovanale	ADV
unexplainable phenomenon	ilmasiji	N	I.
unfortunately	hokolukee	ADV
unfreeness	ilfoi	N	I.
unhappiness	ilanindi	N	I.
unimportance	iliit	N	I.
union	haadohenti	N	I.
uniqueness	tai	N	I.
unit	va	N	C.
unit	amafe	N	C.
unite	tahadovo	V	EV
universe	vuhifin	N	I.	Immaterial/abstract gender since that genders also covers largely unknown things.
universe	saanuvuhifi	N	I.	credit to Vise for coming up with the metaphor
university	tonesanin	N	C.
unless	mojile	C
unlike	ilehe	ADP
unpleasant person	vikinimo	N	C.
unremarkableness	iltai	N	I.
unrightfully	ilhokone	ADV
until	ahoo	ADP
until	ahoo	C
untruth	iltavani	N	I.
unusually	ilike	ADV
up	noohe	ADP		When the location being referred to is at or moves to a higher level, but not the highest level, e.g. a road up a mountain that does not reach the summit
up	tove	ADV		going upwards, aiming for the summit or the highest point possible
up	tove	ADP		going upwards, aiming for the summit or the highest point possible
up to	ahoo	ADP
update	hohivi	N	I.
update	hohivo	V	EV
upstream	lisundone	ADV
urban engineering	tonesani a haadohi a nonat	N	I.
urbanisation	nonatevi	N	I.
urgency	tehivu	N	I.
urine	ten	N	C.
use	vii	N	I.
use	vo	V	EV
use a computer	amadaho	V	EV
use a lot	vuato ... nuhe ... haad	V	EV	The ellipses show where subject and object would go. In an intransitive sentence the first one is omitted.
use force wrongly	lumadoo	V	EV
usefulness	vii	N	I.
uselessness	vili	N	I.
usually	anti	ADV
utter	laamo	V	M	see notes for 'laamo' (make noise)
utterance	memo	N	I.	Used poetically or informally, sometimes ironically. No 'a' added when linking to demonstrative pronouns
vacation	donamihonat	N	I.
vacuum	nuvuuhu	N	I.	the more exact, scientific term.
vacuum	nuuvu	N	I.	Casual or colloquial
valley	eeves	N	C.	referring to river-created valleys or the land in or near those valleys
valley	daavia	N	C.
value	nuakaini	N	I.
vanilla	nani	N	C.
vaporise	seveno	V	EV
vapour	sevene	N	C.
vapour	huulu	N	W.	gaseous state of something that usually is not a gas
vegetable	hemaena	N	C.	sometimes 'hemeena'
vegetarian	hemaadova	N	C.
vegetation	haaduf	N	W.
vehicle	tivo	N	C.	human- or animal-powered
vehicle	vailita	N	C.	those that move on their own and don't require any muscle power or similar, e.g. a car or ships that don't use oars
vein	teka	N	C.	a vein of ore, when found after a deliberate search, not by chance
vein	edoja	N	C.	a vein of ore, when found by chance, and not after a deliberate search
ventilate	fohoo	V	EV
ventilating	fohoi	N	I.
ventilation	fohoi	N	I.
ventilator	vailifohoi	N	C.
venue	dahon	N	C.
verb	nuaseji	N	I.
verdict	vuati	N	I.	'to sentence someone' would be translated with something literally meaning 'to put down a weight on someone'
verify	asotilo	V	EV
version	toni	N	I.
vertebrate	nova a usamat	N	C.
very	haada	ADV
very much	haadat	ADV
vessel	seda	N	C.	referring to a container such as a pot, not the ship
vibe	fenidi	N	I.
victim	hotuvona	N	C.	Referring to the victim of (political or other) oppression
victim	dohuna	N		referring to victims of abuse
victim	ilevota	N	C.	victim of a theft, prank or something similar
video	nioonifi	N	I.
video camera	vunivo a nioonide	N	C.
video game	visenis	N	I.
video game console	hatetena	N	C.
video recorder	nioonivo a itikomade	N	C.
videocassette	itikoma a niooni	N	C.
view	hujoo	V	EV
view	ninva	N	I.	meaning 'standpoint, perspective, view of something' here Used with 'nuhe' ('for')
view	huji	N	I.
village	non	N	C.	Used mostly for smaller settlements, marked speech when used for bigger ones.
village idiot	nonilajo	N	C.	also used in city districts
village life	nifi	N	I.	humorous, sometimes perceived as condescending
villager	nifimo	N	C.	context and tone of voice determine whether the term is pejorative or not
villain	tuvedamo	N	C.	someone who does evil things regularly, or even professionally
vinegar	evuttolovi	N	C.
violence	vetti	N	I.
violently	vette	ADV
violently	lumomate	ADV
violin	kundu	N	C.
viper	udelsolkat	N	W.	used for larger or particularly dangerous snakes
visibility	joohi	N	I.	both referring to the state of being visible as well as the degree of being visible (e.g. in 'visibility is low today')
visible light	vuhi a joha	N	I.
vision	jei	N	I.
visit	jotano	V	EV
visit	jotani	N	I.
vital energy	nisaif	N	I.
vitrine	masija	N	C.
vocabulary	tahivaf	N	I.
vocal cords	tesoamamat	N	C.
voice	toni a tahivide	N	I.	grammatical voice, can also be (colloquially) used for 'grammatical mood', is in both cases followed by an 'a [gerund]' construction to specify.
voice	tesoama	N	C.
void	nuuvu	N	I.
volcano	hisetuvan	N	C.
volume	lumo	N	I.
voluntarily	amefe	ADV		Used for the volitional resultative, i.e. changes that were both intentional and voluntary. Contrast with 'eve' which is used for for the non-volitional resultative. 'Ileho ta hajefati amefe.’ I ended up changing plans.
vortex	saanemtu	N	W.
vote	vuato	V	EV	'to decide for' is 'vuato ... nuhe'
vowel	tesoafoo	N	I.
voyage	letafaanu	N	I.	sea travel only
wade	matto ... nane	V	UEV	through water, swamps or other types of non-solid ground
wade	alvo	V	EV	through water, swamps or other types of non-solid ground
wail	teluo	V	UEV
wailing	teluo	N	I.
wait	hono	V	UEV	used with 'nuhe' (for) or 'ude' (with)
waiter	utukamo	N	C.
waiting time	donahona	N	I.
waitress	utukamo	N	C.
wake	nusaifo	V	EV
wake up	atilo vuhati	V	UEV
walk	matto	V	UEV
walk	ti	N	I.
walk	sondi	N	I.	a non-routine walk to some new or less visited place, or a walk with no specific destination
walk around	sondo	V	M	Rarely 'sooto' in some dialects Unergative in sentences where the subject is animate, but ergative when the subject is inanimate. Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
walk through	matto ... nane	V	UEV
wall in	netuno	V	EV
walled city	netun	N	C.	any walled building, structure or complex
walls	netun	N	W.	Originally mostly referring to foreign city walls, since Juteans themselves don't traditionally build huge walls around their settlements.
wander	matto	V	UEV
wander around	sondo	V	M	Rarely 'sooto' in some dialects Unergative in sentences where the subject is animate, but ergative when the subject is inanimate. Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
wander around	tafenavo	V	UEV	casual strolling or walking
wanderer	sonda	N	C.
wandering	havansoti	N	I.
want	saimo	V	EV
war	vetaffo	V	EV
war	vetafa	N	I.
warehouse	uilan	N	C.
warfare	vetafi	N	I.	'vetaffohi' (Gerund of 'vetaffo', to war) can also be used.
warm	vuho	V	EV	for the sun or similar celestial bodies, sometimes also for fire
warmth	vanifi	N	I.
warn	sinovano	V	EV
warning	sinovan	N	I.
warrior	etimo	N	C.	Using 'etimo' implies disapproval of the rebellion or group of fighters, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
warrior	hetevimo	N	C.	used for 'noble' warriors defending something, rather than pillaging wealth-seekers or anything similar. Unlike 'netumo' (guard) less passive and defending of a single place, and more likely to be part of any offense or offensive defending.
warrior	vettafamo	N	C.	A less 'noble' warrior fighting just for the sake of it or for wealth and/or prestige, often used for invaders.
wash	saavo	V	EV
washing	saavi	N	I.
washing machine	vailisaava	N	C.
waste	oosa	N	C.
waste time	toho ... dooniti	V	T
watch	netumi	N	I.
watch	nuodona a itikoma	N	C.
watch	hujoo	V	EV
watch out for	netumio	V	EV
watch over	netumio	V	EV	(to watch over someone)
watch television	vevejo	V	EV	alternatively, 'aso VVJiti' or 'aso vailivunojoti' can also be used.
watcher	huja	N	C.	of e.g. a play
watchfulness	netidi	N	I.
water	saava	N	C.
water	tahosaava	N	C.
water bear	doviva a sivua	N	W.
waterfall	kisu a dovi	N	W.
waterfall	ialma a saava	N	W.	for larger waterfalls
wave	saa	N	C.	any kind of wave, including immaterial, abstract or metaphorical ones, but mostly waves in the open sea (but not the ocean) or with some distance to the coast
wave	sao	V	EV
wave	saanet	N	C.	waves (very) near the coast
wave material	saava	N	C.
wave towards	sao	V	IT	when used with the preposition 'li' (to, towards)
way	toni	N	I.
way back	ilton	N	C.
we	fafanal	P		'we' excluding a group of people
we	fanal	P		'we' excluding a single person
we	fa	P		inclusive 'we'
we	fanafal	P		'we' excluding multiple persons that don't form a group
wealth	lumo	N	I.	any kind of wealth, including e.g. knowledge, ideas etc., not just material wealth
weapon	vetafivo	N	C.
weaponise	vetafivo	V	EV
weaponry	vetafivo	N	C.
wear	ejotamo	V	EV
weather	saanuhami	N	I.	instead of 'how is the weather' you ask 'which is the weather here/tomorrow/there', 'no saanuhami hen/in vunuhi/jaman'
weave	amo ... juteti	V	T	also used for other fibers, but then with the phrasing 'amo ... ehe jutede' (work ... like jute)
weave	delo	V	EV	referring to weaving yarn to create fabric, rather than weaving wicker to create baskets or similar. See 'amo ... juteti' for that.
weaver	delomo	N	C.
weaving workshop	tunadelon	N	C.
weed	ito ... muavati	V	EV	Used mostly for smaller fields. Larger ones use 'lundo'. Intransitive sentences would use 'ito muava', dropping the indirect case suffix used for direct objects.
weed	dise	N	C.	edible weeds or herbs only
week	dotiif	N	I.
weigh	vuato	V	EV
weigh	vuato	V	EV
weight	vuati	N	I.
weirdness	ilninvi	N	I.
welcome	atoato nadefa, saini a uke	PHR		'saini a uke' is omitted in less formal settings, and when not welcoming someone into a building, 'nadefa' is replaced by 'tane' (most commonly), 'tine' in abstract/immaterial/unknown places or 'tune' in dangerous or wild places
well	ehe ji	I		separated by a comma from the following sentence
well	uke	ADV
well	sundon	N	C.	a water well, spring or similar
west	toonei	N	I.
westward	toone	ADV
wet	saavo	V	EV
wet nurse	nuvuhomo	N	C.
wet season	donafofe	N	C.	for regions with wet and dry seasons
wetland	vimel	N	W.	referring to cold or temperate wetland, not e.g. subtropical or tropical swamps or bogs
wetness	unosi	N	I.
wharf	saivon	N	C.
what	haaju	P	W.
what	haaji	P	I.
what	haaja	P	C.
what from	haava	ADV
what is this	no ji, haaji	PHR		variants: 'no ja, haaja' (for familiar, physically existing things) 'no ju, haaju' (for wilderness-related things)
what the heck	savanhu	I
whatever	ilhit	I
whatever	uji	I
whatever	ilhit	P
wheat	venni	N	C.
wheel	utukiva	N	C.
when	hasooni	P
when	doone	C
where	haan	ADV
where to	haaneli	ADV
which	haaja	P	C.
while	udase	C		used to talk about actions or events that happened at the same time, not for periods of time or similar
while	dee	ADP
whirl around	kolo	V	EV	used for storms or similar, not for humans
whirl around	kolijo	V	EV	this meaning used when figuratively speaking only
whirlpool	saanemtu	N	W.
whisper	huusafo	V	EV
whistle	luhuho	V	EV
whistle while eating porridge	luhuho ... doone hemehi a sedamede	V		The '...' is to supposed to be replaced by the subject of the sentence
white	jehiooni	N	I.
who	haasin	P
why	haano	P
wicker	jevo	N	C.	mostly referring to wicker baskets made from twigs such as willow or twine made from e.g. jute fiber
wideness	fonesondi	N	I.
wild forest	oeedovu	N	W.
wild jungle river	tahu	N	W.
wild place	unu	N	W.
wild rice	sikes	N	W.
wild spirit	fesuu	N	W.
wilderness	havan	N	W.
wildfire	vanvan	N	W.
wildflower	ohaju	N	W.
wildlife	nuhavanu	N	W.
wildlife	nu	N	W.	both wildlife on the land and sealife
wildness	van	N	W.
will	saimi	N	I.
willow	sel	N	W.
win	tefo	V	EV
win against	tefoto	V	EV
win against	tefetevo	V	EV	That which is defended gets preceded by 'nuhe' (for), that which is defeated by 'te'.
wince	desofenofi	N	C.
wind	huusa	N	C.
wind	desofeno	V	EV
windmill	kelumvaasa	N	C.
window	foa	N	C.
wine	amelka	N	C.
winebibber	tahoosamo	N	C.
wing	humat	N	C.
winner	tefomo	N	C.
winter	telava	N	I.
wipe	luho	V	EV
wire	kanafi	N	C.
wisdom	donosani	N	I.	'Wisdom is just being old'
wish	saimo hao	V	EV	with the thing/entity/etc. as the direct object, with no prepositions in front of it.
wish	haalini	N	I.
wit	hajee	N	I.
with	ude	ADP
within	in	ADP
without	udel	ADP
witness	aso	V	EV	Ergative verb. Used more for things or events you saw by chance rather than willingly observed or attended.
witness	jodaino	V	EV	consciously acknowledge things like vows, deeds or events
wittiness	hajee	N	I.
wonder	haohe	V	UEV
wood	dova	N	C.
wood	dovevo	N	C.	material ready for use, meaning lumber or processed timber
wood chippings	helka	N	C.
wool	evanuusu	N	I.
wool fiber	evanuusuva	N	C.
word	tahiva	N	I.
work	amefa	N	I.	'work' as in 'accomplishment, act, workmanship', not 'job'
work	ami	N	I.
work	amo	V	EV
work of art	vi a olumi	N	I.	despite the noun class, it can be material or immaterial
work of art	olumafi	N	C.	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
worker	ama a netunede	N	C.	in a fort, castle or prison
worker	ama	N	C.
workplace	amin	N	C.
workshop	vamon	N	C.
world	savanhu	N	W.
worldview	sahai a ninva	N	I.
worldview	kiat	N	I.	especially for those that encompass many or almost all parts of life, rather than only a specific part
worm	kilitu	N	W.
worry	sehukati	N	I.
worry about	sehukato	V	IR	Ergative, 'to worry about so./sth.' in transitive sentences, 'cause worries' in intransitive sentences. Can also be reflexive. In intransitive sentences gerunds are, unlike with other syntactically similarly working words such as 'memo' or 'saiho' introduced by 'nuhe' (for, because of). Sehukato la. – They are causing worries. / Some are worried about them (in general) Sehukato ta he na. – I am worried about you. Sehukato ta he nana. – I am worried about you. (with emphasis on the 'you') Sehukato ta saohi a me na ma. – I am worried about your swimming. Sehukato saohi a me na ma. – Your swimming is causing worries. Sehukato na nuhe saohi. – You are causing worries because of your swimming. Sehukatohe ta. – I am worried about myself. Sehukato ta he tata. – I am worried about me. (with emphasis on the 'me') Also used in combination with other verbs like an auxiliary, then meaning 'to worry about (so.) doing sth.' in transitive sentences or 'cause worries about one's doing sth.' in intransitive sentences. Usually 'no' (to be) is avoided in such sentences, and 'ho' (remain), 'hono' (stay), 'evotono' (become) or another word are commonly used. With the antipassive suffix '-mo' the person or group being worried about can be left unstated, implying a generalized sentiment. The reflexive suffix '-he' is used if the speaker is worried about doing something themselves. If no additional verbs appear in the sentence, a generalized worry about someone is expressed. Sehukato sao la – They are causing worries about their swimming. / Some are worried about them swimming. Sehukato sao ta he la – I am worried about them swimming. Sehukatomo sao ta – I am worried about people swimming. Sehukatohe sao ta – I am worried about (going) swimming.
worseness	dohaa	N	I.	rare variant: 'doaa', with the 'h' dropped as well
worship	uvadato	V	EV
worst	doate	ADV
worst	doat	N	I.
worthiness	ukaini	N	I.
wound	lasum	N	C.
wow	savanhu	I
wrap	desofena	N	C.	referring to clothes, not food
wrap	desofeno	V	EV
wrapping	desofena	N	C.	referring to the material something is wrapped in
wrapping	desofeni	N	I.
wreath	efeni a itikoma	N	C.
wreck	eeovolavo	V	EV
wristwatch	nuodona a itikoma	N	C.
write	hotio	V	EV
writer	hotiomo	N	C.
writer	lihota	N	C.	of letters or similar
writer	hotiomo a vunoja	N	C.	writer of plays
writing	hotiohi	N	I.	the act of writing
writing	hoti	N	I.	something written
writing implement	hotivo	N	C.
writing system	hotiohi	N	I.
wrong	doohu	N	I.
wrongly	iltavane	ADV
yard	dahe	N	C.
yarn	tum	N	C.
yeah	tavane	I
year	dotohaa	N	I.	'in the year 2000' = dee dotohaade a 2000 (during the year of 2000)
yeast	fakin	N	C.
yellow	jevani a vuhi	N	I.
yelp	sio	V	UEV
yes	dekio ta	I		‘Humble’/formal register of speech. Literally ‘I agree’, used most often in questions expecting a yes or to show agreement with previous statements
yes	le	I		affirmative answer, a bit like German 'doch', either before the answer separated by a comma, or used as an adverb (in questions, or when there already is a particle in front of the verb)
yes	hee	I		Casual
yes	not ehe ji	I		Humble or formal register. English equivalent: 'so be it' As it is the subjunctive variant of 'yes', it can also signify emphasis or conviction, especially as part of declarations, formal or otherwise. 'Not ji', 'this shall be' is a slightly less formal variant.
yes	ee	I		Casual, Sitti Jutean
yes, really	memo!	I		strong affirmation or emphasis, like for example in 'that's how it was' or 'yes, I said that'
yesterday	dotovuhi	N	I.	talking about yesterdays in general
yesterday	dotovuha	ADV
yet	hehe	C
yield	uisa	N	C.	used mostly for gathered and foraged food, not limited to mushrooms but also including e.g. fruit, nuts etc., anything not farmed on fields or in gardens
you	fana	P		a group of people
you	na	P		second person singular
you	naf	P		multiple persons that don't form a group
young person	sainifi	N	C.
youngness	nihilaa	N	I.
yourself	nana	P		emphatic pronoun, used instead of the regular pronoun, so instead of 'you yourself' it would only be 'yourself'.
yourselves	fanan	P		second person collective, emphatic pronoun
yourselves	nafaf	P		second person plural, emphatic pronoun
zombie	delvuninu	N	W.	Sometimes used to refer to any kind of undead creature.
zoology	tonesani a nova	N	I.