ENGLISH-JUTEAN DICTIONARY
english definition	word	part of speech	class	etymology	notes	sample
a bit	ifi	ADV		root	also used as a diminutive suffix
a bit	sivue	ADV		from 'sivua' (smallness, tinyness) + 'e' (a common adverb ending)	more like 'a tiny bit' actually, but can also sometimes used to mean 'a small bit', but then slightly marked
a day ago	idoti a ikide	ADV		from 'ido doniti a ikide' (in past of a day)
a long time	dooni a haad	N	I.	literally 'time of bigness'
a lot	haadat	ADV		extension of 'haadat' (biggestness)	For bigger amounts. Smaller amounts use 'haad'.
a lot of	haadat	DET		extension of 'haadat' (biggestness)
abacus	tikkivo	N	C.	from 'tikki' (mathematics) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	Literally 'mathematics-tool’ as according to tradition mathematics on Jute evolved from laying sticks in orderly heaps and adding/taking away from them, somewhat similar to how an abacus is used.
abacus	kihivo	N	C.	from 'kihio' (to count) + 'ivo' (instrumental noun derivation suffix)
abandon	iko	V	MAJ	from 'ike' (alone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
abandoned thing	ikava	N	C.	from 'ika' (ruins, abandoned structures) + 'va' (part suffix)	any kind of previously used object that is no longer used, including, but not limited to artefacts, or a part of them
ability	eehi	N	I.	from 'eeo' (to be able to, to be capable of) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
ability to collaborate	feami	N	I.	from 'fe' (archaic 'together') + 'ami' (work, job)
able to do	eeho	V	MAJ	from 'eehi' (ability) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used like a non-auxiliary variant of 'eeo' (to generally be able to), like a shortening of 'eeo amo'. Does not take another verb. 'Eeho vailidekiva ji’. – The computer is able do this. 'Eeho na jim, haa?’ – Can you do that/Are you able to do that?
abortion	ilvunivuna	N	I.	from 'ilvuni' (end) + 'vuna' (birth)
about	sie	ADP		from 'sino' (to mean, to call, to name) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix), 'n' disappeared over time	for specific, known or named people, living beings or things, or to establish a topic, used with verbs, for example 'veeho sie' (laugh about), or with nouns, e.g. 'tonikki sie kiovohi' (algorithm regarding the distribution)
about	a	ADP			can introduce nominalized subclauses, for example relative clauses
above	ove	ADP		from 'ova' (top) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)	usually used when referring to the highest level possible, or close to it, e.g. above or next to the top of a mountain, or abstractly or metaphorically in constructions like English 'above it all'.	No saanuhuu ove toofade a me fa ma. [Only] the sky is above our heads.
above	noohe	ADP		root	used in comparisons, e.g. when saying something is at a higher level, unless it's at the highest level possible, in which case 'ove' (on, on top of, over) is used
absence	ilni	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite suffix) + 'ni' (being, life)
absolutely	onke	ADV		from 'onki' (here: fullness) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
absorb	heotano	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'tane' (inside) + 'o' (verb suffix)
abstract concept	vinvi	N	I.	from 'vinva' (abstract thought, abstractness) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), to refer to a particular abstraction, or abstractions in general rather than abstract thoughts	as opposed to less abstract concepts (which would be 'okiofe')
abstract thought	vinva	N	I.	from 'vin' (sphere of ideas, realm of abstract things) + 'va' (material suffix), as it was thought that abstract thoughts and ideas were making up the sphere of ideas, like water makes up the sea
abstraction	vinvi	N	I.	from 'vinva' (abstract thought, abstractness) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), to refer to a particular abstraction, or abstractions in general rather than abstract thoughts
abstractness	vinva	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vinva' (abstract thought)
abugida	hotivaf	N	I.	from 'hotiva' (letter, graph, glyph) + 'f' (multitude/collective suffix)
abuse	dohui	N	I.	from 'dohuo' (mistreat) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
abuse	dohuo	V	MAJ	root of uncertain origin
abuse of power	ilukainivi	N	I.	from 'ilukainivo' (to corrupt, cause to act unethically) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
accept	dekiodo	V	MAJ	from 'dekio' (to understand) + 'ude' (with) + 'o' (verb suffix)	accept a person, fact, value etc., not accept something physically like a material gift
accept	dekiodo hedo	V	MAJ	literally 'agree to take'	usually for physical objects or similar
access	foa	N	C.	from 'foo' (to open) + 'a' (a noun ending)	physical access to something, not metaphorical, digital or similar, unless specified. Access to is 'foa li'
access	tino	V	MAJ	from 'tine' (abstract/immaterial 'into, inside') + 'o' (verb suffix)	for nations, digital things and other abstract concepts
accessory	va a mekoi	N	C.	literally 'thing of addition'
accident	hokoluki	N	I.	contraction of 'hokol uke' (goodness not allowed/denied) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
accommodate	daho	V	MAJ	from 'dahe', room, + 'o', verb suffix	in transitive sentences with no adpositions. in intransitive sentences only used in some contexts.
accommodation	dahi	N	I.	from 'daho' (here: to accommodate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
accompany	todehento	V	MAJ	probably related to 'to' (to go) and 'ude' (with)
accomplish	lomoho	V	MAJ	from 'lomohe' (perfective aspective indicator)
accomplishment	lomohi	N	I.	from 'lomoho' (to accomplish) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
according to	na	ADP
account for	jufino	V	MAJ	from 'jufin' (household) + 'o' (verb suffix)	the budgeting sense, e.g. to account for all sales
accuse	sino ... tuvedati (a ...)	V	MAJ	literally 'call ... the/an evildoer (of ...)'	a relative phrase explaining the crime such as 'hedeoheohi a vailitade' ('stealing of the vehicle') introduced by 'a' ('of') usually follows. Intransitive sentences would have no '-ti' indirect case suffix on 'tuveda'. If no target of the accusation is specified they would be understood to refer to an unspecified person or group of people.
achieve	tefo	V	MAJ	from 'tefi' (achievement, goal, aim, target) + 'o' (verb suffix)
achievement	lomohi	N	I.	from 'lomoho' (to complete) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
achievement	tefi	N	I.	from 'tefa' (goal) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
acid	mellovi	N	I.	from 'mello' (here: sourness) + 'vi' ('causer' derivation suffix)	Has the 'immaterial/abstract' gender because it's a generic term, which also is covered by that gender.
acidify	mellovo	V	MAJ	from 'mellovi' (acid) + 'o' (verb suffix)
acoustics	nesaniva a tesohi	N	I.	literally 'physics of sound'
acquaintance	muldafi	N	C.	from 'muldo' (to know a person) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
acquire	evoto	V	MAJ	semantic extension, originating in the sense of 'receiving/borrowing something from nature'	For natural resources and other things obtained from nature.
across	netune	ADP		from 'netuno' (here: cross a border)+ 'e' (here: an adposition suffix)	'across' in the sense of 'across a border/river/etc.', not '(everywhere) across the country'
across	nane	ADP		from 'na' (by, through) + 'n' (place suffix) + 'e' (an adposition suffix to ease pronunciation)	'across ' as in 'across the country', meaning 'everywhere in the country'
act	toniamo	V	MIN	from 'toni' (way, method) + 'amo' (to do)	'tonijamo' is a dialectal variant
act	aseji	N	I.	from 'asijo' (to happen, take place) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
act like a clueless city dweller	ninonato	V	MIN	from 'ninonat' (city life) + 'o' (verb suffix)	almost always humorous
act of whistling while eating porridge	luhuhi doone hemehi a sedamede	N	I.	calque of Illaína 'síblazzo und etazzon di gráto'
active voice	toni a tahivide a amohi	N	I.	literally 'way of writing of doing'
actor	ama	N	I.	from 'amo' (to do, work) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
actor	vunojamo	N	C.	from 'vunoja' (theater play) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	acting in plays
actress	vunojamo	N	C.	from 'vunoja' (theater play) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	acting in plays
actually	ihavane	ADV		from 'in havani' (in naturalness, reality) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction ending)
adapt	hadolo	V	MAJ	from 'haado' (here: to grow) + 'li' (to, towards) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes no adpositions.
adapt oneself to	hadolo	V	MAJ	from 'haado' (here: to grow) + 'li' (to, towards) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes no adpositions.
adaptability	hadoli	N	I.	from 'hadolo' (to adapt, adapt oneself to) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
add	keseho	V	MAJ	root
add	mekoo	V	MAJ	root
add a hole	tuloho	V	MAJ	from 'tuloha' (hole) + 'o' (verb suffix)
addiction	netuuni a anti	N	I.	literally 'prison of habit'
addition	mekoi	N	I.	from 'mekoo' (to add) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
additionally	mekohe	ADV		from 'mekoohi' (gerund of 'to add') + 'e' (a common adverb/conjunction suffix)
address	lihoti	N	I.	from 'li hoti' (towards writing)
addressee	lihotona	N	C.	from 'lihota' (addresser, sender) + 'ona' (patientive derivation suffix)
adherent	kiatamo	N	C.	from 'kiat' (major, often all-encompassing ideology) + 'mo' ('profession' derivation suffix)	to an ideology
administer	jufino	V	MAJ	from 'jufin' (household) + 'o' (verb suffix)	a household, a business or similar, not a government
administer	vunamoeno	V	MAJ	from 'vunamoena' (chief, elder, governor) + 'o' (verb suffix)	e.g. a community, town or country (i.e. no private or economic institutions such as a company)
administration	noitoti	N	I.	from 'noito to' (rule over, manage)	not commonly used for political institutions, unless they are also economical ones
administration	jufini	N	I.	from 'jufino' (to budget, run a household) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	An alternative form is 'jufinafa', from 'jufini' + 'afa' (resultative suffix)
administration	vunamoeni	N	I.	from 'vunamoena' (governor) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring to the administration of a country, city or region
admiral	hoollemat	N	C.	from 'hoollemu' (captain) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
admit	dekiodo	V	MAJ	from 'dekio' (to understand) + 'ude' (with) + 'o' (verb suffix)	especially when used together with 'teo' (need, have to)
adoration	ukainohi	N	I.	gerund of 'ukaino' (to thank, honor, revere)	adoration in the religious sense
adore	uvado	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'uvado' (to hug, embrace)
adult	donosana	N	C.	from 'donosano' (here: to grow up) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
adultery	amdananoi	N	I.	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'nanoi' (marriage)
adventure	letafat	N	I.	from 'letaf' (journey) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
adverb	masijoha a mekoi	N	I.	from 'masijohi' (gerund of 'masijo', to explain or elaborate) + 'a' (common noun suffix) + 'a mekoi' (of addition)
advertisement	vunoja a ukahi a ...	N	C.	literally 'play of praise of ...'	the medium, such as TV (VVJ) or newspaper (hotif a dekihohi) added at the end
advise	hao sahaamo	V	MAJ	literally 'ask to consider'
advise	dekivo	V	MAJ	from 'dekiva' (information) + 'o' (verb suffix)
affect	fuedoho	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'fuedoho' (to attack, invade)	used for diseaseses and disease agents causing them
affect	vetafamoo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'vetafamoo' (to attack, invade)	used for diseaseses and disease agents causing them
after	tonte	ADP		from 'todehento' (to follow)	Preposition	'Tonte dooni me ta ma' (Time after me)
afterlife	nideeni	N	I.	from 'ni dee ni(de)' (life beyond life)
afternoon	datevi	N	I.	from 'daa' (noon) + 'etevi' (away from)
again	atile	ADV		possibly originally from 'ato ilte' (come back), which became 'atotile' and then at 'atile'
against	te	ADP		semantic extension of 'te' (forward, onward)
against	et	ADP		'te' turned around	Against the speaker (or the person being talked about), not originating from the speaker. This is an 'antagonistic' against that can be the opposite of the other against. If a speaker is fighting against an enemy, the speaker would describe the actions of the enemy that are targeting them with this 'against' Same with sentences like 'If you had known who would be fighting against you ...'
age	niho	V	MIN	from 'nihi' (age) + 'o' (verb suffix)
age	nihi	N	I.	from 'nih[aa]' (oldness) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
agglomerate	duvo	V	MIN	root
ago	idoti	ADV		from 'ido doniti' (in past)	used with 'a' (of) + oblique case
agree	dekiodo	V	MAJ	from 'dekio' (to understand) + 'ude' (with) + 'o' (verb suffix)
agreement	dekiodi	N	I.	from 'dekiodo' (agree, admit, concede) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
agriculture	haadi	N	I.	from 'haado' (to grow, cultivate) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
agriculture	haadi a muava	N	I.	literally 'agriculture of field'	specifically referring to agriculture in a field larger than a normal garden can also be 'haadi an muavade' (agriculture in a field)
aim	nojo ... vettonede	V	MAJ	literally 'to point (towards) a target'	Ellipsis gets replaced by the subject. Physically existing targets for archery and the like. Abstract/immaterial aims or targets use 'tefide' instead.
aim	tefi	N	I.	from 'tefa' (goal) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	A goal you set out and usually hope to be able to fulfill.
aim	hotio	V	MAJ	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used for guns, especially things like sniping, where the trajectory resembles more of a straight line
aim	elkoo	V	MAJ	from 'elko' (bow) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for bows and similar weapons, distinguished from 'elkoo' (to shoot) by context, adverbs or additional verbs like 'nuheo' (to try)
aimlessly	udeltefe	ADV		from 'udeltefi' (aimlessness) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix)
aimlessness	udeltefi	N	I.	from 'udel' (with no) + 'tefa' (destination) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
air	huu	N	C.
air	fohoo	V	MAJ	from 'foo' (to open) + 'huu' (air) + 'o' (verb suffix)
airport	dahohin	N	C.	from 'dahohi' (gerund of 'daho', here: to send into air or space) + 'n' (place suffix)
airship	leneveje	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'gänvyee' (/ɣæɲvje/, airship)
ajar	fofe	ADV		from 'foi' (openness) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
alarm	tesohi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'tesohi' (shout)
alarm clock	nuodona a tesohohi	N	C.	literally 'clock of alerting'
alas	hokolukee	I		from 'hokoluki' (bad luck) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix, lengthened to prevent a mishearing better)
alcohol	kelaake	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'gláge' (/ˈglá.ge/, 'alcohol')
alert	tesohova	N	I.	from 'tesoho' (make a noise, alert, shout) + 'va' (material suffix)
alert	tesoho	V	MAJ	from 'tesoho' (to sound)
alertness	netidi	N	I.	from 'neti' (border, limit, side) + 'di' (feeling, here acting as a suffix)
algae	tos	N	W.	root
algae-rich place	dafe	N	W.	root
algorithm	tonikki	N	I.	from 'toni' (here: way, method) + 'tikki' (mathematics)
all	efi	P	I.		referring to unknown / invisible objects, or for general statements. Also used like a determiner
all	uf	P	W.		'Wilderness' gender variant, referring to things that can be found in a jungle or the deep ocean. Also used like a determiner
all	af	P	C.		referring to known / visible objects (e. g. everything here, all food, was caught in the ocean), not a general statement. Also used like a determiner
allegedly	sine	ADV		from 'sino' (here: to call, name) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
alley	tonat	N	C.	from 'ton' (path) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
alliance	kahani	N	I.	from 'kahano' (to bind, tie) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
allocate	hemeno	V	MAJ	from 'hemen' (food allocation point, market) + 'o' (verb suffix)
allow	hoko	V	IR	root	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'allow', intransitive: 'be allowed'). With a 'tine' (into) + a gerund, the intransitive meaning can also be 'be allowed to do', e.g.: 'Hoko Folan tine dahohi.' (Poland is allowed to be sent into space.) It can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'allow (so.) to do sth.') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be allowed to do sth.') 'Hoko todehento ta he na' (I allow you to join) 'Hoko todehento ta he na sondititi (I allow you to join the exploration) 'Hoko daho Folan.' (Poland is allowed to be sent into space.) 'Hoko toho la joohutiti.' (They were allowed to leave the assembly.)
allow	nuo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'nuo' (to give)	allow as in 'render possible, give the opportunity to'
alloy	eva	N	C.	probably from a clipping of 'dovevo' (lumber) + 'a' (common noun suffix), similar to the origin of the '-evo' suffix	only referring to naturally occurring alloys or combinations of metals, and only those already mined or obtained, not those still existing in deposits
alloy	tusaheva	N	C.	from 'tusa' (silver) + 'eva' (here: mined, naturally occurring ore or alloy)	referring to natural alloys containing silver that have been mined or obtained some other way or any kind of silver ore (e.g. Acanthite)
alloy	meihon	N	C.	semantic extension of a loan from Achiyitqan 'méyhonn' (/méjhon:/, bronze)
ally	hetevimehi	N	C.	from 'hetevimo' ('noble' warrior defending something for a good cause) + 'ehi' ('fellow X' suffix)	military ally
ally	kahaniva	N	C.	from 'kahani' (alliance, connection) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
ally	kahano	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'kahano' (to bind, tie)	Often used with the reciprocal voice (-hut)
almond	alis	N	C.	loan from Algaz 'arish' (/ɑɾiʃ/, 'almond'), sometimes preceded by 'uala a' (nut of)	sometimes called 'uala a alis', 'nut of arish', but this is often omitted
almost	letoe	ADV		from 'letolo' (to approach) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
almost always	lidoonif	ADV		from 'li' (to, towards) + 'doonif' (always)
almost nothing	likiovile	ADV		from 'li' (towards) + 'kiovihel' (nothing) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
alone	ike	ADV		from 'iki' (one) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction suffix)
aloneness	ikihi	N	I.	from 'iki' (one) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
along	na	ADP		root	used for example to mean in expressions like 'along the beach'
alongside	todehente	ADP		from 'todehento' (follow) + 'e' (a common preposition/conjunction/adposition ending)
alphabet	hotivaf	N	I.	from 'hotiva' (letter, graph, glyph) + 'f' (multitude/collective suffix)
already	lomohe	ADV		lo (suffice) + amo (perform) + he (now)
alright	kefi	I		from 'uke' (good) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
also	uhu	ADV
altar	kevan	N	C.	loan from Klambari-Jutean 'kewamia' (offering), originally Klambari 'qamiarl' (post-hunting or raid ceremony), often wrongly associated with 'keva' (smoke) + 'n' (place suffix)
aluminium	jesijit	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'yošiczït' (/jɤʃiʝɪt/, aluminium)
always	doonif	ADV		from 'dooni' (time) + 'f' (collective suffix)
ambition	nuhei	N	I.	from 'nuheo' (to try, challenge) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
ambush	vetafami a jotavohi	N	I.	literally 'assault of hiding' or 'hidden assault'
amend	ukeo	V	MAJ	from 'ukea' (betterness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to improving something that was good or at least in an acceptable state to begin with
amid	kove	ADP			root
amnesia	tuved a ilehi a nesatili	N	I.	literally 'evil/illness of memory loss'
among	kove	ADP			root
amount	evokihi	N	I.	from 'evohi' (result) + 'kihio' (to count)
amount	haad	N	I.	semantic extension of 'haad' (bigness)	particularly for rough estimates, uncounted amounts etc. 'haad a efi', literally 'all amounts' translates to 'any amount'
amphibian	novaves	N	C.	from 'nova' (animal) + 'ves' (shore)
amplifier	vaililumo	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'lumo' (strength, power, loudness)
anarchism	sahai a vunamoenil	N	I.	literally 'philosophy of no government'	referring to the theory of anarchism, not e.g. any lifestyle, worldview etc. associated with it, which would be 'kiat a vunamoenil'
anatomy	tonesani a mat	N	I.	literally 'science of body'
ancestor	adona	N	C.	from 'adoni' (previous) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
anchor	koto	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'ngōna' (to hold)	a ship or something else, like a tent
anchor	kotivo	N	C.	from 'koto' (to fasten, fixate, anchor) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
ancient times	niadoni	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'adoni' (ancestors in general, society before now)	referring to the times of ancestors in general, so not any kind of recent past
ancient times	niadona	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'adona' (ancestor)	can refer to certain times or events in the past
and	uh	C			Variant: 'u'
and	u	C
and also	uhe	C		from 'u' (and) + 'ehe' (here: also, too)
angel	sainehuu	N	I.	from 'saini' (person) + 'huu' (air)
anger	ehevad	N	I.	root
angle	fumooti	N	I.	from 'fuumo' (here: to meet) + 'hoti' (line)
anguish	koli	N	I.	from 'kolo' (to lift or be lifted into air by a storm etc.) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
animal	nova	N	C.	from 'no va' ( (a) part lives)
animal group	jufu	N	W.	from 'jufi' (family) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	for wild animals only
animal husbandry	sehuki	N	I.	semantic extension of 'sehuki' (care, caring)
animal keeper	sehukimo	N	C.	from 'sehuki' (care) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
anime	keke	N	I.	loan from Kavrinian 'kokcog' (/kɤkcɤɣ/, anime)
ankle	sulon	N	C.	likely root
annihilate	ilno	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'no' (to be, exist, live)
anniversary	vuhatasi	N	I.	from 'vuhat' (holiday) + 'asi' (event)	a holiday commemorating a specific event
announce	tesohovo	V	MAJ	back formation from 'tesohovamo' (messenger, reporter) + 'o' (verb suffix)
announcement	tesohova	N	I.	from 'tesoho' (make a noise, alert, shout) + 'va' (material suffix)
announcer	tesohovamo	N	C.	from 'tesohova' (message, alert) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Announcer at e.g. sporting events, or a messenger announcing fresh news, not for 'official' political or other really important announcements. 'tesohovomo' is a variant, and has a stronger connotation of 'announcer'
announcer	lihotafamo	N	C.	from 'lihotafa' ([address of the] public) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	'official' announcer for public announcements regarding politics, public services etc. (that is, all the really important stuff), rather than for example an announcer at sport events, or a news announcer
annoy	dusovo	V	MAJ	from 'dusova' (mosquito) + 'o' (verb suffix)
annoy	vuato li	V	MAJ	extension of 'vuato' (to weigh, decide)
annoyance	vuatoli	N	I.	from 'vuato li' (to lay weight on, annoy, bother)
anoint	meneso	V	MAJ	from 'menesa' (oil) + 'o' (verb suffix)
anorak	muuvit	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'muubiwd' (/mu:bɪwd/, 'parka')
answer	memonki	N	I.	from 'memohi' (gerund of 'to say') + 'onki' (fill, satiety)	Not to scientific or mathematical problems, use 'evohi' (result) there
answer	memonko	V	MIN	from 'memonki' (answer, reply) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to answer something would be 'memonko tine', or literally 'to answer into', followed by a noun in the oblique case
ant	meso	N	C.	root
antagonist	etamo	N	I.	from 'et' (against the speaker/person in question) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	not necessarily a or the villain
anticipate	netido	V	MAJ	from 'netidi' (watchfulness, alertness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	usually something negative
antimatter	ilvi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'vi' (matter, stuff, entity)
anxiety	sehukatidi	N	I.	from 'sehukati' (a worry) + 'di' (feeling, here acting as a suffix)	general anxiety
anxiety	havandi	N	I.	'havan' (wilderness, nature) + 'di' (feeling, acting as a suffix here)	A guardedness that can be full of anxiety and/or fear, as for example what you can feel in a jungle where everything might be trying to kill you
any amount	haad a efi	DET		literally 'all amounts'
anyway	uhu	ADV
apart from	netie	ADP		from 'neti' (here: limit) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
apartment	kilitioha	N	C.	from 'kilitiohi' (gerund of 'kilitio', to separate) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	a single apartment, not a building or complex
apartment building	dovi a mihonohi	N	C.	literally 'tower of resting'	a tall building with many apartments in it, not an office block or a smaller apartment building
apartment building	mihonon a kilitiohi	N	C.	literally 'house of separating'	referring to a building or complex of apartments, a single apartment would be 'kilitioha'
apathy	ilsehuki	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'sehuki' (care)
ape	sumke	N	C.	loan from Tnaaq (TRP) sunka /sumkə/ (monkey)	larger monkeys, apes
apologise	nuheo mohomoo	V	MAJ	literally 'try to reconcile'	even used when the apology was accepted
appeal	saimovi	N	I.	from 'saimovo' (causative of 'saimo', to want) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	the appeal something desirable or attractive has
appear	edo	V	MIN	root
appear	ilaso	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'jaso' (to dive, disappear, merge)
apple	tolkadolen	N	C.	from 'toloka a dolen' (mango of the north)
approach	letolo	V	MAJ	from 'leto' (to step) + 'li' (to, towards) + 'o' (verb suffix)
approach	navo	V	MIN	from 'nav' (by, near, beside) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Approaching the speaker.
approach	toni	N	I.	from 'ton' (path) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
approach	tonio	V	MAJ	from 'toni' (approach, method, style) + 'o' (verb suffix)	a problem or similar, with a particular method or style
appropriateness	sei	N	I.	from 'seo' (to hit, strike) or 'se' (exactly) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
aquaculture	haadi an saavade	N	I.	literally 'growth/cultivation in water'
aqueduct	nojivo a saavade	N	C.	literally 'thing with which water is directed', from 'nojivo' ('nojo' to direct + 'ivo' instrumental suffix) + 'a saava' (of water)
aquifer	oenava ude saavade	N	C.	literally 'soil with water'
archer	seamo	N	C.	from 'sea' (here: target) + 'mo' (profession derivation suffix)	Archers who do archery as a sport, rather than military archers or those who use archery for self-defense.
archer	elka	N	C.	from 'elko' (bow) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	also used for animals, monsters etc. that use weaponry akin to bows or other similar ranged ones.
archery	elki	N	I.	from 'elko' (bow) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
archipelago	ite a saavalede	N	C.	literally 'group of islands'
architecture	olumi a haadohi (a nonat)	N	I.	literally 'art of building (of city'	Together with 'a nonat' it means 'urban architecture'
archive	hotifan	N	C.	from 'hotif' (here: letters, documents) + 'n' (place suffix)
archive	itivo	V	MAJ	from 'iti' (here: for archiving) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
archiving	iti	N	I.	from 'ito' (here: to classify, organize, sort) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
archivist	hotifanamo	N	C.	from 'hotifan' (archive) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
area	oee	N	I.	From the area prefix 'oee', found for example in 'oeedova' (forest), originally from 'oena' (soil, ground, land)	Used mostly for land areas only. Spoken as two syllables.
argument	siniva	N	I.	from 'sini' (naming, meaning) + 'va' (inseparable part)
arise	haado	V	IT	semantic extension of 'haado' (to grow)
arm	dena	N	C.	root
armistice	movetafivo	N	I.	from 'mo' (to calm, pacify) + 'vetafivo' (weapon) or 'mo vetafivo' (the weapons are pacified)
armlet	efeni a dena	N	C.	literally 'ring of arm'
armour	netumivo	N	C.	from 'netumivo' (shield) by extension
army	ufenat	N	C.	from 'ufena' (soldier, army) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	referring to larger armies
army	ufena	N	C.	from 'ufeno' (to trace, hunt down, encircle) + 'a' (common noun suffix), originally 'those that trace and hunt down'
around	ufenav	ADP	W.	probably from 'uf' (all, wilderness-related things) + 'nav' (by, near)	for things/places found in the wilderness, for example the jungle or the deep ocean
around	afenav	ADP	C.	probably from 'af' (all, common things) + 'nav' (by, near)	for known things/locations, especially in villages/towns
around	efinav	ADP	I.	probably from 'efi' (all, immaterial/abstract things) + 'nav' (by, near)	for immaterial/abstract/unknown things/places/concepts etc.
arrange	kio	V	MAJ	ki (order) + o (verb suffix)
arrangement	ki	N	I.
arrest	noitadovo	V	MAJ	from 'noito' (here: force) + 'tahadovo' (stick together, connect)
arrival	edi	N	I.	from 'edo' (to come, arrive) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
arrive	edo	V	MIN	root	takes the preposition 'ado/ido/udo' (at a place)
arrogance	nohotai	N	I.	from 'nooho' (to raise) + 'tai' (self)
arrow	tikavetifi	N	C.	from 'tikavet' (spear) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	sometimes also just called 'tikavet' (which usually means spear)
arrowhead	kiovalvu	N	C.	from 'kiova' (sharpness) + 'ilvu' (derivation suffix referring to the end of something)
arsenal	uilan	N	C.	from 'uila' (shelf, tray) + 'n' (place suffix)
art	olumifi	N	I.	from 'olumi' (art) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	literally 'small art', art not part of a bigger project, done on the side or in breaks
art	olumi	N	I.	from 'olumo' (to create, construct) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
art supplies	olumava	N	C.	from 'oluma' (construction, structure) + 'va' (material suffix)
artefact	ikava	N	C.	from 'ika' (ruins, abandoned structures) + 'va' (part suffix)	any kind of previously used object that is no longer used, including, but not limited to artefacts, or a part of them
artistic drive	olumiva	N	I.	from 'olumi' (art) + 'va' (material suffix)
artistic rendering	okiofe	N	C.	semantic extension of 'okiofe' (less abstract concept)
artwork	vi a olumi	N	I.	literally 'thing of art'	despite the noun class, it can be material or immaterial
as	todehente	C		from 'todehento' (follow) + 'e' (a common preposition/conjunction/adposition ending)	this sense is a synonym of ‘because’
as	udase	C		from 'ude' (with) + 'asi' (event) + 'e' (common adverb/conjunction/adposition suffix)	used to talk about actions or events that happened at the same time, not for periods of time or similar
as	ehe	ADP			e.g. ‘work as a teacher’ or ‘use bricks as building material’
as	ehe	C			in the meaning 'according to what, in the same way', e.g. 'They did as they had to do', or 'As for example in...'
as	na	ADP			in e.g. ‘as X said’, but introducing a noun phrase with a gerund rather than a full sentence
as if	ehe	C
as part of	eeve	ADP		from 'ehe' (as) + 've' (made of)
ascend	tovo	V	MIN	from 'tove' (up) + 'o' (verb suffix)
ascent	tovivi	N	I.	from 'tovivo' (stairs) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
ash	vaneefa	N	C.	from 'vano' (to burn) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)
aside from	leteve	ADP	C.	from 'leto' (to step) + 'eteve' (away from)
aside from	letevu	ADP	W.	from 'leteve' (aside from) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
aside from	letevi	ADP	I.	from 'leteve' (aside from) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
ask	hao	V	MAJ
ask for	hao	V	MAJ
assault	vetafamoo	V	MAJ	from 'vettafamo' (aggressive warrior, fighter, invader) + 'o' (verb suffix)
assault	vetafami	N	I.	from 'vetafamoo' (here: to attack, assault) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	including attacks by illnesses, but not heart attacks (see 'ilami a midu' for that)
assemble	mihonafo	V	MAJ	from 'mihonafa' (community hall) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to arrange an intentional assembly or meeting of a group, either regularly, irregularly, or only a single time
assemble	joo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'joo' (to see)	for regular meetings, especially for groups, societies etc. Used only with the reciprocal voice.
assembly	joohut	N	I.	reciprocal form of 'joo' (here: to meet, assemble regularly)	Any kind of arranged, intentional assembly or meeting of a group. Unlike the 'to assemble' sense of 'joo' this can also refer to irregular or singular meetings.
assembly	edife	N	I.	from 'edi' (arrival) + 'fe' (archaic 'together' adverb)
assembly	mihonafi	N	I.	from 'mihonafa' (community hall) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	larger, national or international ones, not local assemblies of communities or assemblies in schools, companies or similar
assign a gender	ninvato	V	MAJ	from 'ninvat' (gender) + 'o' (verb suffix)
associate	udima	N	C.	from 'udimo' (to help) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Slang
association	joomi	N	I.	'joomo' (member of a group or society) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
assume	sahono	V	IR	from 'saiho' (think) + 'no' (be)	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'be assumed to be', 'be assumed to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). This often involves an implied impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is assumed that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is assumed to be a/an ...' to report on someone's or generally held assumptions. Adverbs can be used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is assumed or that which assumed it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Sahono datu hen.' (A beast is assumed to exist here. / Here it is thought that a beast exists [somewhere].) 'Sahono datu a heni.' (A beast is assumed (by some, somewhere) to exist here.) 'Sahono datu a van jumun.' (A dangerous beast is assumed to exist there. / There some assume a dangerous beasts exists [somewhere].) Other adpositions can be used as well: 'Sahono datu ove hisetude hen' (A beast is assumed to exist on top of the mountain here) ===REPORTING AN ACTION OR AN EVENT=== To report on an assumed action or event, (English: 'be assumed to X', where X is a different verb, e.g. 'be assumed to sleep'), the verb has to be added after the main noun/pronoun as part of a 'tine X-GER' (inside X-ing) phrase. Alternatively, the gerund can become the subject to put the focus on the verb, in which case the agent or experiencer can be dropped. 'Sahono datu tine tukohi a heni' (A dancing beast is assumed to exist here. / It is assumed a sleeping beast exists here) 'Sahono tukohi a datude hen' (It is assumed that dancing of the beast takes/took place here) 'Sahono tukohi hen' (Dancing is assumed to take place here) ===HABITUAL STATEMENTS=== Finally, aside from existential statements, habitual ones can also be formed that way: 'Sahono tukohi (anti) hen.' (Dancing is assumed to be (commonly) taking place here.) 'Sahono tukohi dee doonide a ji.' (Dancing is assumed to be taking place at this time [in all/many places].) 'Sahono ta tine tukohi.' (I am assumed to be dancing [a lot].)
assumption	sahoni	N	I.	from 'sahono' (assumption) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	in case = 'ude sahonide' just in case = 'nuhe sahonide a kiovif'
asteroid	vuatavan a vuhifin	N	W.	literally 'dangerous rock of space'
astronomer	asoivuhifimo	N	C.	from 'asoivuhifi' (astronomy) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
astronomy	asoivuhifi	N	I.	from 'asoi' (overview, observation) + 'vuhifi' (star)
asylum	nusaifon	N	C.	from 'nusaifo' (to wake up, heal, cure) + 'n' (place suffix)
at	ado	ADP	C.	root
at	udo	ADP	W.	u (wilderness affix) + ado (at, location)
at	ido	ADP	I.	i (immaterial/abstract affix) + ado (at, location)
at first	nikie	ADV		from 'niki' (origin) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
at least	uuve	ADV		extension from 'uuve' (at the bottom)
at night	in ooniva	ADV		from 'in' (in, abstract gender) + 'ooniva' (night, in general)	for talking about nights in general, rather than a specific one.
at night	idoone	ADV		from 'ido oone' (at night)
at the bottom	uuve	ADP		from 'uuva' (bottom) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
at the other side of	dee	ADP		possibly related to 'dooni' (time) ?
at the same time	doonivave	ADV		from 'doonivava' (simultaneousness) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
atheism	ki a vunamal	N	I.	literally 'belief/theory of no god'
atheist	homanuka a vunamal a iki	N	C.	literally 'believer of no one father/god'	some might imply this to include polytheists as well, but in general it is taken to refer to people who believe that there are no gods at all
athlete	kilitomo	N	C.	from 'kilito' (here: to stretch) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
atom	viva	N	I.	from 'vi' (here: atomic or subatomic matter) + 'va' (material suffix)
attach	kahano	V	MAJ	possibly related to 'kaana' (rope) and NGU 'kahana' (rope)	takes the 'ado/ido/udo' ('at') adposition
attack	fuedoho	V	MAJ	from 'fuedo' (to fall, fell, drop) + 'he' (reflexive suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
attack	vetafamoo	V	MAJ	from 'vettafamo' (aggressive warrior, fighter, invader) + 'o' (verb suffix)
attack	vetafami	N	I.	from 'vetafamoo' (here: to attack, assault) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	including attacks by illnesses, but not heart attacks (see 'ilami a midu' for that)
attempt	doonava	N	I.	semantic extension of 'doonava' (time, instance)
attempt	doonavo	V	MAJ	from 'doonava' (here: attempt) + 'o' (verb suffix)
attend	joo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'joo' (to see)	to attend an event or a meeting, especially of a groups, a society etc.
attendee	mojoohe	N	C.	formed with 'mo- -he' (temporary agentive derivation circumfix) + 'joo' (here: to meet, attend)
attention	sehuki	N	I.	semantic extension of 'sehuki' (care)
attorney	udimohomoo	N	C.	from 'udimi' (support, help) + mohomoo (reconcile, restore)
attractiveness	saimovi	N	I.	from 'saimovo' (causative of 'saimo', to want) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
audibly	deke	ADV		from 'deki' (here: hearing) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
audience	huja	N	C.	from 'hujoo' (here: to watch, view) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	of e.g. a play
audience	deka	N	C.	from 'deko' (here: to listen) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
augmentative indicator	ked	AFF		from 'kedoonif' (forever)	Alternatively 'kedo' when followed by a consonant. Denoting something that lasts, will last or is said to last an incredibly long time, or will take that long, for example a monument, story, or another work or deed that will never be fully completed.
aunt or uncle	avate	N	C.	root	anyone who is in the generation of the parents. The parents themselves are usually referred to as 'vunam', though
authority	vunamat	N	C.	from 'vunam' (parent) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	Legitimate and respected authorities who don't maintain their standing by force, fear or other coercive ways.
avenge	mohomoo (nuhe sainikide)	V	MAJ	literally 'to restore/compensate/harmonize (for someone)'
avenue	tonadova	N	C.	from 'ton a dova' (literally 'path of trees')
avocado	vohoso	N	C.	loan of unknown origin
avoid	amol	V	MAJ	the negated form of 'amo' (here: to do)	conjugated like the regular negated form of 'amo' (to do), e.g. 'amot al ji' - 'This shall be avoided'
awareness	jodaini	N	I.	from 'jodaino' (witness, be aware) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
away from	eteve	ADP	C.	root	Postposition
away from	etevi	ADP	I.	from 'eteve' (common away from) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Postposition
away from	etevu	ADP	W.	from 'eteve' (common away from) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	Postposition
axe	vatakiova	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone prefix) + 'kiova' (sharpness)
axle	kotivo a utukiva	N	C.	literally 'anchor of wheel'
axle	tivivo	N	C.	from 'tivi' (joint, anything that allows for moment) + 'ivo' (instrument suffix)	any kind of tool that enables movement of things that were immobile before, such as heavy weights that require a pulley, or an axle that allows a cart to move (more easily)
baby	nuinafi	N	C.	from 'nuina' (child) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
babysit	vuammo	V	MAJ	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	For non-professional nurses or nannies that aren't hired, but instead do it to help someone, like a friend or family member.
babysitter	vuammo	N		from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	For non-professional nurses or nannies that aren't hired, but instead do it to help someone, like a friend or family member.
back	sivi	N	I.	from 'sivio' (turn around) - 'o' (verb suffix)	as opposed to the front, including of abstract/immaterial things/ideas
back	autti	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'auti' (back)	the body part
back	tohene	ADV		from 'to' (to go) + 'hen' (here) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)	specifically 'back' to where the speaker is or, if running, came from. Does not require a 'li' before the modifying noun.
back	ilte	ADV		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'to' (go) + 'e' (an adverb/adposition marker)
back	sivia	N	C.	from 'sivio' (turn around) - 'o' (verb suffix) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	as opposed to the front, physical objects only
back to	tohene	ADP		from 'to' (to go) + 'hen' (here) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)	specifically 'back' to where the speaker is or, if running, came from. Used for example to urge someone to come back (e.g. 'Come back to use') but not to suggest to return. ('We should go back') Does not require a 'li' before the modifying noun.
backbone	usamat	N	C.	from 'usa' (root) + 'mat' (body)
background noise	laama	N	C.	from 'laamo' (here: to make noise) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
backpack	onkaana	N	C.	from 'onka' (large sealable bag with no handles) + 'kaana' (rope)	referring to backpacks or any larger sealable bag that can be worn on the back or on the shoulder with the help of ropes or strips,
backwards	iltone	ADV		from 'ilton' (way back) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition suffix)
bacteria	sivuatamat	N	I.	from 'sivua' (tininess) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'mat' (body)
bad	doohu	N	I.	from 'dohuo' (to mistreat)
bad luck	hokoluki	N	I.	contraction of 'hokol uke' (goodness not allowed/denied) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
badly	doohe	ADV		from 'doohu' (bad) + 'e' (adverb derivation suffix)
bag	onkifivo	N	C.	from 'onkifi' (small load, filling) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)	usually referring to smaller bags
bag	onka	N	C.	from 'onko' (to fill, be filled) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix), so translating to 'that which is filled'	usually made of jute fiber or similar, sealable and with no handles. Most similar to e.g. bags of coffee filled with bulk goods or liquids, not like a tote bag used for shopping.
bag	vattivo	N	C.	from 'vatto' (to carry) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	a bag like a tote or travel bag used to carry things from one place to another rather than for storage, not commonly used for bulk goods unless they are packaged on their own
bag	onkaana	N	C.	from 'onka' (large sealable bag with no handles) + 'kaana' (rope)	referring to backpacks or any larger sealable bag that can be worn on the back or on the shoulder with the help of ropes or strips,
baguette	sealilnan	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'čalïlnaan' (/t͡ʃɑlɪlɲɑ:ɲ/, baguette), first loaned as 'sehalilnan', with the 'h' dropped later	often shortened to 'seali' or 'deved a seali'
bake	honvano	V	MAJ	from 'ho an van' (keep in fire)
baked good	hovanefa	N	C.	from 'honvano' (to bake) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)	any flavor or filling
baking dish	feva nuhe honvanohi	N	C.	literally 'dish for baking'
baking pan	hovanefivo	N	C.	from 'hovanefa' (cake, baked good) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
baking powder	neu nuhe honvanohi	N	C.	literally 'powder for baking'
baking soda	kosetui	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'koztuy' (/kɤztɯj/, 'soda')
baking stone	vuhata nuhe honvanohi	N	C.	literally 'stone for baking'
balance	mohomo	N	I.	probably related to a 'mo' (to calm, pacify) and 'ho' (to keep), so possibly 'kept calming' in the sense of 'uninterrupted non-disturbance [of being/living]'	Especially a balance of nature.
ball	utuki	N	I.	from 'utuka' (coconut) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
ballistics	nesani a senilohi	N	I.	literally 'knowledge of shooting (with a gun)'
bamboo	neut	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'nut' (/ɲɯt/, bamboo)
ban	ilhoko	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hoko' (allow)
ban	netuno	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'netuno' (here: to wall in, imprison)	e.g. websites, entire TV or radio stations, a language (from being taught in schools, appearing in bookstores) or a religion (e.g. from being practiced publicly). Books, shows, movies etc. would use 'daho' if they are only banned from being sold and/or being broadcast, but 'netuno' if they are e.g. confiscated as well
banana	hosoma	N	C.	root
band	itikoma	N	C.	from 'ite' (row) + 'ikoma' (leaf)
bandit	ilhokomo	N	C.	from 'ilhoko' (to outlaw, ban, break the law) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	someone with a criminal career, an unrepentant criminal
bang together	hevofo	V	MAJ	from 'hevo' (to hit, punch) + 'fe' (together suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
bank	amini a noitoti a lumo a aminif	N	I.	literally 'business of finance', or even more literally 'business of management of economical power'	The financial institution. If referring to a particular building/branch, it's 'amin a noitoti a lumo a aminif', which like the word for the business in general can be shortened to 'amanalaa'
bank	otu	N	W.	from 'ota' (river/lake bank, edge) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar that is dangerous to approach because it has predatory animals or some other danger there
bank	amanalaa	N	I.	short for 'amin(i) a noitoti a lumo a aminif', 'business of management of economical power'	Abbreviation of ‘amini a noitoti a lumo a aminif’ (bank, the financial institution), generally regarded as casual
bank	net a tahoon	N	C.	literally 'coast of river'	referring to a river bank or similar
bank	ota	N	C.	root	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar
bar	tahoin	N	C.	from 'tahoohi' (gerundive of 'to drink') + 'n' (place suffix)
barbecue	eeno	V	MAJ	root
barely	ialme	ADV		from 'ialma' + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
bark	nofo	V	MIN	from 'nofa' (dog)
bark	hatova	N		from 'hai' (the outside) and 'dova' (tree)
barkeep	tahoinamo	N	C.	from 'tahoin' (bar, tavern) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
barn	tunamova	N	C.	from 'tun' (room) + 'amova' (farm animals)	Originally, only smaller animals, for example birds or fowls, were domesticated on the shores where Coastal Jutean was spoken, hence why they were kept in rooms, as they didn't strictly need a separate building. Later, the meaning was expanded to include those, too.
barrier	netunivo	N	C.	from 'netuno' (here: to block, cross) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
bartender	tahoinamo	N	C.	from 'tahoin' (bar) + 'amo' (profession suffix)
base	vevanefivi	N	I.	from 'vevanefi' (basicity) + 'vi' (stuff, element)	chemical bases, neutralizing acids
base on	juto	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'juto' (to settle, make one's home, cultivate etc.)
base on	oeno	V	MAJ	from 'oena' (soil, ground, earth)	When talking about the (static) foundation of something like a house or other building, rather than the cultural or similar foundation of something more abstract/immaterial, like a way of life.
basic right	hokonoeni	N	I.	from 'hokoni' (right) + 'oeni' (foundation, basis)
basicity	vevanefi	N	I.	from 've' (made of) + 'vaneefa' (ash) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	also the ability to work as soap or similar
basin	saavan	N	C.	from saava (water) + n (place suffix)	often used to refer to the body of water (e.g. lake) in it as well
basin	tukivaad a saava	N	W.		a more specific term than 'saavan', which refers to both the basin and the body of water (such as a lake) in it
basin	saavanu	N	C.	from 'saavan' (basin, body of water) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	referring e.g. to a basin deep in a jungle, and usually the lake or other body of water in it as well, which were often filled with dangers such as murky waters, predatory animals etc.
basis	oeni	N	I.	from 'oena' (soil, ground, earth) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
bask	ammo	V	MIN	root
basket	soa	N	C.	from 'soo' (to hold, contain) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
basket	jevo	N	C.	root	referring to wicker baskets made from twigs such as willow or twine made from e.g. jute fiber
basket	soat	N	C.	from 'soa' (bowl, basket) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	referring to larger baskets
bat	kos	N	W.	root
bat	vettivo	N	C.	from 'vetto' (hit) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
batch	ite	N	I.	unknown, cognate with NGU 'ine' (class, type)
bath	sai	N	I.	from sao (swim) + i (immaterial suffix)
bathe	sao	V	MAJ	from 'saa' (sea wave) + 'o' (verb suffix)
bathe in lake or pond	saavano	V	MIN	from 'saavan' (here: lake) + 'o' (verb suffix)
bathroom	tunasaava	N	C.	literally "room of water"	any kind of bathroom
bawl	teluo	V	MIN	root
bay	ulda	N	C.	root	referring to a gulf or similar body of water
be	no	V	IR	unknown	locative, for existential statements ('No...' - 'There is...', ) or as copula, then used with one or two arguments, neither of which get declined.
be a law	teato	V	IR	from 'teo' (to need) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in intransitive sentences, rarely used. A 'tine' (inside) + gerund phrase can be added to mean 'be a law in regards to'
be absent	ilnio	V	IT	from 'ilni' (absence, lack) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be alone	iko	V	IT	from 'ike' (alone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be appropriate	onko	V	IT	root, possible cognate with NGU 'hango' (full)	in the sense of something 'being fitting', not when talking about behavior or words
be arrogant	nohotao	V	MIN	from 'nohotai' (arrogance) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be attacked	teuto	V	IT	from 'teut' (clash, conflict) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be available	sundo	V	IT	root
be aware	jodaino	V	IT	joo (see) + ude (with) + saini (mind) + o (verb suffix)
be balanced	mohomoo	V	IT	semantic extension of 'mohomoo' ([be] harmonize[d], reconcile[d])
be bored	feetedo	V	IT	from 'feetedi' (boredom, laziness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be born	vuno	V	IT
be boundless	netilo	V	MIN	from 'neti' (boundary, border, limit) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be breakable	amdeeo	V	MIN	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'eeo' (be capable of, be generally able to)
be buried alive	unso udase nide	V	IT	literally 'be buried/bury during life'	in transitive sentences 'to bury someone alive'
be burnable	tiseeo	V	MIN	from 'tiso' (to burn, burn up) + 'eeo' (be capable of, be generally able to)
be busy	amo	V	IT		intransitive meaning: 'be kept busy' 'Amo hotio ta' - 'I am kept busy (with) writing'
be calm	mo	V	IT
be capable of	eeo	V	IR	root	Used in intransitive sentences with either a gerund as subject or when there is no oblique object introduced by 'a' (of) to mean 'be [generally] capable of being' Alternatively, used in intransitive sentences with a different noun as subject and a phrase consisting of 'tine' (inside) + a gerund as the only oblique object to mean 'be [generally] capable of doing/...'
be careful	havando	V	IT	from 'havandi' (here: caution) + 'o' (verb suffix), originally meaning 'to cautiously do something'
be certain	ildeso	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'deso' (to bend)
be cold	ilvufano	V	MIN	from 'ilvufani' (cold) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be compassionate	udo	V	MAJ	from 'udi' (compassion, empathy) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be confused	ilikio	V	IT	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ki' (order) + 'o' (verb suffix) second 'i' added in for ease of speech
be content	lomoho	V	IT	from 'lomohe' (perfective aspective indicator)	Used to mean 'be content with what you have, not wanting to have anything else'
be contested	teuto	V	IT	from 'teut' (clash, conflict) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be creative	haado sainiti (a tine)	V	T	metaphorical, literally 'grow the mind'	as it is literally 'grow the mind', but since 'saini' is also the most common way to refer to a person, 'a tine' meaning 'inside' can be added, or alternatively a possessive construction explaining who is being creative, e.g. 'haado sainiti a me ta ma' – 'to grow my mind' or 'to be creative (myself)'
be dangerous	vano	V	IT	van (danger) + o (verb suffix)
be defeated	tefoeto	V	IT	from 'tefo' (to win, achieve, reach) + 'et' ('antagonistic against', against the speaker) + 'o' (verb suffix)	only referring to cases where the speaker or the person being talked about was defeated
be dematerialised	ilno	V	IT	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'no' (to be, exist, live)
be dry	kesato	V	IT	from 'kesate' (dryness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be dull	heito	V	IT	from 'heiti' (dullness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be empty	nuuvo	V	IT	from 'nuuvu' (void, emptiness)
be endless	netilo	V	MIN	from 'neti' (boundary, border, limit) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be equal	neho	V	MIN	from 'nihi' (equality) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be expected to be	sahasio	V	IR	from 'saiho' (think) + 'asijo' (happen) during a time when 'asijo' didn't have a 'j' yet.	Used in intransitive sentences only, in the following cases: – to report on what someone (or a group of people) expects whose identity is not known to the speaker or not supposed to be revealed, – to distance oneself from an expectation or similar, e.g. when the speaker is not entirely sure it is justified This usually implies a greater deal of conviction, at least on behalf of the person or people whose expectations are being reported on, than the similar intransitive meanings of 'saiho' (be thought to be, for regular beliefs) and 'memo' (be said to be, for rumors) It also often involves an implied impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is assumed that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is assumed to be a/an ...' to report on someone's or generally held assumptions. Adverbs can be used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is assumed or that which assumed it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Sahasio datu hen.' (A beast is expected to exist here. / Here it is thought that a beast exists [somewhere].) 'Sahasio datu a heni.' (A beast is expected (by some, somewhere) to exist here.) 'Sahasio datu a van jumun.' (A dangerous beast is expect to exist there. / There some expect a dangerous beasts to exist [somewhere].) Other adpositions can be used as well: 'Sahasio datu ove hisetude hen' (A beast is expected to exist on top of the mountain here) ===REPORTING AN ACTION OR AN EVENT=== To report on an assumed action or event, (English: 'be assumed to X', where X is a different verb, e.g. 'be assumed to sleep'), the verb has to be added after the main noun/pronoun as part of a 'tine X-GER' (inside X-ing) phrase. Alternatively, the gerund can become the subject to put the focus on the verb, in which case the agent or experiencer can be dropped. 'Sahasio datu tine tukohi a heni' (A dancing beast is expected to exist here. / It is expected that a sleeping beast exists here) 'Sahasio tukohi a datude hen' (It is expected that dancing of the beast takes/took place here) 'Sahasio tukohi hen' (Dancing is expected to take place here) ===HABITUAL STATEMENTS=== Finally, aside from existential statements, habitual ones can also be formed that way: 'Sahasio tukohi (anti) hen.' (Dancing is expected to be (commonly) taking place here.) 'Sahasio tukohi dee doonide a ji.' (Dancing is expected to be taking place at this time [in all/many places].) 'Sahasio ta tine tukohi.' (I am expected to be dancing [a lot].)
be experienced	nesano	V	IT	semantic extension of 'nesano' (to know)	referring to professional skills or other ones acquired by studying or formalized training (excluding sports and fights)
be experienced	donosano	V	IT	from 'dono' (to experience) + 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used in intransitive sentences, referring to 'life' knowledge, the kind that usually comes with old age, not professional experience
be finished	lomoho	V	IT	from 'lomohe' (perfective aspective indicator)
be forgotten	tataimo	V	MAJ	from 'to at saini' (go from mind)
be fought	teuto	V	IT	from 'teut' (clash, conflict) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be fought over	teuto	V	IT	from 'teut' (clash, conflict) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be free to	foo	AUX	IR	root	Used as an auxiliary, 'free so. to do sth.' (transitive sentences) or 'be free to do sth.' (intransitive sentences)
be friends with	udimimoo	V	MAJ	from 'udimimo' (friends) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Intransitive meaning: 'to have friends, have become the friend of some' (when used with singular pronouns/referring to single people), or 'be friends' (when used with plural/collective pronouns/referring to multiple people)	'Udimimoo ta haad' I am friend of many. be_friends 1S much/many
be full	onko	V	IT	root, possible cognate with NGU 'hango' (full)	the transitive meaning is equivalent to English 'be full of/with'
be generous	saihonuo	V	MIN	from 'saihoko' (like) + 'nuo' (give)
be gone	noheo	V	MIN	from 'no' (be) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes the 'at' (locative from) preposition.
be happy	anindo	V	MIN	from 'anindi' (happiness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be held	asijo	V	MIN	from 'asi' (event) + 'o' (verb suffix) (+ some sound changes leading 'i' to first become a long vowel and then 'ij')
be held accountable	amivoo	V	IT	semantic extension of 'amivoo' (to control)
be humble	kainijato	V	MIN	from 'ukainijat' (humility) + 'o' (verb suffix) Over time, initial 'u' was lost.
be hungry	muveo	V	MIN	from 'muvee' (hunger) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be important	hiido	V	IT	from 'hiit' (importance) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be imprisoned	no ... tonte netunede	V	MIN	literally 'be behind walls'
be in a coma	netuno in ilvuhide	V	MIN	literally 'be imprisoned in darkness'
be in a condition	sehukatovo	V	IR	from 'sehukato' (to worry) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	particularly a concerning or worrying one, or similar other states of being, exclusively in intransitive sentences.
be in conflict with	teuto	V	IT	from 'teut' (clash, conflict) + 'o' (verb suffix)	transitive meaning, uses no adpositions
be in flux	deso	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'deso' (to bend, fold)
be in good shape	lo	V	IT	root
be in order	kio	V	IT	ki (order) + o (verb suffix)
be in shock	molo na aside	V	IT	literally 'be paralyzed through an event/events'
be insufficient	lolo	V	MIN	from lo (suffice) + l (negation suffix) + o (verb suffix)
be intelligent	hajeo	V	IT	from 'hajee' (wit, intellect) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be interested	saimoho	V	IT	from 'saimohaa' (enthusiasm, interest) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be interested	ofo	V	IT	semantic extension of 'ofo' (to catch)	Slightly colloquial/poetic. Comparable to English 'be caught up in something' Takes the preposition 'ude' (with)
be just	vuatuko	V	MIN	from 'vuatuki' (justice, justness, good decision) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be kind	dekimido	V	MIN	from 'dekimidu' (kindness, being understanding) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be laughed at	veeho	V	IT	from Middle Jutean 'veheho' (to laugh)	Intransitive meaning: be laughed at, be ridiculed.
be lazy	ammo	V	MIN	root
be like	eho	V	MIN	from 'ehe' (like, as, similar to) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used with 'li' (to, towards)
be limitless	netilo	V	MIN	from 'neti' (boundary, border, limit) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be located	ano	V	IT	from 'ana' (place) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be lost	ejaho	V	IT	root, possibly related to 'joo' (to see) or 'ejoto' (cover, disguise, conceal)
be loved	diaadifo	V	IT	from 'diaadif' (love) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in intransitive sentences
be on edge	netido	V	IT	from 'netidi' (watchfulness, alertness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be part of	vo	V	IT	from 'va' (here: inseparable part of something bigger) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used with the preposition 'ude' (with)
be passionate	vano	V	IT	semantic extension of 'vano' (to burn, be wild)
be possible	hokono	V	IR	from 'hoko ni' ('permit life', 'life permits') + 'o' (verbal suffix)	be possible in a given situation. Used in intransitive sentences.
be possible	eeo	V	IR	root	be possible in general, regardless of specific circumstances, when not followed by another verb. Like other stative verbs only usable in intransitive sentences.
be powerful	lumo	V	IT	root
be public	lihotafo	V	IT	from 'lihotafa' (the public) + 'o' (verb suffix)	transitive meaning: 'make sth. public (knowledge), nationalize'
be quick	vuo	V	MIN	from 'vuu' (quickness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Also used to mean 'be quick with something' if followed by a second verb. In that case, the intransitive meaning shifts to 'be X-ed quickly'
be reached	ijotido	V	IT	from 'ijoto' (to throw) + 'ido' (immaterial/abstract 'at')	used when the target (a thing or a place) of the transmission, connection or similar (which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract. E.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time as well anything unknown (including material things), e.g. an unknown place, with that which was used to reach the target a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
be regarded as	sino	V	IT	from 'sina' (name) + 'o' (verb suffix)	In intransitive sentences
be related	tahadovo	V	IT	semantic extension of the original meaning (to glue, stick together)	ergative
be rinsed away	felo	V	IT	root
be sad	do fuedohi	V	MIN	literally 'feel falling'
be said to be	memo	V	IR	semantic extension of 'memo' (to say)	Used in intransitive sentences, and only in the following cases: – to report on what someone (or a group of people) said whose identity is not known to the speaker or not supposed to be revealed, – to mark a statement as being (potentially) unreliable (e.g. a rumor) or something that the speaker is not entirely sure of – as a way of being very formal and distanced Can imply an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is said that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is said to be a/an ...'. Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is reported or that which reported it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Memo datu hen.' (A beast is said to exist here. / Here it is said that a beast exists [somewhere].) 'Memo datu a heni.' (A beast is said (by some, somewhere) to exist here.) 'Memo datu a van jumun.' (A dangerous beast is said to exist there. / There some say a dangerous beasts exists [somewhere].) ===REPORTING AN ACTION OR AN EVENT=== To report on an action or event, (English: 'be said to X', where X is a different verb, e.g. 'be said to sleep'), the verb has to be added after the main noun/pronoun as part of a 'tine X-GER' (inside X-ing) phrase. Alternatively, the gerund can become the subject to put the focus on the verb, in which case the agent or experiencer can be dropped. 'Memo datu tine tukohi a heni' (A dancing beast is said to exist here. / It is said a sleeping beast exists here) 'Memo tukohi a datude hen' (It is said that dancing of the beast takes/took place here) 'Memo tukohi hen' (Dancing is said to take place here) A similar sentence with 'a' (of), but a subject that is not a gerund, requires context or specific intonation to disambiguate, even more so if it uses adverbs: 'Memo udimimo a datude hen.' (A friend said something about a beast here. / Here, a friend said something about beasts [in general/somewhere].) or (A friend of beasts is said to exist here. / Here, a friend of beasts is said to exist [somewhere].') To distinguish it from the basic 'say/mention sth. about' meaning, a sentence using this sense of 'memo' usually only has any other oblique objects introduced by 'a' (of) if the subject is a gerund, with other adpositions being preferred, but mostly restricted to only one object in the sentence. 'Memo datu ove hisetude hen' (A beast is said to exist on top of the mountain here) ===HABITUAL STATEMENTS=== Finally, aside from existential statements, habitual ones can also be formed that way: 'Memo tukohi (anti) hen.' (Dancing is said to be (commonly) taking place here.) 'Memo tukohi dee doonide a ji.' (Dancing is said to be taking place at this time [in all/many places].) 'Memo ta tine tukohi.' (I am said to be dancing [a lot].)
be selfless	nuohe	V	IT	literally 'give yourself [away]'	'saini a nuohe' - 'selfless person'
be silent	motevo	V	IT	from 'motevi' (silence) + 'o' (verb suffix)	intransitive meaning
be silly	lemuso	V	IT	from 'lemusa' (sillyness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be skilled	amesano	V	IT	from 'amesani' (skill) + 'o' (verb suffix)	takes the 'ude' (with) adposition and a gerund or abstract noun + oblique case
be smart	hajeo	V	IT	from 'hajee' (wit, intellect) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be stealthy	tatiovenalo	V	MIN	from 'ato at kiovenal[ede]' (come from nowhere) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be strict	ildeso	V	MIN	semantic extension of 'ildeso' (be unbound)
be successful	amefoko	V	IT	from 'amefoke' (success) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be sure	ildeso	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'deso' (to bend)	be certain about something, a belief or similar
be taken hostage	noitadovo	V	IT	from 'noito' (here: force) + 'tahadovo' (stick together, connect)
be thirsty	lolo	V	MIN	semantic extension of 'lolo' (be insufficient, lack)
be thought to	saiho	V	IR	from 'sai' (thought) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Used in intransitive sentences only, in the following cases: – to report on what someone (or a group of people) believes whose identity is not known to the speaker or not supposed to be revealed, – to mark a belief or similar claim as being unverified or something that the speaker is not entirely sure is true Often implies an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is thought that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is thought to be a/an ...' to report on someone's or generally held beliefs. Similar to 'memo' (be said to), but for statements of beliefs, rather than rumors and other statements deemed unreliable, untrustworthy, of unknown or unstated origin, implying a greater conviction or trust in the truthfulness and accuracy of the statements, at least on behalf of the person or people whose statements are being reported on. Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is reported or that which reported it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Saiho datu hen.' (A beast is thought to exist here. / Here it is thought that a beast exists [somewhere].) 'Saiho datu a heni.' (A beast is thought (by some, somewhere) to exist here.) 'Saiho datu a van jumun.' (A dangerous beast is thought to exist there. / There some think a dangerous beasts exists [somewhere].) ===REPORTING AN ACTION OR AN EVENT=== To report on an action or event, (English: 'be thought to X', where X is a different verb, e.g. 'be thought to sleep'), the verb has to be added after the main noun/pronoun as part of a 'tine X-GER' (inside X-ing) phrase. Alternatively, the gerund can become the subject to put the focus on the verb, in which case the agent or experiencer can be dropped. 'Saiho datu tine tukohi a heni' (A dancing beast is thought to exist here. / It is thought a sleeping beast exists here) 'Saiho tukohi a datude hen' (It is thought that dancing of the beast takes/took place here) 'Saiho tukohi hen' (Dancing is thought to take place here) A similar sentence with 'a' (of), but a subject that is not a gerund, requires context or specific intonation to disambiguate: 'Saiho udimimo a datude.' (A friend thinks about beasts. / A friend of beasts is thought to exist here.) To distinguish it from the basic 'think/ponder about sth.' meaning, a sentence using this sense of 'saiho' usually only has any other oblique objects introduced by 'a' (of) if the subject is a gerund, with other adpositions being preferred, but mostly restricted to only one object in the sentence. 'Saiho datu ove hisetude hen' (A beast is thought to exist on top of the mountain here) ===HABITUAL STATEMENTS=== Finally, aside from existential statements, habitual ones can also be formed that way: 'Saiho tukohi (anti) hen.' (Dancing is thought to be (commonly) taking place here.) 'Saiho tukohi dee doonide a ji.' (Dancing is thought to be taking place at this time [in all/many places].) 'Saiho ta tine tukohi.' (I am thought to be dancing [a lot].)
be thrown	ijoto	V	IT	semantic extension of 'ijoto' (to throw)
be tired	heito	V	IT	from 'heiti' (dullness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be trained	donosano	V	IT	from 'dono' (to experience) + 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used in intransitive sentences, referring to physical activities, e.g. sport, combat etc.
be transmitted	ijoto	V	IT	semantic extension of 'ijoto' (to throw)	in intransitive sentences, can only have inanimate subjects
be trapped	daho	V	IT	from 'dahe' (room, space, spot) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be trapped inside because of bad weather	daho dehi (nadefa)	V	T	from 'daho' (here: to trap) + 'dehi' (weather) + 'nadefa' (inside a building)	in a sentence, the subject would always be 'dehi' (weather), with the direct object being whoever is trapped.
be unbent	ildeso	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'deso' (to bend)
be unbowed	ildeso	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'deso' (to bend)
be uncertain	deso	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'deso' (to bend, fold)
be undead	delvunino	V	MIN	from 'delvunini' (the undead, undeadness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be understanding	dekimido	V	MIN	from 'dekimidu' (kindness, being understanding) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be violent	lumadoo	V	IT	from 'lumadou' (oppression by force) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be void	nuuvo	V	IT	from 'nuuvu' (void, emptiness)
be weird	ilninvo	V	MIN	from 'ilninvi' (weirdness, oddness, oddity) + 'o' (verb suffix)
be wild	vano	V	IT	van (wildness) + o (verb suffix)
be windy	huuso	V	IT	from 'huusa' (wind) + o (verb suffix)
be written	hotio	V	IT	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in intransitive sentences
beach	sanaanet	N	C.	sa[a]n + a (of) + net (coast) Double a because the penultimate syllable is stressed.
beach	saan	N	C.	from saa (wave) + n (place suffix)
beak	onekaat	N	C.	from 'oneka' (jaw) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	only used for larger beaks, for example of an eagle or other predator birds
beak	onekafi	N	C.	from 'oneka' (jaw) + 'fi' (diminutive)	only used for small beaks, for example of songbirds
bean	nike	N	C.	root
bear	nodeo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (to be, live) + 'ude' (with) + 'o' (verb suffix) however, living together with someone (e.g. in a house) is 'nano'
beard	lusa	N	C.	root
beast	datu	N	W.	root	for big creatures (especially those significantly bigger or more powerful than a human)
beat	midi	N	I.	from 'midu' (heart) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
beat	mido	V	MAJ	from 'midu' (heart) + 'o' (verb suffix)
beauty	ohi	N	I.	oho (have) + i (abstract/immaterial suffix)
beauty	ohaji	N	I.	from 'ohaja' (flower) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
because	todehente	C		from 'todehento' (follow) + 'e' (a common preposition/conjunction/adposition ending)
because of	nuhe	ADP		from 'nuo' (give)
become	evotono	V	IR	from 'evoto' (get) + 'no' (be)	This verb behaves like 'to be', it uses two arguments in the direct case, rather than objects in the indirect and/or oblique case.
become a black hole	hemovuhifo	V	IT	from 'hemovuhifi' (black hole) + 'o' (verb suffix)	alternatively, 'evotono ... hemovuhifi' can be used, with the ellipsis being replaced by the subject.
become a companion	todehentemoo	V	MIN	from 'todehentemo' (companion) + 'o' (verb suffix)
become famous	muldafo	V	MIN	from 'muldafa' (person famous for good deeds) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to become famous for good deeds
become native	juto	V	IT	from 'jute' (home of a people) + 'o' (verb suffix)	originally meant 'make part of one's home', now used with a wider meaning. Not used for individual persons unless they are becoming native to a previously uninhabited place. If they become part of an existing society, 'jutio' should be used.
become native	jutio	V	IT	from 'juti' (culture) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in the sense of becoming a part of the culture of a society (for animals, plants and the like) or a member of it (for people)
bed	mihinio	V	MAJ	from 'mihini' (resting, bedding) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Rare variant: 'mihinono' (from 'bed' + verb-suffix)
bed	mihidon	N	C.	from 'mihinido' (to sleep) + 'n' (place suffix)	rare variant: 'mihinon'
bee	ku	N	W.	root
before	ajofane	ADP		from 'ado joafa' (at face) + 'n' (place suffix) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction ending)
before	doniha	C		from 'dooni' (time) + 'ha' ([far] away, outside)
before	doniha	ADP		from 'dooni' (time) + 'ha' ([far] away, outside)
begin	vuno	V	MAJ
beginning	tini	N	I.	from 'tine' (inside, into something immaterial/abstract) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for abstract/immaterial things, e.g. mathematical or IT-related ones
beginning	vuni	N	I.		general
beginning	niki	N	I.	from 'nike' (botanical seed) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	'beginning' as in origin, i.e. the first beginning of something
behave	toniamo	V	MIN	from 'toni' (way, method) + 'amo' (to do)	'tonijamo' is a dialectal variant
behaviour	tonijami	N	I.	probably from 'tonija' (character, individual) + 'amo' (here: to do) + 'i' (immaterila/abstract suffix)
behind	tonte	ADP		from 'todehento' (to follow)	Preposition
being	sifeva	N	W.	from 'sife' (life) + 'va' (here: part)
being understanding	dekimidu	N	I.	from 'dekio' (understand) + 'midu' (heart)
belief	ki	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ki' (order, rank, place)	non-religious beliefs only
belief	homanuki	N	I.	from 'homanuko' (believe) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
belief system	kiat	N	I.	from 'ki' (order, rank, place) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	a belief system that encompasses many or almost all parts of life, rather than only a specific part
believe	homanuko	V	MAJ	from 'homano' (to hold on) + 'uke' (good, goodness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
believe in	tesoamio	V	IR	from 'tesoami' (opinion) + 'o' (verb suffix)	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'believe in', and intransitive: 'be believed to be true/needed/doing') and can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'believe to have done/to do') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be believed to have experienced')
believe in	homano	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'homano' (to hold on to)	usually for meaningful religious or philosophical beliefs, or anything else that provides guidance, motivation etc. in life
believer	homanuka	N	C.	from 'homanuki' (belief, faith) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	e.g. in a religion
belly	ummo	N	C.	root, cognate of NGU 'ūmo' (belly)
belong	ano	V	IT	from 'ana' (place) + 'o' (verb suffix)	For anything that might be seen as inalienable possession, or in the sense of 'feeling at home with' ('I belong with my family'). Takes the 'an/in/un' ('in') adposition.
belonging to	ane	ADP		from 'ano' (here: to inalienably belong to) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)	used in place of 'ano' (to inalienably belong to) when referring to oblique objects, for example for the 'of' in 'I am the best swimmer of my family'. Using 'a' would imply that being a swimmer is an inalienable part of belonging to that family, at least for the speaker, rather than a circumstantial fact.
below	sohuhe	ADP		root
bend	deso	V	MAJ	root
benthic zone	saava a saanuvide	N	W.	literally 'water of sea bottom'
benthos	saanuviva	N	W.	from 'saanuvi' (sea bottom) + 'va' (inseparable part, used like the 'va' in 'nova', animal or 'haadova' plant)
berate	nesatilovo ... a ukainide	V	MAJ	literally 'remind ... of morals'
berm	uila a oena	N	C.	literally 'shelf of soil'
berry	utukifi	N	C.	from 'utuki' (sphere, sphericalness) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
berth	saava	N	C.	from saa (wave) + va (material suffix)
beside	nav	ADP
best	uketa	N	I.	from 'uke' (good) + '[haad]at' (biggestness), over time, only 'at' remained (similar to how the augmentative suffix came to be), which then became 'ta', however 'ukeat' remains in use, too	irregular superlative of 'uke' (good)
best	ukeat	ADV		extension of 'ukeat' (best, noun)
best friend	homo	N	C.	from 'homo' (to cradle, comfort) + 'mo' (profession suffix) which then was deleted over time again
betray	ilukaino	V	MAJ	from 'ilukaini' (shame) + 'o' (verb suffix)
better	ukae	ADV		from 'ukea' (betterness) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
betterness	ukea	N	I.	from 'uke' (good, goodness), derived in a similar way to 'haada' (here: biggerness) from 'haad' (here: bigness)
between	kove	ADP			root
beverage	tahava	N	C.	taha (flow) + va (material suffix)
beware	netumio	V	MAJ	from 'netumi' (guarding, watch) + 'o' (verb suffix)
beyond	dee	ADP		possibly related to 'dooni' (time) ?	Usage notes: 1) spatial: 'beyond a place' (adposition) 2) spatial: 'at the other side of' (adposition) 3) spatial/abstract: missing something (adposition/adverb) 4) spatial: 'somewhere in or on a place to be traversed' (adposition/adverb) 5) temporal 'happening during the passing of a point in time' (adposition)
beyond	haae	ADP		related to 'ha' (far away, outside)
bicycle	tel	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'tog' (/tɤɣ/, 'bike')
Big Bang	tisolumi a vuni	PPR	I.	literally 'explosion of beginning'
big order	kiat	N	I.	from 'ki' (here: order) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
big thing	viat	N	I.	from 'vi' (thing, stuff,entity) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
biggerness	haada	N	I.	from 'haad' (bigness)
biggestness	haadat	N	I.	from 'haad' (bigness)
bigness	haad	N	I.
bile	enuu	N	C.	root	sometimes also called 'tahava a keake' or 'liquid of liver'
bind	kahano	V	MAJ	possibly related to 'kaana' (rope) and NGU 'kahana' (rope)	takes the 'ado/ido/udo' ('at') adposition
biography	tahina	N	I.	tahi (story) + na (life)
biological classification	itohi a havan	N	I.	literally 'classifiying of nature'
biological material	va a havan	N	C.	literally 'material of nature'
biological process	aseji a havan	N	I.	literally 'process of nature'
biology	nesaniavan	N	I.	from 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'havan' (wilderness)
bird	huuva	N	C.	from 'huu' (air) + 'va' (inseparable part, animal similar to 'nova', land animal and 'haadova' plant)
birdsong	tesohuuva	N	C.	from 'tesoha' (sound) + 'huuva' (bird)
birth	vuna	N	C.	from 'vuno' (to begin, make, create, give birth)
birth	nuino	V	MAJ	from 'nui' (giving) + 'ni' (life) + 'o' (verb suffix)
birth date	vuha u dotohaa a vuna	N	I.	literally 'day and year of birth'
bit	sivue	N	I.	Nominalized use of the adverb 'sivue' (a bit)
bite	kiodemo	V	MAJ	from 'kiovo ude memo' (part with mouth)	specifically, 'to bite something off'
bite into	duso	V	MAJ	root
bitterly	ilnuhee	ADV		from 'ilnuheo' (to give up, concede) + 'e' (adverb suffix)	referring both to the taste and feeling
bitterness	ilnuhi	N	I.	from 'ilnuheo' (to give up, concede) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring both to the taste and feeling
bitumen	tahadova	N	C.	semantic extension
black	jehiluhi	N	I.	from 'johi a ilvuhi' (color of pitch-black darkness)
black hole	hemovuhifi	N	I.	from 'hemo' (here: to eat) + 'vuhifi' (star)
black ice	haadalfani a jehiluhi	N	W.	literally 'ice of blackness'
black out	ilvuhivo	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuhi' (pitch-black darkness) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
blackbird	keluu	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'kluuɂ' (blackbird)
bladder	onkaten	N	C.	from 'onka' (liquid or bulk goods container) + 'ten' (urine)
blanket	ikomivo	N	C.	from 'ikomo' + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix), as originally large palm leaves were used as blankets
bleed	sumivo	V	MAJ	from 'sumi' (bruise, small bleeding or similar injury) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
bleeding	sumi	N	C.	root	used for bruises or smaller bleedings or similar injuries
bleep	daho	V	T	semantic extension of 'daho' (here: to imprison, cage, lock up)	In this sense requiring an object and commonly used together with these words: 'daho tahivati (ude viifede)' – 'to censor words (with bleeps)' 'daho tahodeniti (ude viifede)' – 'to censor a conversation (with bleeps)' If bleeping has already been established as the method of censorship or can be deduced by context, than 'daho tahivati' can also mean 'to bleep words'.
blend	keseho	V	MAJ	root	see notes for ‘keseha’ (a blend)
blend	sedamo	V	MAJ	from 'sedame' (mash, stew, porridge)	see notes for ‘sedami’ (a blend)
blend	sedami	N	I.	from 'sedame' (porridge, stew) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	if the mixture is a kind of blend of two or more things, forming a new thing where the ingredients are not (easily) distinguishable anymore, e.g. mashed potatoes with blended with other mashed vegetables, as opposed to a blend of herbs
blend	keseha	N	C.	from 'keseho' (to mix, blend, add) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a blend consisting of (finely or coarsely) grounded items where the individual parts are still visible and distinguishable
bless	fulmohomo	V	MAJ	from 'fulmohomi' (blessing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
blessing	fulmohomi	N	I.	from 'fuli' (here: saying, remark) + 'mohomi' (holiness, religious harmoniousness)
blind	ijio	V	MAJ	iji (blindness) + o (verb suffix)
blindness	iji	N	I.	il (opposite suffix) + ji (seeing, eyesight)
blink	unvo	V	MIN	root
blob	duva	N	C.	from 'duvo' (agglomerate, clot, swell) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	any kind of liquid that has turned solid or coagulated
block	netuno	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'netuno' (here: to wall in, imprison)	not just referring to blocking pathways etc. but e.g. also to blocking a signal (e.g. radio or internet), a language (from being taught in schools, appearing in bookstores) or banning a religion (e.g. from being practiced publicly)
block	non	N	C.	semantic extension of 'non' (settlement, village)	A block in a town forming one neighborhood, or a part of it.
block	lusa	N	I.	literally 'prism of rectangle'	technically incorrect but frequently used due to it being much shorter
block	lusa a fumotileke	N	I.	literally 'prism of rectangle'
block	kunno	V	MAJ	root
blockade	netuuni	N	I.	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	A mental block or blockade keeping you from doing something, be it what you want or need to do, or that keeps you from achieving (including, but not limited to spiritual) freedom, your full potential or other things.
blood	tahavana	N	C.	from 'tahava a ni' (liquid of life)
blossom	ohajo	V	MIN	from 'ohaji' (visual beauty)
blow	huuso	V	MAJ	from 'huusa' (wind) + o (verb suffix)	only used for the wind, a storm or similar
blow	voo	V	MAJ	root, probably imitative	not used for the wind (which would be 'husoo')
blue	jehaadufi	N	I.	from 'johi a haaduf' (color of vegetation) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Also used for greenish blues, turquoise, cyan etc. Light blue/green use 'white', very dark blue/green use 'black'.
blueberry	utukifi a saanuhuu	N	C.	loan translation of South Jutean 'teva kuu' (blueberry, literally 'sky berry')
blueprint	okiofe	N	C.	semantic extension of 'okiofe' (less abstract concept)
blunt	heito	V	MAJ	from 'heiti' (dullness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
board	kiovatefa	N	C.	from 'kiovato' (to saw) + 'efa' (resultative derivation suffix)	e.g. a wooden board
boat	saivo	N	C.	from 'sao' (to swim) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
bob	sao ... te u tohene ...	V	MAJ	literally 'wave (sth.) forward and back'	First parenthesis is where the subject would go, second is where the object, if any, goes.
body	mat	N	C.
body of water	saavan	N	C.	saava (water) + n (place suffix)
body part	mat	N	C.
body part	matava	N	C.	from 'mat' (body) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix), with 'a' added in between due Jutean's phonotactic constraints.
bog	vimel	N	W.	loan from Gfiewish 'bimr' (marsh, wetland), via South Jutean	referring to cold or temperate wetland, not e.g. subtropical or tropical swamps or bogs
bog	fenvolka	N	W.	loan of Klambari-Jutean origin	subtropical and tropical swamps or bogs
boil	favo havandife	V	MAJ	literally 'to cook cautiously'	to boil slowly, or cautiously
boil	favo ... an saavade	V	MAJ	literally 'cook in water'	'an saavade' ('in water') comes after the subject (that boils/is boiled), and can be replaced as appropriate.
bolt	kunnivo	N	C.	from 'kunno' (here: to block, lock) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	something that prevents entry through e.g. a door, like a bolt or lock
bomb	ijoto tisolumivo	V	MAJ	literally 'throw bomb'
bomb	tisolumivo	N	C.	from 'tisolumi' (explosion) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
bone	vutamat	N	C.	from 'vuhata [a] mat' (stone [of] body)
bonfire	vanon	N	C.	from 'van' (here: fire) + 'non' (here: settlement)
book	hotif	N	C.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'f' (multitude suffix)
border	netio	V	MAJ	from 'neti' (limit) + 'o' (verb suffix)
border	neti	N	I.	net (coast) + i (abstract marker)
border crossing point	netin	N	I.	neti (border) + n (place suffix)
border guard	netimo	N	C.	from 'neti' (border) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
border of civilisation	netu	N	W.	net (coast) + u (wilderness suffix)	Historically, the wilderness (rainforest) was the natural border of the Jutean villages.
bore	feetedo	V	MAJ	from 'feetedi' (boredom, laziness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
boredom	feetedi	N	I.	from 'feete' (slowness) +'di' (feeling)	the feeling of boredom
boredom	donaheiti	N	I.	from 'dona' (derivation prefix for words referring to time periods) + 'heiti' (here: dullness)	Also referring to the time spent being bored
borrow	evoto	V	MAJ	semantic extension, originating in the sense of 'receiving/borrowing something from nature'	For natural resources and other things obtained from nature.
botany	nesani a haadova	N	I.	literally 'knowledge of plants'
both	lekee	P		from 'leke' (two) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
both	lekee	ADV		from 'leke' (two) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
bother	vuato li	V	MAJ	extension of 'vuato' (to weigh, decide)
bottle	kasiisii	N	C.	loan of unclear origin
bottom	uuva	N	I.	root
bottom of a water body	saavanuvi	N	C.	from 'saavan' (body of water) + 'uuvi' (bottom)
boundary	neti	N	I.	net (coast) + i (abstract marker)
boundlessness	netili	N	I.	from 'netilo' (be boundless, endless, limitless) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
bout	saadi	N	I.	from 'saa' (wave) + 'di' (feeling), named so because the feeling can come and go like a wave	Only used for emotions and similar.
bow	elko	N	C.	root
bowl	tukivo	N	C.	from 'utuko' (here: to serve food) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
bowl	soa	N	C.	from 'soo' (to hold, contain) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	more used for basket-like bowls
bowlful	uisa	N	C.	from 'uiso' (to collect, gather, forage mushrooms) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
box	sevel	N	C.	root	a kind of container that fully covers the items it contains
bracelet	efeni a dena	N	C.	literally 'ring of arm'
braid	amo ... juteti	V	T	literally 'work the jute'	mostly used for jute fibers, but also used for other fibers, then with the phrasing 'amo ... ehe jutede' (work ... like jute)
brain	anofa	N	C.	from 'an' (common gender 'in') + 'toofa' (head)
brainwash	hotilvuho	V	MAJ	from 'hotio' (to carve in, write) + 'ilvuhi' (darkness)
branch	molu	N	W.	from 'mola' (big stick) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	referring to fallen, usually large branches in the jungle or similar places
branch	konu	N	W.	from 'kon' (branch still attached to a tree) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	for larger branches still attached to trees in the jungle
branch	tik	N	C.		smaller branches
branch	kon	N	C.	root	for larger branches still attached to trees
brazil nut	dunata	N	C.	root
bread	mesetan	N	C.	loan from Gfiewish 'mestan' (bread) via South Jutean 'mesetan' (bread)
break	ikovo	V	MAJ	from 'iko' (to desert, abandon) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
break	amdo	V	MAJ	root
break	mihoni	N	I.	from 'mihono' (to relax) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
break away	amdoheo	V	MAJ	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	if referring to 'breaking away from something', like a country from a union or similar, the reflexive voice is used
break in	amtano	V	MAJ	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'tane' (common 'into') + 'o' (verb suffix)
break into	amtano	V	MAJ	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'tane' (common 'into') + 'o' (verb suffix)
break sticks	amdotiko	V	MAJ	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'tik' (sticks) + 'o' (verb suffix)
break the law	ilhoko	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hoko' (allow)
breakability	amdeei	N	I.	from 'amdo' (to break, shatter) + 'eei' (ability suffix)
breakfast	favefa a vunuhi	N	I.	literally 'meal of dawn'
breakthrough	fohatefivou	N	I.	from 'fohohi at fivoude', literally 'escaping from a storm'
breakwater	netun a saava	N	C.	literally 'walls of the [home] waters'	a 'breakwater' is a construction that e.g. protects a harbor from the effects of bad weather
breast	vume	N	C.	root, cognate of NGU 'wūm' (breast)
breastfeed	nuvuhomo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'heme' (food) + 'o' (verb suffix)
breath	nosaa	N	C.	from no (live) + saa (wave)
breath	temosai	N	C.	from 'temosao' (to breathe in, inhale) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring to a single, or multiple breath of air
breathalyser	vailivaso a nosaa	N	C.	literally 'check-device of breath'
breathe	nosao	V	MIN	from nosa[a] + o (verb suffix)
breathe in	temosao	V	MAJ	from 'tem' (towards oneself) + 'nosao' (breathe)
breathing	nosaohi	N	I.	from 'nosao' (to breathe) + 'hi' (gerund suffix)
breeze	huusafi	N	C.	from 'huusa' (wind) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
brick	lotekeea	N	C.	loan from Klambari-Jutean 'loftekevi' (brick) originally from Klambari 'lofftekwi' (soil-stone)
bridge	alvivo	N	C.	from 'alvo' (to cross, wade through) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
brief	dekivo	V	MAJ	from 'dekiva' (information) + 'o' (verb suffix)
brightness	vuhohi	N	I.	gerund of 'vuho' (to shine, referring to the sun or similar)	only used for the sun or similar astral objects
brightness	voonohi	N	I.	gerund of 'voono' (to shine, glow, illuminate, referring to smaller objects, not e.g. the sun)	used for smaller objects emitting light, not the sun or similar
bring	tavuo	V	MAJ	root	'todivo' is a rare alternate form
bring away	tavuheo	V	MAJ	from 'tavuo' (bring) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	when talking about things or persons that shouldn't be in the place the speaker is talking about, or that were or are being removed
bring down	noituuvo	V	MAJ	from 'noito (lead, make, force) + 'tuuve' (down, downwards) + 'o' (verb suffix)
bring in	tovo	V	MAJ	from 'to' (to go) + 'vo' (causative trigger, here acting as derivation suffix)
bring inside	tinovo	V	MAJ	from 'tino' (to enter) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
broadloom	delonat	N	C.	from 'delon' (loom) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	wide loom that usually requires two weavers and a lot of room
bronze	meihon	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'méyhonn' (/méjhon:/, bronze)
brownie	hovanefafi a lodua	N	C.	literally 'small cake of cocoa'	Often shortened to 'hovalodua'
brownie	hovalodu	N	C.	from 'hovalodua' (shortened form of 'hovanefafi a loduade', 'brownie')	Sitti Jutean
bruise	sumi	N	C.	root	used for bruises or smaller bleedings or similar injuries
bubble	voha	N	C.	from 'voo' + 'a' (common noun suffix)
bubble	voho	V	MAJ	from 'voha' (bubble) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in transitive sentences: cause to have bubbles/be bubbling
bubbling	vohi	N	I.	from 'voha' (bubble) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
bucket	soat	N	C.	from 'soa' (bowl, basket) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
bucketful	uisat	N	C.	from 'uisa' (see above) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	a measurement
bud	luusa	N	C.	from 'luuso' (to sprout, start growing) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
budget	jufino	V	MAJ	from 'jufin' (household) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to be economical
budgeting	jufini	N	I.	from 'jufino' (to budget, run a household) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	An alternative form is 'jufinafa', from 'jufini' + 'afa' (resultative suffix)
build	haado	V	MAJ	expanded meaning of 'haado' (to grow)
build a home	haaheno	V	MIN	from 'haado' (to build) + 'he' (reflexive trigger) + 'n' (place suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
builder	olumo	N	C.	from 'olumo' (here: to construct) + 'mo' (profession suffix) which was then dropped again
building	oluma	N	C.	from 'olumo' (here: to construct, erect) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a (physical) construction, particularly buildings, bridges etc.
building	olumohi	N	C.	gerund form of 'olumo' (here: to construct)	referring to the act of construction
building	dovi a mihonohi	N	C.	literally 'tower of resting'	a tall building with many apartments in it, not an office block or a smaller apartment building
building	hadeefa	N	C.	from 'haad[o]' (to build), with the verb suffix deleted and the resultative derivation suffix 'efa' added (which is said to share a root with the causative trigger suffix 'vo')	general term for any kind of built structure (but not the act of building)
building material	olumava	N	C.	from 'oluma' (construction, structure) + 'va' (material suffix)
building tools	haadivo	N	C.	from 'haado' (grow/build) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
bully	dusovo	V	MAJ	from 'dusova' (mosquito) + 'o' (verb suffix)
bully	heva	N	C.	from 'hevo' (to punch) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
bun	setufi	N	C.	from 'setu' (hill) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix) after the similar shape of the baked good	any kind of small and round baked good
bundle of jute fibers	dufam	N	C.	root	referring to e.g. the drying fibers after they have been separated from the woody part of the stem, so mostly used in a plural sense
buoy	umto	V	MAJ	from 'umta' (driftwood) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used in transitive sentences
bureaucracy	mahavi	N	I.	apparently in reference to a perceived stereotype of Mahavic people	also referring to things like 'loose papers laying around on the floor, sign of too much bureaucracy'
bureaucratic chaos	mahavi	N	I.	apparently in reference to a perceived stereotype of Mahavic people	also referring to things like 'loose papers laying around on the floor, sign of too much bureaucracy'
burial	unsi	N	I.	from 'unso' (to bury) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
burial at sea	unsi a saanu	N	I.	literally 'burial of sea'
burn	vano	V	MAJ	ran (fire) + o (verb suffix)
burn	tiso	V	MAJ	root
burn down	tisoheo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn, burn up) + 'hea' (outwards)
burn out	tisoheo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn, burn up) + 'hea' (away)	in intransitive sentences only
burn up	tisoheo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn, burn up) + 'hea' (away)	in intransitive sentences only
burn up	tiso	V	MAJ	root
burnability	tiseei	N	I.	from 'tiseea' (that which is capable of burning), which in turn comes from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'eeo' (to be capable of) + 'a' (common noun suffix), with 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix) added
burst	tiso	V	MAJ	root
bury	unso	V	MAJ	root
bush	kuseluf	N	C.	from 'kuselu' (twig) + 'f' (collective suffix)
bush	mosel	N	C.	root	smaller shrubs and bushes
business	amini	N	I.	from 'amin' (workplace) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring not to a place, but the enterprise itself.
business	amin	N	C.	from 'ami' (work, job, duty) + 'n' (place suffix)	referring to the physical location of an enterprise
but	moji	C		amo (do) + ja (this) + i (abstract suffix)
butter	nea a akaviki	N	C.	literally 'that which is ground [and] of milk'	dialectal term, somewhat loosely translated as 'ground milk', or more literally 'that which is ground [and] of milk'
butter	kinu	N	C.	loan from Achyitqan 'gihnu' (/gɪhnu/, 'butter')
button	tehekohen	N	C.	from the locative trigger form of 'teheko' (to move, push, put off)
buzz	asuuo	V	MIN	from the onomatopoeia 'asuu' referring to the sound bees make + 'o' the verb suffix	often pronounced [azu:]
by	na	ADP		root	used in the sense of 'through, by means of', as for example 'winning through/by luck'
by	nav	ADP			When referring to locations, such as 'by the tree'
by	a	ADP
bye	jootut (fa)	PHR		from 'joot hut fa' (Reciprocal of 'joo', to see, in the subjunctive mood + collective, inclusive first person pronoun)	The 'fa' is often omitted and only implied
cactus	doka	N	W.	from Adzamasi (ADZ) 'aQóD' /do:qɐ/ (cactus)
cage	daho	V	T		used in transitive sentences only
cake	hovanefa	N	C.	from 'honvano' (to bake) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)	can be savory as well
cake tin	hovanefivo	N	C.	from 'hovanefa' (cake, baked good*) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
calculate	tikko	V	MAJ	from 'tikki' (mathematics) + 'o' (verb suffix)
calculation	tikkohi	N	I.	from the gerund form of 'tikko' (to calculate), 'tikkohi'
calculator	vailitikki	N	C.	from 'vaili' (tool/machine derivation prefix) + 'tikki' (mathematics)	often shortened to 'vailikki'
calendar	nuavuha	N	C.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'vuha' (day)
calf	tonna	N	C.	root	referring to the part of the leg below the knee
call	sino ... ehe	V	MAJ	literally 'call/be called ... as'	to refer to someone with a particular name
call	sinivi	N	I.	from 'sinivo' (phone, mobile) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
call	sino	V	MAJ	from 'sina' (name) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to get someone’s attention through yelling or similar
call	sinivoo	V	MAJ	from 'sinivo' (phone, mobile) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to call someone with the telephone
calm	mo	V	MAJ
calm	mi	N	I.
calm sea	musu	N	W.	from 'mo' (to calm) + 'saanu' (open sea)
camera	vunivo a nioonide	N	C.	literally 'creating-tool of movies'
camp	nuno tane mihononede a dela	V	MIN	literally 'to dwell in a tent (=house of fabric)'
campfire site	tisan	N	C.	from 'tisa' (flame) + 'n' (place suffix)
can	fule	N	C.	unknown, probably a root
can	eeo	AUX	IR	root	Referring to generally being able to do something. Used as an auxiliary in both transitive (e.g. 'They generally can do it') and intransitive sentences (e.g. 'They generally can swim').
can	hokono	AUX	IR	from 'hoko ni' ('permit life', 'life permits') + 'o' (verbal suffix)	Referring to currently being able to do something, or in a given situation, i.e. being in the right circumstances for something. Used as an auxiliary in both transitive (e.g. 'They currently can do it') and intransitive sentences (e.g. 'They currently can fly').
canal	tonat a saava	N	C.	literally 'road of water'
candle	sefe	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan spéɂ /spéʔ/ (candle)
candy	somma	N	C.	from 'sommu' (sweetness) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
candy	visommu	N	C.	from 'vi' (thing) + 'sommu' (sweetness)	alternate term for ‘somma’ (candy)
canister	fule	N	C.	unknown, probably a root
canoe	minna	N	C.	root
canyon	faivun	N	W.	loan from Lithian (LHN) fairun (/faiɾun/, canyon)
capability	eehi	N	I.	from 'eeo' (to be able to, to be capable of) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
cape	desofena a autti	N	C.	literally 'clothing of back'	clothing item worn over the back
capillarity	evohi a emti a tahava	N	I.	literally 'the effect of sucking up of liquid'
capital	sitti	N	C.	unknown
capitalism	ki a hokehut a tonija	N	I.	literally 'ideology of individual trade'
captain	hoollemu	N	C.	shortened loan from Classical Neviran xāllemūŧēl (/xɒ:l:ɛmu:θɛ:l/, admiral)
car	jaas	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'yööz' (/jʌ:z/, 'car')
car accident	hokoluki a vailita	N	I.	literally 'crash of vehicle'	the word for car, 'jaas', can be used, but it's uncommon
car crash	atti a vailita	N	C.	literally 'crash of vehicle'	the word for car, 'jaas', can be used, but it's uncommon
caramel	usetiimi	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'ɂuctiimilqo' (/ʔut͡ʃti:mɪlqo/, 'caramel')
caravan	sasaa	N	C.	loan from Balak jaza (/d͡ʒɑˈzɑ/, 'caravan')	referring to anything resembling trade caravans or other kind of caravans, including trains
caraway	minko	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'miŋgo' (/miŋgo/, caraway plant)	referring to the spice
carbohydrate	nuaite a kim	N	C.	literally 'class of sugar'
cardamom	feo	N	C.	loan from Azri 'paoʔ' (/pɶoʔ/, cardamom)
care	sehuko	V	MAJ	root	doesn't require a benefactive for, but is sometimes inserted for emphasis, though this can be seen as ungrammatical.
care	sehuki	N	I.	from 'sehuko' (to stand behind, lean over so., care for so.)
care for	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
care for pet	sehuko	V	MAJ	root	doesn't require the benefactive for 'nuhe', but this is sometimes inserted for emphasis, though this can be seen as ungrammatical.	'Sehuko ta nofati.’ I care for a dog. (Care 1S dog-IDR)
career	tovivi	N	I.	from 'tovivo' (stairs) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
carefully	havandife	ADV		from 'havandifi' (carefulness) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
carefulness	havandifi	N	I.	from 'havandi' (guardedness, caution, anxiety) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	less anxious, 'calmer' than the caution 'havandi' refers to
carelessness	ilsehuki	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'sehuki' (care)
caretaker	sehukumo	N	C.	from 'sehuko' (here: to care) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Someone who raises children as their own.
cargo ship	kiovasaa a helsehat	N	C.	literally 'ship of (shipping) container'
carnivore	hemaviholu	N	C.	from 'hemo a viholude' (eater of meat)
carriage	tivo	N	C.	from 'to' (to go) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
carrier	vattimo	N	C.	from 'vatti' (carrying, load) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
carrot	aeka	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'ɂóekta' (//ʔó.ɛk̚ta/, carrot)
carry	vatto	V	MAJ	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
carrying	vatti	N	I.	from 'vatto' (to carry) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
cart	vailivatti	N	C.	from 'vaili' (prefix for tools that take over tasks) + 'vatti' (carrying)
carve	helko	V	MAJ		To carve from wood, metal or other materials in a way that creates chippings.
carve	kiso	V	MAJ	root
carve	hotio	V	MAJ	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'o' (verb suffix)	mostly used to refer to carving something in, like letters or symbols, or a drawing
carve out	kiso	V	MAJ	root
carving	helka	N	C.	root	a wood or other kind of carving, but not incisions or similar
case	sahoni	N	I.	from 'sahono' (assumption) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	in case = 'ude sahonide' just in case = 'nuhe sahonide a kiovif'
case	sevel	N	C.	root	a kind of container that fully covers the items it contains
case	aseji	N	I.	from 'asijo' (to happen, take place) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	e.g. of bad luck. in case = 'dee asejide'
case	ninva	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ninva' (e.g. 'role')	referring to grammatical cases
cast	mativo	N	C.	from 'mato' (to shape, form) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
cast a shadow	ejoto	V	MAJ	root
cast a spell	lumo ... na tesoamade	V	MAJ	literally 'be powerful/power sth. through voice'	no preposition needed, target follows subject immediately as direct object in transitive sentences or as subject of intransitive sentences follows the verb
casting	matohi a sitilivade	N	I.	literally 'shaping/forming of some/the metal'	referring to metal casting
castle	mihonafa a netun	N	C.	literally 'walled community hall'
castle	netun	N	C.	shortening of 'mihonon a netun' ('walled house', or fort) or 'mihonafa a netun' ('walled community hall')	also referring to any walled building, structure or complex
castle inhabitant	netummo	N	C.	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'mo' (agentive derivation suffix)	anyone living voluntarily in or behind walls or walled buildings
cat	nijauva	N	C.	from 'nijau' (onomatopeic) + 'nova' (animal)
catalyser	udimivo	N	I.	from 'udimo' (to help, support) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
catch	daho	V	T		only sometimes used in transitive sentences to mean 'to catch with a net', 'to catch by locking up in a closed space' or something similar
catch	ofo	V	MAJ	root	with hands, not by locking in or with a net or something similar, or for other animate or inanimate subjects
catcher	ofomo	N	C.	from 'ofo' (to catch with hands) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
catchment area	oeefofeohi	N	C.	from 'oee' (area) + 'fofeohi' (gerund of 'fofeo', to rain)	referring to the area that serves as the source for a water outlet, like a river
category	nuaite	N	I.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'ite' (group, set)
cattle	senuuja	N	C.	loan from South Jutean 'senuje' (cattle farm), originally from Old Gfiewish 'stenujwe' (cowshed), equivalent to modern Gfiewish 'tnulme' (/tnɯɭmɛ/, cattle). Doublet of 'tinulen' (meadow), which entered the language via Klambari and Klambari-Jutean.
cauldron	sedaat	N	C.	from 'seda' (pot) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
cause	novi	N	I.	from 'novo' (here: to cause) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	the reason for something
cause	sehukivi	N	I.	from sehuko 'to care' + vi 'abstract thing'	something that people rally behind, a good cause
cause	novo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (to be, exist, live) + 'vo' (causative trigger, here used as a derivation suffix)
cause a mass panic	vomiso	V	MAJ	from 'vomisa' (fear- or scaremongering) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Intransitive meaning: 'to be used to cause a mass panic'
cause a problem	vutano	V	MAJ	from 'vutani' (problem) + 'o' (verb suffix)	When used in a transitive sentence, the direct object has to be person, being, thing etc. that now is having a problem.
cause anguish	kolijo	V	MAJ	from 'koli' (torment, anguish) + 'o' (verb suffix) Palatalization lead to the introduction of a 'j' before the final 'o'
cause concern	sehukatovo	V	IR	from 'sehukato' (to worry) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'cause so. concern', and intransitive: 'be caused to be concerned'). In intransitive sentences gerunds are, unlike with other syntactically similarly working words such as 'memo' or 'saiho' introduced by 'nuhe' (for, because of). It can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'cause so. to be concerned about (so.) doing sth.') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be made concerned about sth.')
cause pain	holdo	V	T	from 'holde' (pain) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cause sparks	keleavo	V	MAJ	from 'kelea' (spark) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
cause symptoms	ilikimo	V	MAJ	from 'ilikimat' (disease, illness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cause to act unethically	ilukainivo	V	MAJ	from 'ilukaini' (shame, scandal, dishonorableness) + 'vo' (causative derivation suffix)
cause to worry	sehukatovo	V	IR	from 'sehukato' (to worry) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'cause so. to worry', and intransitive: 'be caused to worry (about doing sth.)'). In intransitive sentences gerunds are, unlike with other syntactically similarly working words such as 'memo' or 'saiho' introduced by 'nuhe' (for, because of). It can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'cause so. to worry about (so.) doing sth.) and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be made worried about sth.')
caution	havandi	N	I.	'havan' (wilderness, nature) + 'di' (feeling, acting as a suffix here)	A guardedness that can be full of anxiety and/or fear, as for example what you can feel in a jungle where everything might be trying to kill you
cautiously	havande	ADV		from 'havandi' (caution) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
cave	fusu	N	W.	from 'fus' (pit) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	especially, but not exclusively, underground caves
cave	vasa	N	W.	root
cave system	fusuf	N	W.	from 'fusu' (here: cave, underground cave) + 'f' (collective suffix)	a cave system or series of caves
cavern	fusuf	N	W.	from 'fusu' (here: cave, underground cave) + 'f' (collective suffix)	a cave system or series of caves
cavity	tukivu a haad	N	W.	from 'tukivo' (bowl used to serve food) + 'u' (wilderness suffix) + 'a haad' (of bigness)	naturally formed hole or hollow depression in the ground, wood or rock that is of a larger size
cavity	tukivu	N	W.	from 'tukivo' (bowl used to serve food) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	small naturally formed hole or hollow depression in the ground, wood or rock
ceasefire	movetafivo	N	I.	from 'mo' (to calm, pacify) + 'vetafivo' (weapon) or 'mo vetafivo' (the weapons are pacified)
celebrate	doonato	V	MAJ	from 'doonat' (special occasion, celebration) + 'o' (verb suffix)
celebration	doonat	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
cell	matavafi	N	C.	from 'matava' (body part) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
cemetery gardener	vasomo a unsan	N	C.	literally 'maintainer of grave'
censor	daho	V	T	semantic extension of 'daho' (here: to imprison, cage, lock up)	In this sense requiring an object and commonly used together with these words: 'daho tahivati' – 'to censor words' 'daho vunojati/niooniti' – 'to restrict a show/movie from public viewing' 'daho kioviti' – 'to censor a part (of a movie/show/etc.) 'daho hotifiti' – 'to restrict the circulation of a book (while not banning the possession of it)'
censorship	dahohi	N	I.	from the gerund form of 'daho' (here: to restrict, censor)	Commonly used together with these words: 'dahohi a tahivade' – 'censorship/censoring of words' 'dahohi a vunojade/nioonide' – 'censorship/censoring of a show/movie' 'dahohi a kiovide' – 'censorship of a part (of a movie/show/etc.) 'dahohi a hotifide' – 'censorship/restriction of the circulation of a book (while not banning the possession of it)'
centralisation	midivi	N	I.	from 'midi' (centre, centricity) + 'vi' (here: causator noun derivation suffix)
centre	midi	N	I.	from 'midu' (heart) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
centre	midio	V	MAJ	from 'midi' (centre) + 'o' (verb suffix)
centricity	midi	N	I.	from 'midu' (heart) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
ceremony	doonat a muje	N	I.	literally 'celebration of a rite'
certainly	ildese	ADV		from 'ildeso' (be unbowed, certain about sth.) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
certainty	ildesi	N	I.	from 'ildeso' (be unbent) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
certificate	tesohovi	N	I.	from 'tesohovo' (here: to report) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
chain	noitadova	N	C.	from 'noito' (here: force) + 'tahadovo' (stick together, connect) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	rarely, 'noitodovo' is also used for the noun
chain	noitadovo	V	MAJ	from 'noito' (here: force) + 'tahadovo' (stick together, connect)
chain together	noitadovo	V	MAJ	from 'noito' (here: force) + 'tahadovo' (stick together, connect)
challenge	donatavani	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'tavani' (truth)
challenge	nuheo	V	MAJ	root	especially when used with the reciprocal voice, or in some contexts intransitively
challenge	tei	N	I.	from 'te' (against, onward, forward) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
chance	hokoni	N	I.	from 'hokono' ('life allows', be in the right circumstances to do something) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
change	ilehi	N	I.	from 'ilehe' (unlike) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	literally 'unlikeness'
change	ileho	V	MAJ	from 'ilehi' (difference) + 'o' (verb suffix)
channel	tonetun	N	C.	from 'ton' (way) + 'netun' (prison)
chant	uivato	V	MAJ	from 'uivo' (to sing) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
chant	lumo a tesoama	N	I.	literally 'power of voice'	can be magical, religious, political
chant	lumo ... na tesoamade	V	MAJ	literally 'be powerful/power sth. through voice'	Can be magical, religious, political. Subject and objects come before 'na tesoamade'.
chaos	mahavi	N	I.	apparently in reference to a perceived stereotype of Mahavic people, that might go back to the times when missionaries visited the island.	referring to political, bureaucratic or similar chaos that arises from a lack of organization or an overload of information, demand or similar.
chaos	ilikiat	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kiat' (here: big order)
character	tonija	N	I.	from 'tonije' (kind of) + 'a' (common noun suffix), but as the word became more of a general term, the noun class later shifted to the immaterial/abstract one.
character development	tovivi	N	I.	from 'tovivo' (stairs) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
characteristic	eeofula	N	I.	from 'eeo' (able to) + 'fuli' (remark) + 'a' (common noun suffix), so literally translating to 'something that can be remarked (upon)'
characteristic	noha	N	I.	from 'nohi' (gerund of 'no', 'to be') + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Zero derivation that changes the noun class from common to immaterial/abstract
charity	joomi a udimi	N	I.	literally 'society/association of help'	referring to a charity organization
chase	vutonto	V	MAJ	from 'vuo' (to run) + 'tonte' (after) + 'o' (verb suffix)
chase	noito to	V	MAJ	literally 'to lead to go', with 'to lead' meaning 'to make so. do sth.'
chase away	vuheo	V	MAJ	from 'vuo' (run) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
check	asotilo	V	MAJ	from 'aso' (to look at) + 'tilo' (again)	to double check, check in with someone again after some time
check	vaso	V	MAJ	root
cheek	keen	N	C.	root
cheerfulness	vuha	N	I.	semantic extension of vuha ('sun')
cheese	dafute	N	C.	from unknown Klambari origin
chemical	tahava a nesaniva	N	I.	literally 'liquid of physics/chemistry'
chemistry	nesaniva	N	I.	from 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'niva' (physical matter)
cherimoya	suuma	N	C.	root
chest	feohaa	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'peuhau' (chest)
chew	oneko	V	MAJ	from 'oneka' (jaw) + 'o' (verb suffix)
chewing	oneki	N	I.	from 'oneko' (to chew) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
chick	eselkofi	N	C.	from 'eselko' (chicken) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	a young chicken
chicken coop	tuneselko	N	C.	from 'tun' (room) + 'eselko' (chicken)
chief	vunamoena	N	C.	from 'vunam' (parent) + 'oena' (soil, ground, land)
chieftain	vunamoena	N	C.	from 'vunam' (parent) + 'oena' (soil, ground, land)
child	nuina	N	C.	nui (giving) [+ a (of)] + na (life)	Used for any relatives in your child's generation, this includes nephews, nieces etc.
childhood	nihinuina	N	I.	from 'nihi a nuina' (age of child)
chill	uhaso	V	MIN	semantic extension of 'uhaso' (lie around)
chin	eku	N	C.	root
chirp	siio	V	MIN	root, imitative
chirp	diito	V	MIN	from 'diit' (a peep, or the sound some birds make)
chocolate	somaloda	N	C.	from 'somma' (sweet, candy, confection) + 'lodua' (cocoa) 'u' was lost over time due to shortening and sound changes
choice	hedadi	N	I.	from 'hedado' (choose, select) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
choose	hedado	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (take) + 'oda' (from) + 'o' (verb suffix), with the 'o' in between the two 'd's becoming 'a' later on
chop	tof	N	C.	root, imitative
chop	tofo	V	MAJ	from 'tof' (chop, cut, severing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
chop	dakko	V	MAJ	root of imitative origin
chorus	uivimof	N	C.	from 'uivimo' (singer) + 'f' (collective suffix)
chronicle	hotif a tahif	N	C.	literally 'book of history'
church	mosaihin	N	C.	mosaihi (prayer) + n (place suffix)
cinema	nioonin	N	C.	from 'niooni' (dream, film) + 'n' (place suffix)
cinnamon	kimsii	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'gihmtsií' (/gɪhmtsǐ:/, cinnamon)
circle	efeni	N	I.	from 'efino (to mark, note, encircle) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
circle	afeno	V	MAJ	from 'afenav' (common around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
circulatory system	vattivi a mat	N	C.	literally 'that of the body which causes (blood) to be carried'
city	sitti	N	C.	unknown	Sitti Jutean, referring specifically to the city of Sitti, where the dialect is mostly spoken. Sometimes also used for other cities.
city	nonat	N	C.	from 'non' (dwelling, settlement) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
city dweller	ninonata	N	C.	from 'ninonat' (city life) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
city life	ninonat	N	I.	from 'ni' life + 'nonat' city, town	usually neutral, but sometimes also mocking, rarely pejorative
city lifestyle	ninonat	N	I.	from 'ni' life + 'nonat' city, town	usually neutral, but sometimes also mocking, rarely pejorative
civil service	amafa	N	I.	from 'ami' (work, deed) + 'afa' (suffix denoting something in collective use)	public offices that are unelected, so not part of the three main branches
civil war	vetafa kove nonafede	N	I.	literally 'war between communities'
civilisation	sainif a kiat	N	C.	literally 'society of big order'
cladding	desofena	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to wrap) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	protective coating
claim	sino ... havaniti	V	T	literally 'call ... truth'
clan	noni	N	I.	from 'non' (settlement) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	Jutean families traditionally tended to live a lot in the same place and didn't move around much.
clarify	hujotivo	V	MAJ	from 'hujoti' (clarity) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
clarity	hujoti	N	I.	from 'hujote' (clearly) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
clash	teut	N	I.	from 'te' (against, onwards) + 'hut' (reciprocal suffix)	Not necessarily referring to a violent conflict, 'vettaf' is more commonly used for that.
clash with	teuto	V	T	from 'teut' (clash, conflict) + 'o' (verb suffix)	transitive meaning, uses no adpositions
class	nuaite	N	I.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'ite' (group, set)	a 'class' as in a certain category or type
classify	ito	V	MAJ	from 'ite' (group, row) + 'o' (verb suffix)
claw	vosa	N		root
clay	vonna	N	C.	root
clayware	sedanvi	N	C.	from 'seda' (pot) + 'an' (in) + 'van' (here: fire)	used for baking or roasting
clean	saavo	V	MAJ	saava (water, generic) + o (verb suffix)
cleaner	saavimo	N	C.	from 'saavi' (cleanliness) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
cleaning	saavi	N	I.	from 'saavo' (to wet, clean) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
cleanliness	saveefa	N	I.	from 'saavo' (to wet, clean) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)
clear away	ameo	V	MAJ	from 'amo' (do) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
clearly	hujote	ADV		from 'hujota' (observation) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
clearness	saveefa	N	I.	semantic extension of 'saveefa' (cleanliness)
cliff	ialma	N	W.	root
climb	loto	V	MAJ	root
climb	tuloo	V	MAJ	root
climb down	loto	V	T	root
climb stairs	lejovo	V	MAJ	from 'leto' (to step) + 'jove' (onto) + 'o' (verb suffix)
clip	nioonifi	N	I.	from 'niooni' (here: film) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
cloak	ejoto	V	MAJ	root
clock	nuodona	N	C.	from 'nuo dooni' (give time)
clone	donaleka	N	C.	from 'donaleko' (to double/clone) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
clone	donaleko	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'donaleko' (to double)
close	femmoo	V	MAJ	from 'femmo' (door, handle) + 'o' (verb suffix)	the direct object in transitive or subject in intransitive sentences are places that are being closed, e.g. rooms, houses etc. rather than doors
close friendship	homo	N	I.	semantic extension of 'homo' (good friend)
closeness	navi	N	I.	from 'nav' (by, near, beside) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
clot	duva	N	C.	from 'duvo' (agglomerate, clot, swell) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	any kind of liquid that has turned solid or coagulated
clot	duvo	V	MIN	root
cloth	desofenava	N	C.	from 'desofena' (here: clothes, clothing) + 'va' (material, part)
clothes	desofena	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to wrap) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	for clothes that are wrapped around the body or put on in a similar way
clothing	ejotamat	N	C.	from 'ejoto' (to cover) + 'mat' (body)
clothing	desofena	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to wrap) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	for clothes that are wrapped around the body or put on in a similar way
clotting	duvi	N	I.	from 'duvo' (agglomerate, clot, swell) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
cloud	vianuhu	N	I.	from 'vi' (thingamajig) + 'an saanuhuu' (in sky)
club	vettivo	N	C.	from 'vetto' (hit) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	a cudgel
club	molo	V	MAJ	from 'mola' (stick, club) + 'o' (verb suffix)
club	mola	N	C.	root	a cudgel, usually just a bigger stick
club	fuumonifi	N	C.	from 'fuumon' (institute etc.) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	an association
coagulation	duvi	N	I.	from 'duvo' (agglomerate, clot, swell) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
coagulation	duvi (a vifi)	N	I.	literally 'clotting (of particles)'	referring to the water treatment process in particular
coal	naik	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'naikh' (/na.ɪkx/, coal)
coarse sand	seku	N	C.	root
coarsely shredded coconut	setaseka	N	C.	from 'seta' (coconut meat) + 'seka' (shredded food)
coast	net	N	C.
coastal seafloor	saanevi	N	C.	from 'saan' (here: coastal waters) + 'uuvi' (bottom)
coastal water	saanetava	N	C.	from saanet + ava (material suffix)
coastal waters	saan	N	C.	from saa (wave) + n (place suffix)
coastline	netaf	N	C.	net (coast) + af (entirety suffix)
coat	ejoto	V	MAJ	root
cocoa	lodua	N	C.	root
coconut	utuko	N	C.	root
coconut butter	nea a unosi	N	C.	literally '(commonly coconut) flour of wetness', or more loosely 'that which is ground and wet'	ground fresh coconut meat, also known as creamed coconut
coconut cream	keluko a afuva	N	C.	literally 'coconut milk of fat'	made like coconut milk, but containing less coconut water
coconut flour	nea	N	C.	from 'neo' (to mill, grind) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	if not explicitly stated otherwise, otherwise it can refer to any kind of flour
coconut husk	futuko	N	C.	from 'fudu' (shell) + 'utuko' (coconut)
coconut meat	seta	N	C.	possible root
coconut milk	keluko	N	C.	root
coconut oil	lomni	N	C.	root
coconut water	evutu	N	C.	from 'eevuhu' (juice, sap) + 'utuko' (coconut)
code	hotivahi	N	I.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'vahi' (tool, machine)
code	hotajoti	N	I.	from 'hoti a ejoti' (hidden line, sentence)
coerce	lumo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'lumo' (power, to power sth., to be powerful)
coffee	jefije	N	C.	loan from Veridian 'qpÿ' /ɟpɪj/ (coffee)
coffee substitute	jefije a ilehi	N	C.	literally 'other coffee'
coherence	deli	N	I.	from 'delo' (to weave fiber) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
coil	desofeno	V	MAJ	from 'deso' (bend) + 'afenav' (around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
coil	desofenefa	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (to coil, wind, wrap) + 'efa' resultative noun derivation suffix
coir	nekko	N	C.	unknown	usually referring to retted coconut fiber that is ready for other uses
coir	lojatuk	N	C.	from 'loja' (hair) + 'utuko' (coconut)
cold	ilvufani	N	I.	from 'ilvuhi' (darkness) + 'vani' (heat), as in the "heat" (temperature perception) of the night.
cold weather hat	kije	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'kiy' (/ˈkɪj/, hat)
coldness	husadi	N	I.	from 'huusa' (wind) + 'di' (feeling)
collaborate	amaheho	V	MAJ	from 'amahehi' (colleague, collaboration) + 'o' (verb suffix)
collaboration	amahehi	N		semantic extension of 'amahehi' (colleague)	Mostly used as an adjectival noun with this meaning.
collapse	fuedo	V	MAJ	root	in intransitive sentences 'to collapse', in transitive sentences 'to make collapse'
colleague	amahehi	N	C.	from 'ama' (worker) + 'ehi' ('fellow something' suffix)
collect	mekoo	V	MAJ	root	to combine or add together
collect	ito	V	MAJ	from 'ite' (group, row) + 'o' (verb suffix)	e.g. documents or books on a topic
collect	uiso	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'uiso' (collect mushrooms), as it started to be used for more than just mushrooms	to gather, e.g. mushrooms
collect mushrooms	uiso	V	MAJ	from 'ujis' (mushroom) + 'o' (verb suffix)
collection	mekohefa	N	I.	from 'mekoo' (to add, contribute to, collect, combine) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)
collective	amafe	N	C.	from 'ama' 'worker' + 'fe' (collective suffix after some syllables, including mV)	refers to the group of the people working the land, can also be used to refer to manufacture, factory etc. syndicates
collective	netuadovanafa	N	C.	from 'netuadovan' (garden) + 'afa' (suffix denoting something in collective use)	referring to the collectively owned farm itself, but not the people working on it (and not to any collectively owned manufactures, factories, these use different words) Often shortened to 'netuafa'
collective power	lumafa	N	I.	from 'lumo' (here: power) + 'afa' (collective suffix)	collective (not necessarily political) power of of a community, or e.g. the population of a country
collective power	lumamafa	N	I.	from 'lumamo' (political power) + 'afa' (collective suffix)	'power of the people', collective (explicitly) political power of a community or society
college	solsuuka	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'sölhzukaa' (/sʌʟzɯkɑ:/, college)
colonialism	sahai a hedoheohi	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of stealing/conquering'
colour	johi	N	I.	from 'joha' (sight) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	color + augmentative suffix (-it) = darker color (red -> dark red, brown) color + diminutive suffix (-fi) = lighter color (red -> yellow, black -> gray)
colour	joho	V	MAJ	from 'johi' (color) + 'o' (verb suffix)
comb	kio ... lojati	V	MAJ	literally 'order hair'	Referring to combing hair. The intransitive version would be 'kio loja' or 'hair is/was combed'
comb	kiolojivo	N	C.	from 'kio ... lojati' (to comb hair) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	a comb for hair
combination	mekohefa	N	I.	from 'mekoo' (to add, contribute to, collect, combine) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)
combine	mekoo	V	MAJ	root
combine	keseho	V	MAJ	root	see notes for ‘keseha’ (a blend)
come	edo	V	MIN	root
come	ato	V	MIN	from 'a' (of) + 'to' (to go)
come across	edojo	V	MAJ	from 'edo' (to come, to arrive) + 'joo' (to see)
come back	atilo	V	MIN	similar to 'atile', it's originally from 'ato ilte', which became 'ato tile' and then one word with the 'o' verb suffix moved to the end, 'atilo'
come closer	navo	V	MIN	from 'nav' (by, near, beside) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Towards the speaker.
come from	niko	V	MAJ	from 'nike' (seed) + 'o' (verb suffix)
come into contact with	femo	V	MAJ	root	e.g. an illness
comet	atilu	N	W.	from 'atilo' (to return) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
comfort	homo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'mo' (calm)
comfort	nuvuhomi	N	I.	additional meaning of 'nuvuhomi' (nutrition)
command	lumadoo	V	MAJ	from 'lumadou' (oppression by force) + 'o' (verb suffix)
command	lumadoi	N	I.	from 'lumadoo' (to command) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
commando unit	amafiit a foohi	N	C.	literally 'commando-unit of freeing'	responsible for freeing hostages (aka 'crack commando unit')
commando unit	amafiit	N	C.	from 'amaf' (unit, team, collective) + 'hiit' (importance)
comment	fuli	N	I.	from 'fulo' (to say, tell) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
commerce	hokehut a efi	N	I.	literally 'trade of everything'
commit adultery	amdanano	V	MIN	backformation from 'amdananoi' (adultery), with the 'i' removed
committee	joinuhi	N	I.	from 'joi' (shortened form of the gerund of 'joo', here 'to meet regularly') + 'nuhi' (purpose)
commonly	anti	ADV		shortening of 'amtilo' (repeat, tend to)
commonness	anti	N	I.	semantic extension of 'anti' (commonly, habitually)
communicate	nuudeko	V	MAJ	from 'nuo deki' (give message) + 'o' (verb suffix)
communication	nuudeki	N	I.	from 'nuudeko' (to communicate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
communication system	vaaki a nuudeki	N	I.	literally 'system of communication'
communicator	nuudekomo	N	C.	from 'nuudeko' (to message, express, communicate) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
communism	sahai a midi	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of centricity', referring to the central planning aspect generally associated with communism
communitarianism	nuakaini a non	N	I.	literally 'value of village'	'village values', collectivist values that prioritize collective well-being and needs over individual ones
community	nonaf	N	I.	from 'non' (dwelling) + 'f' (collective/multitude suffix)	Used for both communities of single settlements as well as the community of multiple settlements and/or sprawling bigger ones
community hall	mihonafa	N	C.	from 'mihonon' (house) + 'afa' (suffix for collectively created or used things or collective activities)	In Jute, these can offer services such as mail, laundry, lunch, even public showers etc. and host events, often including the citizen assembly known as meeting of the community.
commute	letafavuha	N	C.	from 'letava a vuha' (journey of day)	Referring to the (usually) daily trips to work or school and back. Aside from e.g. bicycles, many Juteans also commute with boats on the many rivers of the main island.
commute	letafo vuhe	V	MIN	literally 'to travel daily'	See notes for 'letafavuha' (a commute)
companion	todehentemo	N	C.	from 'todehente' (together) + 'mo' ('profession' derivation suffix)
companionship	todehentemi	N	I.	from 'todehentemo' (companion) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
company	amini	N	I.	from 'amin' (workplace) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
compare	ilehio	V	MAJ	from 'ilehi' (difference) + 'o' (verb suffix)
compared to	ilehe	C		from 'il' (not, un-) + 'ehe' (like)
compass	feet	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'péyt' (/péjt/, compass)
compassion	udi	N	I.	from 'ude' (with) + 'di' (feeling)
compatibility	feami	N	I.	from 'fe' (archaic 'together') + 'ami' (work, job)
compensate	mohomoo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'mohomoo' (here: reconcile)
competition	iduoli	N	I.	from 'iduo' (game with rules) + 'li' (towards, in order to, for the purpose of)
competitor	kilitomo	N	C.	from 'kilito' (here: to stretch) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	in a sport
complain	usolo	V	MIN	root, possibly partially imitative
complete	uvulvo	V	MAJ	from 'uvulvi' ('completeness') + o (verb suffix)
complete	lomoho	V	MAJ	from 'lomohe' (perfective aspective indicator)
completely	lomohe	ADV		lo (suffice) + amo (perform) + he (now)
completely	onke	ADV		from 'onki' (here: fullness) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
completeness	uvulvi	N	I.	from 'ude vuni u ilvuni' ('with beginning and end')
completion	lomohi	N	I.	from 'lomoho' (to complete) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
complexity	kiat	N	I.	from 'ki' (here: order) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
compliance	lomohi	N	I.	from 'lomoho' (to complete) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
compress	ilhaado	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite-prefix) + 'haado' (grow)
comprise	hedotano	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'tane' (inside) + 'o' (verb suffix)
computer	lisenkaun	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) liɥŋaúnt /lɪʃŋa.únt/ (computer)	Sitti Jutean
computer	vailidekiva	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'dekiva' (information)
computer work	amadahi	N	I.	from 'amo ado vahi(de)' (work at machine)
comrade	udima	N	C.	from 'udimo' (to help) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Slang
comrade	hetevimehi	N	C.	from 'hetevimo' ('noble' warrior defending something for a good cause) + 'ehi' ('fellow X' suffix)	comrade in arms, brother in arms, fellow soldier, cobelligerent
conceal	ejoto	V	MAJ	root
concede	ilnuheo	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'nuheo' (try)
concede	dekiodo	V	MAJ	from 'dekio' (to understand) + 'ude' (with) + 'o' (verb suffix)	this meaning of ‘dekiodo’ is mostly used when preceded by 'teo' (need, have to)
conceive	nuino	V	MAJ	nuina (child) + o (verb suffix)	to conceive a child
conceive	dekio	V	MAJ	from 'deki' (understanding) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to conceive as in 'to understand'
conceive	saihono	V	MAJ	from 'saiho' (to think) + 'no' (to be, exist)	to conceive a plan, an idea, concept etc.
concept	okiofe	N	I.	from 'okio' (to put) + 'fe' (archaic 'together')	especially, but not exclusively, less abstract concepts (see also 'vinvi' for that)
conception	nuini	N	I.	from 'nuino' (to conceive, father)	literally 'giving a child [to the world]'
conceptualise	okio fe	V	MAJ	literally 'put together'	'fe' is treated like any other adverb and put at the end of the sentence/phrase
concern	ano	V	IT	semantic extension of 'ano' (to place, belong, pertain)	Takes the 'an/in/un' ('in') adposition.
concerning	sie	ADP		from 'sino' (to mean, to call, to name) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix), 'n' disappeared over time	for specific, known or named people, living beings or things, or to establish a topic, used with verbs, for example 'veeho sie' (laugh about), or with nouns, e.g. 'tonikki sie kiovohi' (algorithm regarding the distribution)
concerning	ande	ADP		from 'ano' (to pertain, place, belong) + 'ude' (and)	to establish a particular connection, especially belonging or that something is part of something, e.g. with locations or groups, as in ‘kama ande oenade’ (fruits belonging to the land) or ‘saini ande kahanade’ (people belonging to the group)
conclude	ivusao ... li	V	MIN	literally 'to conclude towards', 'ivusao' from 'ivusai' (conclusion) + 'o' (verb suffix)	'li' would properly be translated as 'that', as in 'to conclude that'
conclusion	ivusai	N	I.	ilvuni (end) + sai (thought)
concrete	nialsete	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'narhčätëš' (/ɲɑʀt͡ʃætəʃ/, 'concrete')
condensed milk	akaviki a vanohi a ilvufani	N	C.	literally 'milk of heating of coldness', meaning 'cold [previously] heated milk'	Sweetened condensed milk would be 'akaviki a vanohi a ilvufani a sommu', though sometimes, like in English the 'sweetened' part can be dropped if the context makes it clear.
confection	somma	N	C.	from 'sommu' (sweetness) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
conference centre	dahon	N	C.	from 'daho' (here: to accommodate, make space for) + 'n' (place suffix)
confidant	mulda	N	C.	from 'muldo' (to know a person) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
confidence	fesualumo	N	I.	from 'fesua' (spirit) + 'lumo' (strength, force, power)
confirm	dekio ni	V	MAJ	literally 'life agrees'	intransitive meaning translates to '(This is/was/has been) confirmed'
conflict	vettaf	N	I.	from 'vetta' (hit) + 'f' (collective/multitude suffix)	For violent conflicts.
conflict	teut	N	I.	from 'te' (against, onwards) + 'hut' (reciprocal suffix)	Not necessarily referring to a violent conflict, 'vettaf' is more commonly used for that.
confront	teho	V	MAJ	from 'tei' (confrontation, facing)
confront	dovo te	V	MIN	literally 'stand against/onwards'
confrontation	tei	N	I.	from 'te' (against, onward, forward) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
confuse	tuomo	V	MAJ	from 'tuom' (mud) + 'o' (verb suffix)
confuse	ilikio	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ki' (order) + 'o' (verb suffix) second 'i' added in for ease of speech
confusion	iliki	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kio' (order)
conlang	tahivi a olumohi	N	I.	literally 'language of creating' or 'created language'
connect	kahano	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'kahano' (to tie, bind)	loose connection, one that can easily be separated again later on, takes the 'ado/ido/udo' ('at') adposition
connect	tahadovo	V	MAJ	from 'tahadova' tree sap, pitch, resin + 'o' verb suffix	ergative
connection	tahadovi	N	I.	from 'tahadova' (tree sap, pitch, resin) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
connection	kahani	N	I.	from 'kahano' (to bind, tie)	loose connection, one that can easily be separated again later on
connector	kahanivo	N	C.	from 'kahano' (here: to connect) + 'ivo' (instrumental noun derivation suffix)
conquer	hedoheo	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (take) + 'hea' (directional 'away' suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
conscience	nuahukaini	N	I.	from 'nua' (derivation prefix meaning 'that which gives) + ukaini (honor)
consent	oso	V	IR	root	Ergative (used like 'to consent to') Osol ta ji – I do/did not consent to this. Oso ji. – This was consented to/consensual.
consequence	noitili	N	I.	from 'noiti' (course, direction) + 'li' (towards)
conservation	hi	N	I.	from 'ho' (here: to keep, preserve, conserve) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
conservatism	sahai a hi	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of customs/habits'
conserve	ho	V	MAJ	root
consider	sahaamo	V	T	from 'saihasao' (to question) + 'amo' (do)	Meaning when used in transitive sentences (that is, with an object)
consideration	dekimidu	N	I.	from 'dekio' (understand) + 'midu' (heart)
consolidate	haadovo lumoti	V	T	causative of 'haado lumoti' (grow stronger)	make stronger
consolidate	feo	V	MAJ	root	rarely used with sapient beings in intransitive sentences except in a metaphorical or poetical sense
consonant	tesohilehi	N	I.	from 'tesoha' (sound) + 'ilehi' (here: difference), 'different' compared to vowels
constellation	tahadovi a vuhifi	N	I.	literally 'connection of star'
constitution	hotif a hokonoeni	N	C.	literally 'document of basic rights'
constitutional right	hokonoeni	N	I.	from 'hokoni' (right) + 'oeni' (foundation, basis)
constriction	tonetuni	N	I.	from 'tonetun' (narrow path or gap) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
construct	olumo	V	MAJ	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'lumo' (force, power)	see notes on 'olumo' (create)
construction	oluma	N	C.	from 'olumo' (here: to construct, erect) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a (physical) construction, particularly buildings, bridges etc.
construction	olumohi	N	C.	gerund form of 'olumo' (here: to construct)	referring to the act of construction
construction	olumafi	N	C.	from 'oluma' (construction, structure) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
construction site	olumohin	N	C.	from the gerund form of 'olumo' (here: to construct) + 'n' (place suffix)
construction worker	olumo	N	C.	from 'olumo' (here: to construct) + 'mo' (profession suffix) which was then dropped again
contact	femo	V	MAJ	root
contact	hooji	N	I.	from 'hoojo' (to touch) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	originally meant only physical contact, now sometimes used in a wider sense
contain	daho	V	T	semantic extension
contain	soo	V	MAJ	root
container	soat	N	C.	from 'soa' (bowl, basket) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	referring to larger containers, usually open ones that have no lid
container	onkifivo	N	C.	from 'onkifi' (small load, filling) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)	usually referring to smaller containers
container	onka	N	C.	from 'onko' (to fill, be filled) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix), so translating to 'that which is filled'	especially for liquids or bulk goods, not e.g. books
container	sevel	N	C.	root	a kind of container that fully covers the items it contains
container	fule	N	C.	unknown, probably a root	a can or canister
container ship	kiovasaa a helsehat	N	C.	literally 'ship of (shipping) container'
contaminate	ilsaavo	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'saavo' (here: to wash, clean)
contamination	ilsaveefa	N	I.	from 'ilsaavo' (to pollute, contaminate) + 'eefa' (resultative suffix)
contemplate	haadoko	V	MAJ	from 'haado' (to build) + 'ki' (belief) + 'o' (verb suffix)
contempt	ilukaini	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ukaini' (honor)
content	va	N	I.	extension of 'va' (material, part, stuff)
contentiousness	ildekiodi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite derivation prefix) + 'dekiodi' (agreement)
continent	savanhuva	N	W.	from 'savanhu' (the world) + 'va' (inseparable part)
continue	ho	V	MAJ	root
contradiction	etohei	N	I.	from the reflexive of 'eto' (meet opposition, resistance), 'etohe' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	either a statements that contradicts itself, or something that is logically not possible
contribute to	mekoo	V	MAJ	root
contribution	nuokeda	N	I.	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'hokedo' (in exchange for) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
control	lumadoo	V	MAJ	from 'lumadou' (oppression by force) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to violent control measures that are overbearing, oppressive or subjugating, the way an abuser can control a victim or a dictator tries to control one or several populations
control	hotuvo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (keep) + 'tuuve' (down, downwards) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to non-violent control measures that are overbearing, oppressive or subjugating control, the way an abuser can control a victim or a dictator tries to control one or several populations
control	amivoo	V	MAJ	from 'amivo' (control, tool) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to both oppressive control like 'hotuvo', but also non-abusive control, for example civilian control over the military, or control of some sort of device or machine
control	amivo	N	I.	from 'amo' (to do) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix), probably from how having control over something is often necessary to be able to do anything at all
controllability	amivi	N	I.	from 'amivo' (to control) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
controversy	ildekiodi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite derivation prefix) + 'dekiodi' (agreement)
conversation	tahodeni	N	I.	from 'tahoo ude na' (talk with you) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
ConWorkShop	Konveeksehod	PPR
cook	hedo dooniti	V	T	literally 'take time'
cook	favo	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'pawo'
cook	favefamo	N	C.	from 'favefa' (dish) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
cook	favo havande	V	MAJ	literally 'to cook cautiously'	to cook using little heat, and/or frequent stirring, or in general more attention and/or restraint
cook	favo havandife	V	MAJ	literally 'cook carefully'	using 'favo havandife' ('to cook carefully') instead of 'favo havande' ('to cook cautiously') implies using slightly more heat, or less stirring, or in general slightly less attention and restraint, but still more than the normal, unmodified 'favo' would imply
cook	nuo dooniti	V	T	literally 'give time'
cooking	favi	N	I.	from 'favo' (to cook) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
cooking utensils	favivo	N	C.	from 'favo' (to cook) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	mostly pots and pans, but can also include ladles and spatulas (though then only in combination with the former)
cool thing	vikiniv	N	I.	shortening of 'vikinivo' (dirt, filth)	Slang
cope	vatto	V	MAJ	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
copper	fosene	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'póssne' (/pós:ne/, 'copper')
copra	setavuha	N	C.	from 'seta' (coconut meat) + 'vuha' (sun)	also known as dried coconut meat
copy	vavo	V	MAJ	from 'vava' (the same) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cord	lojatukefa	N	C.	from 'lojatuk' (coir, coconut husk fiber) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)
core	nike	N	C.	semantic extension of 'nike' (botanical seed), cognate with NGU 'ning' (seed, general),
corn flour	nea a telso	N	C.	literally 'flour of corn'	'telso' (corn) can be replaced by other words to get the terms for other kinds of flour
corner	fumooti	N	I.	from 'fuumo' (here: to meet) + 'hoti' (line)
correctness	sei	N	I.	from 'seo' (to hit, strike) or 'se' (exactly) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
correspond	lihoto	V	MAJ	from 'lihoti' (address) + 'o' (verb suffix)
corrode	amtano	V	MAJ	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'tane' (common 'into') + 'o' (verb suffix)
corrupt	ikovo	V	MAJ	from 'iko' (to desert, abandon) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)	to corrupt data or a text, to introduce errors, debase or degrade
corrupt	ilukainivo	V	MAJ	from 'ilukaini' (shame, scandal, dishonorableness) + 'vo' (causative derivation suffix)
corrupt	hotilvuho	V	MAJ	from 'hotio' (to carve in, write) + 'ilvuhi' (darkness)	a deeper corruption, such as indoctrination
corruption	ilukainivi	N	I.	from 'ilukainivo' (to corrupt, cause to act unethically) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
cotton	salav	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'ɥalab' (/ʃalab/, 'cotton'), from Algaz 'sharav' (/ʃäɾäv/, 'cotton plant'), from Classical Algaz 'tṣarav' (/t͡ʃäɾäv/, 'cotton plant') originally from Proto-Argeyazic *kyarëf (/kjɒrəf/, 'fiber)
cough	lohoo	V	MIN	root, likely of imitative origin
council	hetoni	N	I.	from 'heton' (seat, seats) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
count	kihio	V	MAJ	from 'kihi' (number) + 'o' (verb suffix)
country	oena	N	C.	semantic extension of 'oena' (ground, land, soil)	When talking more about the land, rather than the institutions or politics (exception: geopolitics)
country	vunaman	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vunaman' (homeland)
country bumpkin	nivimofi	N	C.	from 'nifimo' (villager) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	context and tone of voice determine whether the term is pejorative or not
county	uisifi	N	C.	from 'uisi' (administrative region) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	A smaller collection of communities (usually nine or ten)
couple	liiki	N	I.	from 'liiki' (older form of 'leke', two)
course	noiti	N	I.	from 'noito' (to lead, direct) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
court	mohomoon	N	C.	from 'mohomoo' (to forgive, reconcile) + 'n' (place suffix)
court	tuko	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'tuko' (to dance)	requires no adpositions
courthouse	mohomoon	N	C.	from 'mohomoo' (to forgive, reconcile) + 'n' (place suffix)
cousin	nulunam	N	C.	from 'nulua' + 'vunam'	Rarely used, only for disambiguation purposes, similar to for example the 'maternal' in English 'maternal grandmother'
cover	ikomo	V	MAJ	from 'ikoma' (leaf) + 'o' (verb suffix)	when covering is not done to hide anything or anyone, but e.g. for protective purposes
cover	ejota	N	C.	extension of 'ejota' (shadow)
cover	ejoto	V	MAJ	root
cover tightly	fudo	V	MAJ	root
covfefe	jefdodo	N	I.	originally a typo of 'jefije' (coffee)	also used for other hot beverages, if the effect is similar
cow	senuuja a akaviki	N	C.	literally 'cattle of milk'
cowardice	tohodi	N	I.	from 'toho' (to give up) + 'di' (feeling)
cower	veso	V	MIN	root
coziness	uvadati	N	I.	from 'uvadat' (to cuddle) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
crab	tefe	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'neme' (crab)	see http://conworkshop.info/view_article.php?ns=880d69909bd1e58636ca9f07d17eca55 for details on sound changes
crack	amtano	V	MAJ	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'tane' (common 'into') + 'o' (verb suffix)	e.g. a lock, a code etc.
crack	ekeso	V	MAJ	root, onomatopoeic	to break or break down (including emotionally), or to break something into two parts (e.g. a branch), or to otherwise make a cracking sound
cradle	homo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'mo' (calm)
cradle	homivo	N	C.	from 'homo' (here: to cradle) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
craft	vamefa	N	C.	from 'vamo' (craftsman) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)
craft	vamoho	V	MAJ	from 'vamo' (craftsman) + 'o' (verb suffix)
crafting utensils	vamivo	N	C.	from 'vamo' (to craft) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
craftsman	vamo	N	C.	from 'va' (here: material) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
craftsmanship	vami	N	I.	from 'vamo' (craftsman) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
crane	toha	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) 'toɂá' (crane)
crash	atti	N	I.	from 'atteo' (here: crash, crash into) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
crash	atteo	V	MAJ	from 'ato' (to come) + 'te' (against) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Use with animate subjects in intransitive sentences implies them being a passenger of a vehicle that was crashed by someone or something else, i.e. a claim that the crash was not their fault. Sometimes therefore used to deflect responsibility or blame.
crater	tukivaad a hisetuvan	N	W.	from 'tukivu' + 'a haad' (of bigness) + 'a hisetuvan' (of volcano)
crawl	felto	V	MIN	root	Moving slowly on hands and knees, by dragging the body along, or normally with frequent stops. Used for animals, insects, and wounded humans, but not babies.
craziness	fesuu	N	I.	semantic extension of 'fesuu' (wild spirit, demon)
creak	jiiko	V	MIN	from 'jiik' (creak) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to noise made by inanimate objects or otherworldly beings
creak	jiik	N	I.	root, imitative	referring to noise made by inanimate objects or otherworldly beings
cream	akaviki a afuva	N	C.	literally 'milk of fat'	referring to the dairy product
cream cheese	dafute a musuu	N	C.	literally 'cheese of softness'
creaminess	suumi	N	I.	from 'suuma' (cherimoya) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
create	vuno	V	MAJ
create	olumo	V	MAJ	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'lumo' (force, power)	either something physical, that the speaker or the person talked about directly made on their own with their own skills (not let someone do for them), or some abstract/immaterial thing like a theory, story or language. Usually used for bigger / more important things like a house, rather than a simple recipe. (Using it anyway for those would seem pretentious, as if praising it as a culinary revolution) Implies, when not used with 'he' (now) to signify an ongoing process, a state of completion. Also often used for the doings and creations done by supernatural forces or beings, including deities, but usually excluding when talking about all-powerful gods of monotheistic religions (since a god like that is called 'vunam', 'vuno' is more appropriate and gives the right connotation)
create a black hole	hemovuhifo	V	MAJ	from 'hemovuhifi' (black hole) + 'o' (verb suffix)
create a blob	duvo	V	MIN	root
create a void	nuuvo	V	MAJ	from 'nuuvu' (void, emptiness)
create drama	amdotiko	V	MAJ	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'tik' (sticks) + 'o' (verb suffix)
create suspense	amdotiko	V	MAJ	from 'amdo' (to break) + 'tik' (sticks) + 'o' (verb suffix)
creativity	olumi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'olumi' (art)
Creator	vunam	PPR
creature	datu	N	W.	root	for big creatures (especially those significantly bigger or more powerful than a human) Origin of the augmentative suffix 'at'
creature	sifeva	N	W.	from 'sife' (life) + 'va' (here: part)
creek	lufe	N	C.	root
creek	fofuuva	N	C.	from 'fofuuvo' (to flow, run) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
creep	hojiiko	V	MIN	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'jiiko' (to creak)
creep	felto	V	MIN	root	Moving slowly on hands and knees, by dragging the body along, or normally with frequent stops. Used for animals, insects, and wounded humans, but not babies.
cremation	unsi a tisohi	N	I.	literally 'burial of burning up'
crew	amafe	N	C.	from 'ama' 'worker' + 'fe' (collective suffix after some syllables, including mV)
crib	homivon	N	C.	from 'homivo' (to cradle) + 'n' (place suffix)
cricket	siiahoone	N	W.	from 'siia' (chirper) + 'oone' (night)
crime	amevoohu	N	I.	from 'amefa a doohu' (deed of badness)
criminal	amevohumo	N	C.	from 'amevoohu' (crime) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
criminal	ilhokomo	N	C.	from 'ilhoko' (to outlaw, ban, break the law) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	someone with a criminal career, an unrepentant criminal
cringe	desofenofi	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to coil) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
cringe	desofenofo	V	MIN	from 'desofenofi' (a cringe, wince) + 'o' (verb suffix)
crispiness	naksi	N	I.	unknown
crisscross	teute	ADV		from 'teut' (conflict, clash) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
criteria	vuativo	N	I.	from 'vuato' (here: to weigh, decide) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	criteria for a decision
criteria	nuaiteva	N	I.	from 'nuaite' (category) + 'va' (here: part suffix), as criteria are what define a category	criteria for inclusion in a category
critter	fomkava	N	W.		small animals living in the undergrowth, like insects, worms, spiders, snails, rodents, small predators
cross	netuno	V	IT	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'o' (verb suffix)	When talking about crossing a river or anything else that separates two places.
cross	alvo	V	MAJ	root	e.g. to cross someone's path, or travel through a country
cross a border	netuno	V	IT	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'o' (verb suffix)
crossbow	elkelami	N	C.	from 'elko' (bow) + 'kelami' (flatness, horizontalness) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
crouch	jelo	V	MIN	root
crown	ovadova	N	C.	from 'ova' (top) + 'dova' (tree)	crown of a tree
crumble	altahadovo	V	MAJ	from 'al' (opposite prefix) + 'tahadovo' (to unite)
crumbling	altahadovi	N	I.	from 'altahadovo' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
crunchiness	naksi	N	I.	unknown
crush	kummato	V	MAJ	from 'kummo' (to pound, hammer) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
crush	lumadoo	V	MAJ	from 'lumadou' (oppression by force) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cry	teluo	N	I.	zero derivation of 'teluo' (to bawl, wail, snivel)	louder crying
cry	usolo	V	MIN	root, possibly partially imitative
cry	tulohi	N	I.	from 'tuloho' (here: to screech) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for screeching cries
cry	teluofi	N	I.		soft, quieter crying
cry	usoli	N	I.	from 'usolo' (to mourn, cry, complain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
cry	teluo	V	MIN	root	louder crying
cry softly	teluofo	V	MIN	from 'teluofi' (a sob, cry) + 'o' (verb suffix)
crystal	vatavuhi	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone derivation suffix) + 'vuhi' (light)
cube	lusa a kiif-iki	N	I.	literally 'prism of six [sides]'
cuddle	uvadat	N	C.	from 'uvada' (hug) + 'at (augmentative suffix)
cuddle	uvadato	V	MAJ	from 'uvadat' (cuddle) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cultivate	juto	V	MAJ	from 'jute' (home of a people) + 'o' (verb suffix)	originally meant 'make part of one's home', now used with a wider meaning. Used mostly when talking about the first time something is cultivated, not when talking about recurring/perennial/yearly cultivation.
cultivate	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cultivation	haadi	N	I.	from 'haado' (to grow, cultivate) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
cultivation	jutai	N	I.	originally from 'jutohi' (gerund form of 'to cultivate, domesticate, settle [down]), which over time became 'jutahi' and then 'jutai'	Used mostly when talking about the first time something is cultivated, not when talking about recurring/perennial/yearly cultivation.
culturally	jutihe	ADV		from 'juti' (ideal) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
culture	juti	N	I.	from 'jute' (home of a people) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), so literally 'the immaterial home of a people/a nation'
cup	late	N	C.	root
cup	utuka	N	C.	from 'utuko' (coconut) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	especially those made from coconuts
cupcake	kamkeik	N	C.	from Anglish 'cupcake'
cupful	uisa	N	C.	from 'uiso' (to collect, gather, forage mushrooms + 'a' (common noun suffix)	used as a measurement, similar to 'cups' in English, can also be translated as 'bowlful'
cure	nusaifo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo nisaif' (give energy) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cure	nusaifi	N	I.	from 'nusaifo' (to wake up, to cure, to heal) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
curl	desifi	N	I.	from 'desi' (curve) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
currency	hokehutivo	N	C.	from 'hokehut' (trade) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	used mostly for foreign currencies, as bills and coins are uncommon on Jute
curve	desi	N	I.	from 'deso' (to bend) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
custom	hi	N	I.	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
customer	hemetamo	N	C.	from 'hemenatamo', originally from 'hemen' (market) + 'to' (go) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix)
customs	eveset	N	I.	loan from South Jutean 'cevesete' (fine, toll), originally from Old Gfiewish 'gewst tvo' (forced offering), equivalent to modern Gfiewish 'keld' (toll booth, customs station)
customs station	evesetan	N	C.	from 'eveset' (here: customs, duty) + 'an' (place suffix)
cut	kiovat	N	C.	from 'kiova' (a cut) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	a large cut as done with a saw or similar tool or machine
cut	tof	N	C.	root, imitative
cut	kiova	N	C.	from 'kiovo' (to share, part, cut) + a (a common noun suffix)
cut	kiovo	V	MAJ	extension of 'kiovo' (part, share)
cut down	tofo	V	MAJ	from 'tof' (chop, cut, severing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cut off	tofo	V	MAJ	from 'tof' (chop, cut, severing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cut off	kiovoheo	V	MAJ	from 'kiovo' (here: cut) + 'hea' ('away'-suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
cuteness	uvadivi	N	I.	from 'uvadi' (hug liking) + 'vi' ('causer' derivation suffix) I.e. the quality of something or someone that makes (causes) you to want to hug them.
cyan	jehaadufi	N		from 'johi a haaduf' (color of vegetation) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Also used for greenish blues, turquoise, cyan etc. Light blue/green use 'white', very dark blue/green use 'black'.
cycle	ooni	N	I.	from 'oone' (moon) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
cycle	oono	V	MIN	from 'oone' (moon) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to how the moon goes through a cycle about every month
cyclone	fivou	N	W.	from 'fivoo' (to storm) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
dabbler	fuuma	N	C.	from 'fuumo' (here: to read, study) + 'a' (common noun suffix, 'someone who ...')
daily	vuhe	ADV		from 'vuha' (day, sun) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
damage	dohufo	V	MAJ	from 'dohufa' (some damage) + 'o' (verb suffix)
damage	dohufa	N	I.	from 'dohuo' (mistreat) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)
dampen	unosifo	V	MAJ	from 'unsofi' (dampness, moistness, humidity) + 'o' (verb suffix)
dampness	unosifi	N	I.	from 'unosi' (wetness) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
dance	tuko	V	MIN	root
dance	tuka	N	C.	from 'tuko' (to dance) + 'a' (noun suffix)
dance step	tuki	N	I.	from 'tuka' (dance) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	usually not referring to just a single dance step, but to some or all of the steps making up a dance
dancer	tukamo	N	C.	from 'tuka' (a dance) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	a professional dancer
danger	van	N	I.
dark colour	johi a haada alvuhi	N	I.	from 'johi a haada a ilvuhi' (color of bigness of darkness)
dark energy	amivi a ilvuhi	N	I.	literally 'energy of pitch-black darkness'
dark flow	saa a ilvuhi	N	I.	literally 'wave of darkness'	Alternatively, some scientists prefer 'taha a ilvuhi' ('flow of darkness')
dark matter	vi a ilvuhi	N	I.	literally 'matter of pitch-black darkness'
darken	ilvuho	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuhi' (pitch-black darkness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
darken	jotavo	V	MAJ	from 'ejota' (shadow etc.) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	some dialects would pronounce it 'jottavo'
darkness	fejota	N	I.	f- (prefix symbolizing all-encompassingness) + 'ejota' (shadow)	all-encompassing darkness (though not necessarily pitch-black darkness), like during a solar eclipse.
darkness	ejotava	N	I.	ejota (shadow) + va ('material' suffix, similar to '-ness')	used to refer to the essence of shadows (lack of direct light, shadiness), for example the shadiness of places, or a not-totally-pitch-black darkness (that would be 'ilvuhi', 'unlight') that isn't all-encompassing ('fejota', 'eclipse')
darkness	ilvuhi	N	I.	il (opposite prefix) + vuhi (light)
darkness	ooniva	N	I.	extension of 'ooniva' (night in general)	semantically between 'ejotava' (shadiness, lack of direct light), and 'ilvuhi' (pitch-black darkness)
darling	nisaani	N	C.	from 'ni' (life) + 'saan' (beach) + 'i' (here used to amplify the humble voice)	Humble speech register, used here for intimacy and to express respectful adoration. 'Life-beach' [is] meant as 'you're as wonderful, relaxing and beautiful as the beach I want to spend my life on' Since the beach is the favorite place to be for many speakers of the language, comparing someone to it is a huge compliment.
darn!	faven	I		from 'faren' (further origin unknown)
data	dekiva	N	I.	from 'deki' (hear: message) + 'va' (here: inseparable part derivation suffix)
date	fumodio	V	MAJ	from 'fumodia' (a date) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to go on romantic dates
date	fumodia	N	I.	from 'fuumo diaadif' (love is met)
date	fumodiamo	N	C.	from 'fumodia' (date) + 'mo' (more permanent agentive derivation suffix)	referring to a person someone is dating or is going to date
date night	oone a fumodia	N	I.	literally 'night of date'
dawn	vunuhi	N	I.	from 'vunuho' (to dawn) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
dawn	vunuho	V	MIN	from 'vuno vuho' (begin to shine)
day	vuha	N	I.
daydream	saihodo	V	IR	from saiho (think) + do (feel)	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'be daydreamed', 'be daydreamed to be' 'be daydreamed to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Semantically slightly different from the other meanings of 'saihodo' (imagine, envision), less neutral, used more for wishes or fears, but syntactically identical, so see the notes of 'saihodo' (imagine) for details.
daydream	saihodi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'saihodi' (imagination, imagined thing)
deafness	motevivo	N	I.	from 'motevi' (silence) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
death	ilvunini	N	I.	ilvuni (end) + n[a] (life) + i (abstract suffix)	death in general
death	ilvunina	N	C.	ilvuni (end) + na (life)	a specific death of someone or something
death penalty	mohomovo na ilvuninide	N	I.	literally 'punishment by means of death'
debase	ikovo	V	MAJ	from 'iko' (to desert, abandon) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)	to reduce in quality or value
debt	ilhi	N		il (opposite-suffix) + h[o] (to keep) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
debtor	ilhimo	N	C.	ilhi (debts) + mo (person/profession suffix)
decay	ilhaadi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'haadi' (growth)
deceive	ijaino	V	MAJ	from 'ijaini' (deception, temptation) + 'o' (verb suffix)
deception	ijaini	N	I.	iji (blindness) + saini (mind)
decide	vuato	V	MAJ	extension of 'vuato' (to weigh)	'to decide for' is 'vuato ... nuhe'
decision	vuati	N	I.	extension of 'vuati' (weight)	'to reach a decision' would be translated with something literally meaning 'to put down a weight'
declaration	uivata	N	I.	from 'uivato' (to chant, to proclaim) + 'a' (common noun suffix), originally 'the proclaimed' or 'those that are proclaimed', then shifting to 'proclamation, declaration'
declare	tesoho	V	MAJ	from 'tesoho' (to sound)
declare a truce	movetafivo	V	MAJ	from 'mo' (to calm, pacify) + 'vetafivo' (weapon) or 'mo vetafivo' (the weapons are pacified) [+ 'o' (verb suffix)]	to broker, declare or call for a truce or ceasefire
decorate	vuhefo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'vuhefo' (to lighten a room)
decoration	vuhefefa a ohaji	N	C.	literally 'beautiful source of lightening'	garlands, festoons, anything bright and/or colorful, usually with a source of light in it
deed	amefa	N	I.	from 'amo' (do, work) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)
deep	uuvali	N	I.	from 'uuva' (bottom, ground) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
deep	vasa	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vasa' (cave)	also used e.g. to describe deep voices, echoes, wells but not for deep caves or similar (which would be 'vasa a haad' or 'vasa ude uuvalide a haad'). Holes can use either.
deeply	uuvale	ADV		from 'uuvali' (deep, depth) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
defeat	lumoo dee	V	MAJ	literally 'to force past'	usually referring to defeats achieved through physical might rather than skills or luck, with exceptions
defeat	tefoto	V	MAJ	from 'tefo' (to win, achieve, reach) + 'te' (against) + 'o' (verb suffix)
defect	ilami	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'amo' (to work) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
defect	ilukivahi	N	I.	from 'iluki' ('ungoodness', mistake) + 'vahi' (tool, machine, device)
defence	hetevi	N	I.	from 'hetevo' (to keep away from) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
defend against	tefetevo	V	MAJ	from 'tefo' (achieve) + hetevo (defence)	Used for successful defenses only. That which is defended gets preceded by 'nuhe' (for), that which is defeated by 'te'.
defender	hetevimo	N	C.	from 'hetevi' (defense, military protection) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
deflect	kunno	V	MAJ	root
degrade	ikovo	V	MAJ	from 'iko' (to desert, abandon) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)	to reduce in quality or value
degree	vanifiva	N	I.	from 'vanifi' (warmth) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
deity	vunamat	N	I.	from 'vunam' (parent) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
deity	fesua a vunam	N	I.	literally 'spirit of father'
delay	doonoos	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'oos' (too much)
delet this	ILVUILVUNIT JI	I		imperative of 'delete' with the final 'o' missing
delete	ilvunito	V	MAJ	from 'ilvunit' (destruction) + 'o' (verb suffix)
deliciousness	sinamvi	N		root (onomatopoeia?)		Oho hiisakeik sinnamvi, nisaani? Does the cheesecake have deliciousness, my dear? ('humble' register)
delight	sovi	N	I.	from 'sovio' (to take delight in, to rejoice about)
deliver	edovo	V	MAJ	from 'edo' (here: appear) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
deliver	nuino	V	MAJ	from 'nui' (giving) + 'ni' (life) + 'o' (verb suffix)	a child
delta	vei	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'mēi' (delta)
delude	ilhavano	V	MAJ	from 'ilhavani' (pretense, fake) + 'o' (verb suffix)	more properly 'delude someone into thinking/believing something', unless followed by a verb
demand	havetto	V	MAJ	from 'hao' (to ask) + 'vuati' (weight) + 'o' (verb suffix)
demand	havetti	N	I.	from 'havetto' (to demand) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
demand	haava	N	I.	from 'haa' (question) + 'va' (stuff, material)
dematerialise	ilno	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'no' (to be, exist, live)
democracy	vunamoeni a sainif	N	I.	literally 'government by people'
democratisation	haadohi a vunamoeni a sainif	N	I.	literally 'growing/building of the popular government'
demolish	kummato	V	MAJ	from 'kummo' (to pound, hammer) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
demon	fesuu	N	W.	from 'fesua' (spirit) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
demonstrate	masijo	V	MAJ	from 'maso' (lie, lay, lay down) + 'ji' (abstract/immaterial proximal demonstrative) + 'o' (verb suffix)	only referring to 'demonstrating' in the sense of showing, explaining or presenting
den	nanufi	N	W.	from 'nanu' (habitat) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
deny	ilhomanuko	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'homanuko' (to believe)
deny	allo	V	MAJ	from 'ali' (negation, rejection) + 'o' (verb suffix), with the 'l' becoming geminated
depart	to at	V	MIN	literally 'go from'
depart	ato	V	MIN	from 'a' (of) + 'to' (to go)
departure	ati	N	I.	from 'ato' (to come, depart) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
depend on	juto	V	T	semantic extension of 'juto' (to settle, make one's home, cultivate etc.)	for anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas
depend on	oeno	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'oeno' (to ground, base on)	for persons and physical objects or their activities, not on anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas ('juto' would be used in those cases)
depending on	oene	ADP		from 'oeni' (foundation, fundament) + 'e' (common adverb/adposition suffix)	for persons and physical objects or their activities, not on anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas ('jufe' would be used in those cases)
depending on	jufe	ADP		from 'jutohi' (gerund of 'juto', here 'to base, rely depend on') + 'e' (common adposition suffix), with sound changes shortening 'jutohe' to 'jufe'	anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas
depict	vunojo	V	MAJ	from 'vuno' (make) + 'joo' (see)
depict	okiofo	V	MAJ	from 'okiofe' (blueprint, draft, artistic rendering, technical drawing) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for artistic or technical depictions that require effort or skill
depose	ilvuato	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'vuato' (weigh, lay weight on)
deprave	ilukainivo	V	MAJ	from 'ilukaini' (shame, scandal, dishonorableness) + 'vo' (causative derivation suffix)	lose sight of what is good, real, or both, to become immoral
depression	netuuni a huveli	N	I.	literally '(mental) prison of hopelessness'
depression	tukivu a haad	N	W.	from 'tukivo' (bowl used to serve food) + 'u' (wilderness suffix) + 'a haad' (of bigness)	naturally formed hollow depression in the ground, wood or rock that is of a larger size
deprive	kiovoheo	V	MAJ	from 'kiovo' (here: cut) + 'hea' ('away'-suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
depth	uuvali	N	I.	from 'uuva' (bottom, ground) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
derange	ilukainivo	V	MAJ	from 'ilukaini' (shame, scandal, dishonorableness) + 'vo' (causative derivation suffix)	lose sight of what is good, real, or both, to become immoral
descend	tuuvo	V	MIN	from 'tuuve' (down) + 'o' (verb suffix)
descendant	todentia	N	C.	from 'todentii' (next) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	sometimes 'todentiamo' to differentiate from the meaning 'next thing' or 'that which is next', which is formed the same way
describe	nuudekano	V	MAJ	from 'nuudekani' (description) + 'o' (verb suffix)
description	nuudekani	N	I.	from 'nuudeko' (tell, message) + 'ani' (situation, state)
desert	iko	V	MAJ	from 'ike' (alone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
desert	nuuvun	N	W.	from 'nuuvu' (emptiness, nothingness) + 'n' (place suffix)
deserve	tehoko	V	MAJ	from 'teo' (to need, be needed) + hoko (here: to be allowed)
desire	tahividu	N	I.	from 'tahivi' (speech, language) + 'midu' (heart)
desire	saimo midu ...	V	T	literally 'a/the heart wants'	requires an object
desire	dololo	V	MAJ	from 'do' (to feel) + 'lolo' (to lack, be insufficient)
desk	okion a hotiohi	N	C.	literally 'table of writing'
desktop	hotifani	N	I.	from 'hotifan' (archive) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	virtual desktop of an operating system on a computer
despise	femelo nav	V	MIN	literally 'shudder near', a semantic extension
despite	heijea	C		possibly related to 'hehe' (still) + 'moji' (but)
despot	hotuvimo	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
dessert	soasommu	N	C.	from 'soa' (bowl, basket) + 'sommu' (sweetness)
destination	tefa	N	C.	from 'to' (to go) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)	not for abstract destinations, for places in the physical sphere only (rarely for places in a supernatural sphere)
destroy	ilvunito	V	MAJ	from 'ilvunit' (destruction) + 'o' (verb suffix)
destroy	ilno	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'no' (to be, exist, live)
destroy	ikovo	V	MAJ	from 'iko' (to desert, abandon) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
destroy	kummato	V	MAJ	from 'kummo' (to pound, hammer) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
destroyer	ilvunomo	N	C.	from 'ilvuno' (end, destroy) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix)	someone whose profession is destruction
destruction	ilvunit	N	I.	il (opposite-marking suffix) + vuni (beginning) + '[a]t' (augmentative suffix)
develop	hoamo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (to keep, continue) + 'amo' (to do, work)
develop	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
develop mould	mellovo hesso	V	MIN	example of verb stacking, literally 'to spoil [and as a result] to have fur'
device	vahi	N	C.	from 'vi a amohi' (thing of doing [something])
devil	ilvunimo	N	C.	similar to 'ilvunomo' (destroyer), but from 'ilvuni' (end) to show that the devil's profession is to end someone's life/well-being etc.	Culturally, the existence of a devil was an unfamiliar concept for the most time and was only later introduced via missionaries from other nations, who equaled the devil to the suffering of death, dying and disease.
dew	aam	N	C.	root
dialetheism	ki a tahivahani a leke	N	I.	literally 'ideology of two truths'
diamond	somuna	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'somunɂes' (diamond)
diamond mine	velkenon ude somunade	N	C.	literally 'mine with diamonds'
diaper	desofenafi	N	C.	from 'desofena' (here: wrapping, clothes that are wrapped around) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
dictator	hotuvimo	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
dictatorship	hotuvimi	N	I.	from 'hotuvimo' (here: oppressor, dictator, tyrant) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
dictionary	hotif a tahiva	N	C.	literally 'book of word'
die	ilevoto ... nosaati	V	MAJ	literally 'lose breath'	In intransitive sentences, the indirect case suffix -ti of 'nosaati' is omitted, and the sentence would therefore read as 'someone/some people die/died' (lit. 'Breath was lost') Transitive ones, such as 'Ilevoto la nosaati', would translate as 'He/She/They died' (lit. 'He/She/They lost their breath') instead.
die	ilvunino	V	IT	ilvuni (end) + no (to live)
die on the spot	ilvunino se jaman	V	MAJ		alternatively 'jumun' instead of 'jaman', when talking about something that happened in jungles or on the ocean
differ	ileho	V	IT	from 'ilehe' (here: differently, unlike) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used with the preposition 'ude' (with)
difference	ilehi	N	I.	from 'ilehe' (unlike) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	literally 'unlikeness'
differently	ilehe	ADV		from 'il' (not, un-) + 'ehe' (like)
difficulty	vuati	N	I.	from 'vuhata' (stone)
dig	miko	V	MAJ	root
dig a hole	tuloho	V	MAJ	from 'tuloha' (hole) + 'o' (verb suffix)
digest	fesoheo	V	MAJ	from 'fesoo' (tear into shreds) + 'hea' (away) + 'o' (verb suffix)
dignity	nukani	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'ukaini' (honor)
diligence	ami	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ami' (work, job, duty)
dim	jotavo	V	MAJ	from 'ejota' (shadow etc.) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	some dialects would pronounce it 'jottavo'
diminish	ilhaado	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite-prefix) + 'haado' (grow)
diminutive	fi	AFF		unknown
diner	hemonifi	N	C.	from 'hemon' (restaurant, dining room, etc.) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix) with an 'i' added in between to make pronunciation easier
dining room	hemon	N	C.	from 'hemo' (to eat) + 'n' (place suffix)
dining room	tunahemo	N	C.	from 'tuna' (room prefix) + 'hemo' (to eat)	any kind of room where you regularly eat meals
dinosaur	vakelaadat	N	W.	from 'kavalu' (lizard) + 'a haadat' (of biggestness)
diplomacy	tahodeehi a nojinonaf	N	I.	literally 'negotiation/discussion of politics'
direct	nojo	V	MAJ	shortened form of 'vunojo' (to show)	Used in the sense of 'directing someone or something (to something or someone)', not in the sense of 'to give orders'
direct	noito	V	IR	extension of 'noito' (to lead)
direct	tonaho	V	MAJ	from 'tonahi' (route) + 'o' (verb suffix)
directing	noji	N	I.	from 'nojo' (to point) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
direction	noiti	N	I.	from 'noito' (to lead, direct) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	A chosen direction, like a set course.
direction	noji	N	I.	from 'nojo' (to point) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
dirt	vikinivo	N	C.	from 'vikino' (to make dirty, smear, soil) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
dirtily	vikinive	ADV		from 'vikinivi' (dirt, filth) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
dirtiness	vikini	N	I.	root, cognate with NGU 'wikine' (dirt)
disagreement	ildekiodi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite derivation prefix) + 'dekiodi' (agreement)
disappear	jaso	V	MIN	root, extension from 'jaso' (to dive)
disappear	iledo	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'edo' (to come, arrive, appear)
disappear	ejaho	V	MAJ	root, possibly related to 'joo' (to see) or 'ejoto' (cover, disguise, conceal)
disappearance	jasi	N	I.	from 'jaso' (to dive, disappear, merge, study hard) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
disbelieve	ilhomanuko	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'homanuko' (to believe)
discard	eeovolo	V	MAJ	from 'eeovola' (trash, junk, rubbish) + 'o' (verb suffix)
discover	edohio	V	MAJ	from 'edojo' (to find) + 'hohi' (newness)
discovery	edoja	N	C.	from 'edojo' (to find, obtain, come across) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological discovery, and only when found by chance, not after a deliberate search
discovery	teka	N	C.	from 'teko' (here: to find, search for) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological discovery, and when found after a deliberate search, not by chance
discovery	edohia	N	I.	from 'edohio' (to discover) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	especially of something never before seen, or not in a very long time
discrepancy	etohei	N	I.	from the reflexive of 'eto' (meet opposition, resistance), 'etohe' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
discuss	saihasao	V	MAJ	from 'saiho' (think) + 'a' (of) + 'sai' (thinking) + 'o' (verb suffix)
discuss	tahoo ... dee	V	MAJ	literally 'talk past sth.' in the sense of talking 'past' or through a topic	The direct object is whatever is being discussed or negotiated.
discussion	tahodeehi	N	I.	from 'tahoo ... dee' (to discuss, negotiate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
disease	ilikimat	N	I.	from 'iliki' (confusion, disturbance, strangeness) + 'mat' (body)
disguise	ejoto	V	MAJ	from 'ejota' (disguise) + 'o' (verb suffix)
disguise	ejota	N	C.	extension of 'ejota' (shadow)
disgust	honea	N	I.	from 'hono' (to stay) + 'hea' (away suffix)
disgust	honeavo	V	MAJ	from 'honea' (disgust) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
dish	feva	N	C.	from 'fevo' (to put below) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	referring to e.g. a plate, not a meal
dish	favefa	N	C.	from 'favo' (to cook) + 'efa' (resultative derivation suffix)
disharmony	ilmohomo	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'mohomo' (harmony)
dishonour	ilukaino	V	MAJ	from 'ilukaini' (dishonorableness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
dishonourableness	ilukaini	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ukaini' (honor)
dishonourably	ilukaine	ADV		from 'ilukaini' (scandal, shame) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
dislike	kilitio	V	MAJ	from 'kiliti' (separation) + 'o' (verb suffix)
dismiss	tovoheo	V	MAJ	from 'tovo' (here: to send) + 'hea' (away) + 'o' (verb suffix)
dismissal	ilvuati	N	I.	from 'ilvuato' (relieve, lift, depose, remove from office) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
disorder	iliki	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kio' (order)
disorderlily	ilike	ADV		from 'iliki' (here: disorder) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
dispense	nuo	V	MAJ	root
dispenser	nuatahava	N	C.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'tahava' (liquid)	only for liquids
dispute	ilhomanuko	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'homanuko' (to believe)
distance	kilita	N	I.	from 'kihi' (number) + 'leta' (step)	from a distance - 'nav kilitade' (near a distance)
distance oneself	kilitiohe	V	MIN	from 'kiliti' (separation) + 'o' (verb suffix) + 'he' (reflexive suffix)
distinctiveness	tai	N	I.	semantic extension of 'tai' (self)
distinguish	kilitio	V	MAJ	from 'kiliti' (separation) + 'o' (verb suffix)
distribute	hemeno	V	MAJ	from 'hemen' (food allocation point, market) + 'o' (verb suffix)
distribution	hemeni	N	I.	from 'hemeno' (to distribute, allocate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
distribution center	hemenin	N	C.	from 'hemeni' (distribution) + 'n' (place suffix)
distrust	ildudimo	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'dudimo' (trust)
disturb	ilikio	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ki' (order) + 'o' (verb suffix) second 'i' added in for ease of speech
disturbance	iliki	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kio' (order)
disunite	altahadovo	V	MAJ	from 'al' (opposite prefix) + 'tahadovo' (to unite)
disuniting	altahadovi	N	I.	from 'altahadovo' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
dive	jaso	V	IT	root
dive	jasi	N	I.	from 'jaso' (to dive, disappear, merge, study hard) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
divide up	kiovo	V	MAJ	from 'kio' (to put in order, sort) and 'va' (stuff, known thing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
dna	hotajoti a ni	N	I.	literally 'code of life'
do	amo	V	MAJ		perform also used to mean 'be busy with something', often followed by an infinite verb or direct object describing the situation. 'Amo hotio ta hotifiti' - 'I am busy writing a letter'
do forced labor	hotuvonito	V	IT	from 'hotuvonit' (slave) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Referring to coerced work.
do horrible evil	ehevadato	V	MIN	from 'ehevado' (do something ugly/hateful) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
do something hateful	ehevado	V	MIN	from 'ehevad' (anger) + 'o' (verb suffix)
do something ugly	ehevado	V	MIN	from 'ehevad' (anger) + 'o' (verb suffix)
dock	saivon	N	C.	from 'saivo' (boat) + 'n' (place)
doctor	nusaifomo	N	C.	from 'nusaifo' (here: to cure, to heal) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
document	hotif	N	C.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'f' (collective suffix)
documentation	vunoja a asoi	N	I.	literally 'show of observation' (both variants)	not used for observation of smaller things, animals or plants (where 'vunoja a hujota' would be used), but instead for documentaries on bigger places, things or events.
dog	nofa	N	C.	loan from Mbamigi 'ŋoba' (dog)
dog food	heme nuhe nofade	N	C.	literally meaning 'food for dog'
dog house	nofan	N	C.	from 'nofa' (dog) + 'n' (place suffix)
doll	sainitik	N	C.	from 'saini' (person) + 'tik' (stick), as dolls were originally made from little sticks
domesticate	juto	V	MAJ	from 'jute' (home of a people) + 'o' (verb suffix)	originally meant 'make part of one's home', now used with a wider meaning
domestication	jutai	N	I.	originally from 'jutohi' (gerund form of 'to cultivate, domesticate, settle [down]), which over time became 'jutahi' and then 'jutai'	Used mostly when talking about the first time something is cultivated, not when talking about recurring/perennial/yearly cultivation.
donate	nuoko	V	MIN	from 'nuo uke' (give good) + 'o' (verb suffix)	'to donate something' would be 'nuoko ude' (donate with)
donate	nuuheo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'hea' ('away'-suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
donkey	meekelen	N	C.	from Edievan (EDV) 'mercren' (donkey)
doom	nivandovi	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'vandovi' (frightening)
door	femmo	N	C.	root of unknown origin
doorhandle	soivo	N	C.	from 'soo' (here: to hold an object) + 'ivo' (instrument suffix)
doorknob	ena a femmo	N	C.	literally 'nose of door'
double	donaleko	V	MAJ	probably from 'ido doonavade a leke' (at two times, twice)
double	donaleka	N	C.	from 'donaleko' (to double/clone) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
doubt	saihasai	N	I.	from 'saihasao' (to question) + 'i' (abstraction suffix)
doubt	saihasao	V	MAJ	from saih[o] (think) + a (of) + sa[i] (thinking) + o (verb suffix)
down	tuuve	ADP		from 'to' (to go) + 'uuva' (bottom) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
down	tuuve	ADV		from 'to' (to go) + 'uuva' (bottom) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
downstream	natahoone	ADV		from 'na' (along) + 'tahoon' (river) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
draft	okiofo	V	MAJ	from 'okiofe' (blueprint, draft, artistic rendering, technical drawing) + 'o' (verb suffix)	e.g. a blueprint or a technical drawing
draft	okiofe	N	C.	semantic extension of 'okiofe' (less abstract concept)
dragon	vakelavan	N	W.	from 'kavalu' (lizard) + 'a van' (of fire, dangerous)
dragon catcher	dahomo a vakelavan	N	C.	from 'daho' (here: to catch, lock in) + 'mo' (profession suffix) + 'a' (of) 'vakelavan' (dragon)	Idiomatically also someone who achieves what seemed impossible, or manages to successfully complete a dangerous job, can be used as a compliment. Also appears in the idiom 'Nol ta/na/fan dahomol a vakelavan' ('I'm/You/You all are no dragoncatcher(s)'), when you want to call out underachievement.
draw	okiofo	V	MAJ	from 'okiofe' (blueprint, draft, artistic rendering, technical drawing) + 'o' (verb suffix)	a blueprint, technical drawing or an artistic depiction of a concept or an event
draw up a report	ito tesohoviti	V	MAJ	literally 'set up report'	In intransitive sentences, 'tesohoviti' would lose the 'ti' indirect case suffix.
dream	nioono	V	MAJ	from 'niooni' (dream) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Intransitive/patientive meaning: 'be dreamed about'
dream	niooni	N	I.	from 'ni a oone' (life of night) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)		'No ta in nioonide a ilikide ido oone a jim.’ I had a strange dream that night. (Be 1S in.ABST dream of confusion-OBL at.DAN night of that.ABST)
dream	haalini	N	I.	from 'haa li ni' (question towards life)	a dream as in a wish or hope
dress	ejoto	V	MAJ	root
driftwood	umta	N	C.	root
drink	tahava	N	C.	taha (flow) + va (material suffix)	also includes drinks that aren't water-based
drink	tahoonava	N	C.	tahoon (river) + ava (material suffix)	water-based, or, by extension, water-like drinks
drink	tahoo	V	MAJ	from 'taxone' (River Jutean for 'river') 'x' (/x/) becomes 'h' in (coastal) Jutean, 'ne' was dropped over time, original meaning (to flow) expanded to this one (to drink)
drinking water	tahoonava	N	C.	tahoon (river) + ava (material suffix)	drinking water
drip	savafo	V	MAJ	from 'savafi' (drop of water) + 'o' (verb suffix)
drive	tovo	V	MIX	from 'to' (to go) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	This meaning is syntactically different from 'tovo' (to send, bring in, increase), belonging to the 'mixed' category of verbs. It is therefore only used in intransitive sentences, and there behaving like an unergative verb in sentences where the subject is human (or otherwise sapient and using human pronouns), translated as 'to drive' there but behaving like an ergative verb in intransitive sentences, when the subject is another living being or inanimate (using the animate pronouns or the inanimate ones), translated as 'being driven'. 'to drive a car' would be 'tovo ove jaasede' ('drive on a car', for most vehicles with no roof excluding boats) or 'tovo naha jaasede' ('drive inside a car', for everything else)
drive out	vuheo	V	MAJ	from 'vuo' (run) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
driving under the influence	tovohi dee nisaifide a ilehi	N	I.	literally 'driving during energy of difference'
drool	foseo	V	MIN	root
drop	fuedo	V	MAJ	root
drop	tahavafi	N	C.	from 'tahava' (liquid) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
drop of water	savafi	N	C.	from 'saava' (water, generic) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
drop of water on a plant after rain when sunlight hits it	saavuhifi	N	C.	from 'saava' (water) [+ 'na' (through) ?] + 'vuha' (sun) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
drought	kesatedona	N	I.	from 'kesate' (dryness) + 'dona' ('time of'-derivation suffix)
drown	sohusaavo	V	MAJ	from 'sohuhe' (below) + 'saava' (water) + 'o' (verb suffix)
drug	nusaifivo	N	C.	from 'nusaifi' (cure, treatment, science of medicine) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)	medical drugs only
drum	kemme	N	C.	root
drunk driving	tovohi tonte tahoohi (oos)	N	I.	literally 'driving after drinking (too much)'
drunkard	tahoosamo	N	C.	from 'tahoo' (to drink) + 'oos' (too much) + 'mo' (agent derivation suffix referring to people with a particular characteristic/strong habits etc.)
drunkenness	vohi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vohi' (bubbling)	originally poetic, but also used colloquially
drunkenness	tahoos	N	I.	from 'tahoo' (to drink) + 'oos' (too much)
dry	kesato	V	MAJ	from 'kesate' (dryness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
drying	kesati	N	I.	from 'kesato' (to dry) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
dryness	kesate	N	I.	root, cognate with NGU 'ngesaite' (dry, adjective)
dual wielding	vii a leke	N	I.	literally 'use of two'
duct	nuatahava	N	C.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'tahava' (liquid)	for ducts or pipes that are only connected on one end and dispense water or some other liquid on the other one, e.g. for washing or drinking
dude	mafemo	N	C.	from 'amafe' (here: team) + 'mo' (here: agentive derivation suffix)
dugout	tivo a helkohi	N	C.	literally 'vehicle of carving'	dugout canoes
dullness	ilkiova	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kiova' (sharpness)	when referring to things like knifes etc.
dullness	heiti	N	I.	root, cognate with NGU 'eiti' (dull)
dump	tuuvo	V	MAJ	from 'tuuvo' (descend, go down) + probably 'vo' (causative trigger acting as a derivation suffix), which was deleted over time again, as doubled syllables tend to
dumpling	setufi	N	C.	from 'setu' (hill) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix) after the similar shape of the baked good	any kind of small and round baked good
dumpling	setufi a onkifi	N	C.	literally 'small hill of filling'
dumpling	setu ude nuide	N	C.	literally 'small hill with a gift'	affectionate alternate term for ‘setufi a onkifi’
dumpsite	eeovolan	N	C.	from 'eeovola' (rubbish, trash, junk) + 'n' (place suffix)
dungeon	vasa a mihonon	N	C.	literally 'cave of (a) house'	in a castle or similar
dungeon	vasa	N	W.	root	outside of castles or similar, as in e.g. fantasy novels or roleplay games like D&D
durability	ildesi	N	I.	from 'ildeso' (be unbent, unbowed, not have given in) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
during	udase	ADP		from 'ude' (with) + 'asi' (event) + 'e' (common adverb/conjunction/adposition suffix)	used to talk about actions or events that happened at the same time, not for periods of time or similar
during	dee	ADP		possibly related to 'dooni' (time) ?	Usage notes: 1) spatial: 'beyond a place' (adposition) 2) spatial: 'at the other side of' (adposition) 3) spatial/abstract: missing something (adposition/adverb) 4) spatial: 'somewhere in or on a place to be traversed' (adposition/adverb) 5) temporal 'happening during the passing of a point in time' (adposition)
dusk	jotti	N	I.	from 'jotavo' (to darken, dim) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), the 'vo' being deleted over time
dust	oenavafi	N	C.	from 'oenava' (humus, part of soil or earth) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
dust cloud	keva a oenavafi	N	W.	literally 'smoke of dust'
duty	ami	N	I.	from 'amo' (to do, work) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
duty	eveset	N	I.	loan from South Jutean 'cevesete' (fine, toll), originally from Old Gfiewish 'gewst tvo' (forced offering), equivalent to modern Gfiewish 'keld' (toll booth, customs station)
dwarf	hisetumo	N	C.	from 'hisetu' (mountain) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
dwell	nuno	V	MIN	non (dwelling) + o (verb suffix) and 'o' becoming 'u' over time to differentiate it from 'nano'
dweller	nunuu	N	W.	from 'nuno' (to dwell) + 'u' (wilderness suffix). Last syllable used to be emphasized a lot, which lead to a lengthening in most cases and was eventually reflected in writing.	for wild beings, beasts etc. Anything animate, mostly those that are capable of moving.
dweller	nuna	N	C.	from 'nuno' (to dwell) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	Anything and anyone animate, but mostly referring to those that are capable of moving. Wild beings can also be referred to as 'nunu'
dwelling	non	N	C.	no (to be, live) + n (place suffix)
e-mail	hotifaaho	V	MAJ	from 'hotif' here: letter + 'vahi' tool, machine + 'o' verb suffix	for writing, sending and receiving e-mails
e-mail	hotifaahi	N	I.	from 'hotif' here: letter + 'vahi' tool, machine
each	ufava	DET	W.	from 'ufa' (all, everything, W. gender) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
each	afava	DET	C.	from 'afa' (all, everything, I. gender) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
each	efiva	DET	I.	from 'efi' (all, everything, I. gender) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
eagerness	foi	N	I.	from 'foo' (to open) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	semantic extension of 'foi' (freedom, openness)
ear	madeka	N	C.	from 'mat' (body, body part) + 'deko' (to hear)
earlier	dote	ADV		from 'do[ni]ti' + 'e' (a adverb/preposition ending)	standard indicator for past tense if the exact time is unknown
earlierness	dote	N	I.
earth	oenu	N	W.	from 'oena' (soil, earth, ground, land) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	The soil or earth in the jungle.
earth	oena	N	C.	root
earth	oenava	N	C.	from 'oena' (soil, earth, ground, land) + 'va' (material, inseparable part)	Referring to some soil or earth, not soil or earth in general. Can also be used to talk about the material of which soil is made up.
Earth	savanhu	PPR		Semantic loan
earth science	tonesani a oena	N	I.	literally 'science about soil/earth'
earthquake	saauvu	N	W.	from 'saa' (wave) + 'uuva' (ground, bottom) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
easily	uume	ADV		from 'uum' (simplicity, easiness) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
easiness	uum	N	I.	likely root
east	livunuhi	N	I.	from 'li' (to, towards) + 'vunuhi' (dawn, morning)
eastward	livunuhe	ADV		from 'li' (to, towards) + 'vunuhi' (morning) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix)
eat	hemo	V	MAJ	heme (food) + o (verb suffix)
eater	hemo	N	C.	from 'hemo' (to eat) + 'mo' (profession suffix), but word-final -momo gets reduced back to -mo	Someone who eats for a living, or is known for always eating much, or when referring to what someone eats. (i.e. 'plant-eater': vegetarian)
eccentric	sainaimo	N	C.	from 'sainahai' (here: eccentricity) + 'mo' (suffix for words denoting persons with a particular characteristic)
eccentricity	sainahai	N	I.	semantic extension of 'sainahai' (outsider)
eclipse	fejota	N	C.	f- (prefix symbolizing all-encompassingness) + 'ejota' (shadow)
eclipse	fejoto	V	MAJ	from 'ejota' (eclipse) + 'o' (verb suffix)
ecology	tonesani a nuhuhaadu	N	I.	literally 'science of ecosystem'
economic freedom	jufinafa a tonija	N	I.	literally 'collective household of individuals' or 'individualized collective household'
economic inequality	lumafa a ilmohomo	N	I.	literally 'collective power of disharmony'
economic liberalism	jufinafa a tonija	N	I.	literally 'collective household of individuals' or 'individualized collective household'
economics	tonesani a aminif	N	I.	literally 'science of economy'
economy	aminif	N	I.	from 'amini' (business) + 'f' (collective derivation suffix)	referring to the economy as made up by all the workplaces or businesses of a community or country, businesses in general or of a certain area and their economic standing, the economical "tools" or producer side Contrasted with 'jufinafa', which is the communal or national economy in its entirety, households and people taken together and their economic standing, the economical "house" or consumer side
economy	jufinafa	N	I.	from 'jufin' (household) + 'afa' (suffix for collectively created or used things or collective activities)	the communal or national economy in its entirety, households and people taken together and their economic standing, the economical "house" or consumer side as opposed to 'aminif', which is the economy as made up by all the workplaces or businesses of a community or country, businesses in general and their economic standing, the economical "tools" or producer side
ecosystem	nuhuhaadu	N	W.	from 'nu u haadu' (wild life and growth)	referring to land/inland water ecosystems, sea ecosystems are 'nuhuhaadu a saanu'
ecosystem	uf	N	W.	semantic extension of 'uf' ('all', wilderness gender)	not usually referring to urban ecosystems, or the ones on a farm, which use 'nifefa'
ecosystem	nifefa	N	C.	from 'ni' (life) + 'f' (collective suffix) + 'efa' (collective suffix)	referring to urban, farm etc. ecosystems (anywhere humans are directly involved)
edge	kiovalvu	N	C.	from 'kiova' (sharpness) + 'ilvu' (derivation suffix referring to the end of something)	usually referring to a sharp edge of something
edge	ota	N	C.	root	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar
edge	otu	N	W.	from 'ota' (river/lake bank, edge) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar that is dangerous to approach because it has predatory animals or some other danger there
edify	olumo	V	MAJ	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'lumo' (force, power)
education	noitosani	N	I.	from 'noitosano' (to teach) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
eel	aadu	N	C.	from PJN *ādu, cognate with NGU āu (eel)
effect	amefa	N	I.	from 'amo' (do, work) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)	For intentioned effects mostly, or when blaming an effect, intentional or not, on someone, as e.g. expressed in exclamations like 'This is your work'
effect	mekonifi	N	I.	from 'mekoo' (add) + 'ni' (life) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	smaller additions to something, mostly for aesthetic or usability reasons, e.g. graphical effects in a program
effect	evohi	N	I.	shortening of 'evotohi' (gerundive of 'to get'), so 'something that is got or acquired'	particularly for unintentional effects, intentional ones would use 'amefa'
efficiency	hadoli	N	I.	from 'hadolo' (to adapt, adapt oneself to) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
egg	fiva	N	C.	root
egg white	saavafiva	N	C.	from 'saava' (water) + 'fiva' (egg)
egg yolk	vuhafiva	N	C.	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'fiva' (egg)
egoism	ikihi a saini	N	I.	literally 'aloneness of mind'
eight	kiif-sema	NUM
either	uhu	ADV			'either' as in 'as well', e.g. in 'They don't like it either.'
elaborate	masijo	V	MAJ	from 'maso' (lie, lay, lay down) + 'ji' (abstract/immaterial proximal demonstrative) + 'o' (verb suffix)
elastic band	kanafi a dahohi	N	C.	literally 'thread of expanding'	also known as 'rubber band'
elbow	vatadena	N	C.	from 'vata' ('stone' derivation prefix) + 'dena' (arm)
elder	vunamoena	N	C.	from 'vunam' (parent) + 'oena' (soil, ground, land)
elder	nihamo	N	C.	from 'nihaa' (oldness) + 'mo' (an agentive suffix here used to designate more 'permanent' state of beings)	usually a respectable title, not used much mockingly
elect	hedado	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (take) + 'oda' (from) + 'o' (verb suffix), with the 'o' in between the two 'd's becoming 'a' later on
election	donahedadi	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'hedadi' (option, selection, choice)
electricity	lumokele	N	I.	from 'lumo' (power, force) + 'kele(a)' (spark)
electrocute	keleo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'keleo' (to spark)
electron	jesemek	N	I.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) yestmek (electron)
electronic dance music	tukokele	N	C.	from 'tuko' (to dance) + 'kelea' (spark)	literally translating to ‘dance sparks’, this genre is surprisingly popular on the island of Jute, along with hip-hop
element	va	N	C.
element	vi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vi' (thing, entity, matter)
elephant	selal	N	W.	loan from Kavrinian 'zälög' (/zælʌɣ/, 'elephant')
eleven	leke-kiivi iki	NUM
else	ilehe ji	C		literally 'unlike that'
elsewhere	etevehen	ADV		from 'eteve' (common 'away from') + 'hen' (here)
ember	voonifi	N	C.	from 'vooni' (shine) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
embolden	nulumo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'lumo' (here: power) + 'o' (verb suffix)
embrace	uvado	V	MAJ	from 'uvada' (hug) + 'o' (verb suffix)
embrangle	kuselo	V	MAJ	from 'kuselu' (scrub, undergrowth, thicket) + 'o' (verb suffix)
emerald	suus	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'gius' (/d͡ʒus/, emerald)
emerge	ilaso	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'jaso' (to dive, disappear, merge)
emergency	tehivaat	N	I.	from 'tehivu' (urgency) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
emergency services	hokedi a udimi a vui	N	I.	literally 'service of help of quickness'	alternate term for 'hokedi nuhe tehivaatede'
emergency services	hokedi nuhe tehivaatede	N	I.	literally 'service for emergency'
emotion	di	N	I.
empathise	udo	V	MAJ	from 'udi' (compassion, empathy) + 'o' (verb suffix)	To empathise and feel compassion.
empathise	tahadovo	V	T	semantic extension of the original meaning (to glue, stick together)	To empathise by relating to someone. Transitive meaning, in intransitive sentences it is 'receive empathy' or 'be empathised with'
empathy	udi	N	I.	from 'ude' (with) + 'di' (feeling)
emperor	asut	N	C.	loan from Ekuostian 'asud' (emperor)
emphasis	okiovi	N	I.	from 'okiovo' (to emphasize) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
emphasise	okiovo	V	MAJ	from 'okio' (to put) + 'ove' (on top of) + 'o' (verb suffix)
empire	asutan	N	I.	from 'asut' (emperor, empress) + 'n' (place suffix)
employee	ama nuhe (sainiki)	N	C.	literally 'worker for someone', the someone can be replaced by the name of the place or person they are working for, or kept when talking about employees or being an employee in general
employer	saini a haohi a amohi a sainide a ilehi	N	C.	literally 'person that asks other people to work'
employment	amohi nuhe saini a ilehi	N	I.	literally 'working for other people'
empower	nulumo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'lumo' (here: power) + 'o' (verb suffix)
emptiness	nuuvu	N	I.	root
empty	nuuvo	V	MAJ	from 'nuuvu' (void, emptiness)
enable	hoko	V	IR	root	Can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'enable so. or sth. to do sth.') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be enabled to do sth.')
enchant	lumo ... na tesoamade	V	MAJ	literally 'be powerful/power sth. through voice'	magical enchanting, subject and any objects come before 'na tesoamade'
enchant	tisefo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'efo' (causative verb derivation suffix, see also 'vuhefo')	metaphorical enchanting, e.g. fascination
encircle	ufeno	V	MAJ	from 'ufenav' (wilderness-gender around) + 'o' (verb suffix)	not encircle something with a pencil, but trap someone with obstacles, a group of people standing around or an army
encircle	efino	V	MAJ	from 'efinav' (abstract around) + 'o' (verb suffix)	drawing a circle with colors, lines, on some material or in digital environments
encompass	daho	V	T	semantic extension
encyclopaedia	hotif a nesani	N	C.	literally 'book of knowledge'
end	uvulvo	V	MAJ	from 'uvulvi' ('completeness') + o (verb suffix)	end something by completing it, not interrupting or similar
end	ilvuno	V	MAJ	ilvun[i] (the end) + o (verb suffix)
end	ilvuni	N	I.	il (opposite-marking suffix) + vuni (beginning)
end part	kiovilvu	N	C.	from 'kiovi' (separable part) + 'ilvu' (derivation suffix referring to the end of something)
end tragically	utolo	V	MAJ	referring to the short-lived nation of Utol, mercilessly subjugated by the capitalist colonizers from the nation formerly known as Terminia, with the verb-suffix 'o' added.	specifically: to meet an tragical end by becoming the victim of oppressive colonisators
endangered species	ilehu a ejahohi	N	W.	literally 'species of disappearing'
endeavour	nuhei	N	I.	from 'nuheo' (to try, challenge) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
endlessness	netili	N	I.	from 'netilo' (be boundless, endless, limitless) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
endure	nodeo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (to be, live) + 'ude' (with) + 'o' (verb suffix)	tolerating something in your life, not living together with it (see 'nano' for that)
enemy	vettimo	N	C.	from 'vetti' (violence, hate, hostility) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix)
energise	nusaifo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo nisaif' (give energy) + 'o' (verb suffix)
energy	amivi	N	I.	from 'ami' (work, deed) + 'vi' (enabler derivation suffix)	also used in the scientific sense, not just for 'I lack the energy to do this'
energy	nisaif	N	I.	from ni (life) + sa[a] (wave) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix) + f (multitude suffix)	Mostly used for humans or other animate beings (including plants and the like), sometimes also for inanimate forces of nature. Only rarely in the more general, scientific sense, where 'amivi' would be preferred.
energy weapon	vetafivo a tisoi	N	C.	literally 'weapon of radiation'
engine	vailitivi	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'tivi' (something that enables moving)
engineering	tonesani a haadohi (a nonat)	N	I.	literally 'science of building (of city)'	Together with 'a nonat' it means 'urban engineering'
enjoy	saihoko	V	MAJ	from 'saiho uke' (think good)	When used in intransitive sentences (lacking a direct object)
enlarge	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
enlightenment	tovivi	N	I.	from 'tovivo' (stairs) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
enmesh	kuselo	V	MAJ	from 'kuselu' (scrub, undergrowth, thicket) + 'o' (verb suffix)
enough	le	ADV		from 'lo' (to suffice) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
enrage	vano	V	MAJ	van (fire) + o (verb suffix)
entail	hedotano	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'tane' (inside) + 'o' (verb suffix)
enter	tino	V	MAJ	from 'tine' (abstract/immaterial 'into, inside') + 'o' (verb suffix)	for nationstates, digital things and other abstract concepts
enter	tano	V	MAJ	from 'tane' (inside) + 'o' (verb suffix)	since the more direct translation of 'tano' is 'to be taken in/to take in', in intransitive sentences, the subject is that which enters (or is 'being taken in' by e.g. the building), whereas in transitive sentences the subject is that which is being entered (or 'takes up' that which is entering)
enter	tuno	V	MAJ	from 'tune' (into, wilderness gender) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for 'wild' or dangerous places
enterprise	amini	N	I.	from 'amin' (workplace) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
enthuse	tisefo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'efo' (causative verb derivation suffix, see also 'vuhefo')
enthusiasm	saimohaa	N	I.	from 'saimo haad' (want much)
entireness	efi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'efi' (abstract 'all')
entirety	asaifi	N	I.	from 'asaife' (taken together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	to refer to then entirety of groups or systems, like ecosystems, populations, or also entirely separate and/or disparate beings or things taken together Unlike with 'ilkiovi' also for combinations, collections, gatherings rather than individual items characterized by not being separated into smaller parts
entirety	ilkiovi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kiovi' (part, separatedness)	referring to the entirety of something that is usually cut into smaller pieces, like a fruit
entirety	efi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'efi' (abstract 'all')
entity	vi	N	I.	v[a] (material, stuff) + i (abstract/unknown suffix)	unknown/unspecified thing
entropy	ilikiat	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kiat' (here: big order)
entry	tani	N	I.	from 'tane' (into, inside) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
envelop	fudo	V	MAJ	root
environment	havan	N	W.	semantic extension/loan(?) of 'havan' (wilderness)
environmentalism	sahai a mohomo havandi	N	I.	compound
envision	saihodo	V	IR	from saiho (think) + do (feel)	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'be envisioned', 'be envisioned to be' 'be envisioned to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Context, semantics and syntax determine which one gets used. See the notes of 'saihodo' (to imagine) for more details, as there are no meaningful differences in usage or syntax.
envy	vetohi	N	I.	from 'vetoho' (to envy, be jealous of) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
envy	vettildeho	V	MAJ	from 'vettido' (to hate nonviolently) + 'ilehi' (difference) + 'o' (verb suffix) → 'vettideleho' →'vettildeho'
enzyme	udimivo (a mat)	N	I.	literally 'catalyzer/supporter (of body)'
epic	tahihaad	N	I.	from 'tahi' (story) + 'haad' (bigness)
episode	kiovi a vunoja	N	I.	literally 'part of show'
epistemology	tonesani a tahivahani	N	I.	literally 'science/academic discipline of deep truth'
equality	nihi	N	I.	from 'no' (here: to be) + 'ehe' (similarly, likewise etc.) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
equally	nihe	ADV		from 'nihi' (equality) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
equilateral triangle	hotisema a nihi	N	I.	literally 'triangle of symmetry'
equipment	vaivo	N	C.	from 'va' (thing, part) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	general term
equipment	dovevivo	N	C.	from 'dovevo' (lumber) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	for lumberjacks
eradicate	ilno	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'no' (to be, exist, live)
erect	olumo	V	MAJ	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'lumo' (force, power)	see notes on 'olumo' (create), 'olumo' (institute) and 'olumo' (establish)
error	ilukivahi	N	I.	from 'iluki' ('ungoodness', mistake) + 'vahi' (tool, machine, device)
escape	netuno	V	IT	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Only used for prisons or walled cities. The location being left behind is preceded by either a 'dee' (past) or 'eteve/etevi/etevu' (away from)
escape	to netunede dee	V	MIN	literally 'to go past the (city) walls'	Originally referring to running away from a town where you were kept as a captive, but with a broader meaning now
escape	foho	V	MIN	from 'foohe' (to free oneself) + 'o' (verb suffix)
especially	ovefe	ADV		from 'ove' (on top of) + 'af' (all) + 'e' (a common adverb/preposition/conjunction suffix)
essay	ivusa	N	I.	shortening/backformation of 'ivusai' (conclusion)
essence	nisaif	N	I.	from ni (life) + sa[a] (wave) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix) + f (multitude suffix)
establish	olumo	V	MAJ	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'lumo' (force, power)	for more general things, like constitution, social order, political system or metaphysical/religious view
establishment	juton	N	C.	from 'juto' (here: to settle) + 'n' (place suffix)	More general than 'non', which refers more to settlements as in village/dwelling
eternity	kedoonifi	N	I.	'kedoonif' (forever) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
euphony	tesohafe	N	I.	from 'tesoha' (sound, sounds) + 'fe' (archaic 'together', also a derivation suffix)
evade	deo	V	MAJ	from 'dee' (past, beyond, during)
evaporate	favohea	V	MAJ	from 'favo' (to cook) + 'hea' (away, derivation suffix)
even	udehu	ADV		from 'ude' (with) + 'uhu' (also, too)
even	uhu	ADV
even though	heijea	C		possibly related to 'hehe' (still) + 'moji' (but)
evening	tooni	N	I.	from 'ti' (motion) + 'ooniva' (night)
evenness	kelami	N	I.	from 'kelama' (plain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
event	asi	N	I.	from 'aso' (look at) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), literally '[something one is] looking at'
eventually	hoilohe	ADV		from 'ho' (to continue, to keep) + 'ileho' (to change) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
ever	idate	ADV		from 'in doonati' (in the future) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
every	ufava	DET	W.	from 'ufa' (all, everything, W. gender) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
every	efiva	DET	I.	from 'efi' (all, everything, C. gender) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
every	afava	DET	C.	from 'afa' (all, everything, C. gender) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
everything	efi	P	I.		referring to unknown / invisible objects, or for general statements.
everything	uf	P	W.		'Wilderness' gender variant, referring to things that can be found in a jungle or the deep ocean.
everything	af	P	C.		referring to known / visible objects (e. g. everything here, all food, was caught in the ocean), not a general statement
everywhere	ufahen	ADV	W.	from 'uf a hen' (all, wild gender, of here)	used exclusively in 'wild places' for visible places surrounding the speaker, e. g. the jungle
everywhere	efina	ADV	I.	from 'efi a ana' (abstract/immaterial all of place)	used to mean 'everywhere, not just here' Spelling variant: 'ifana', which is closer to 'ufana' (everywhere in the wilderness)
everywhere	ufana	ADV	W.	from 'uf a ana' (all (wild gender) of place)	used to mean 'everywhere in the wilderness' to make general statements about places like the jungle, the ocean and so on
everywhere	afenav	ADV	C.	probably from 'af' (all, common things) + 'nav' (by, near)	Used mostly to mean 'everywhere here', that is, only including the places near to the speaker
everywhere	afahen	ADV	C.	from 'af a hen' (all of here)	used exclusively for visible places surrounding the speaker
evil	tuved	N	I.	unknown, possible root
evildoer	tuveda	N	C.	from 'tuved' (evil) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
evolution	ilehi a havan	N	I.	literally 'change of nature'
exactly	se	ADV		shortening of 'seo' (to hit the target, to land on a spot)
exactness	sei	N	I.	from 'seo' (to hit, strike) or 'se' (exactly) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
exam	donatavani	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'tavani' (truth)
example	masijivo	N	I.	from 'masiji' (explanation) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
except for	mojile	ADP		from 'moji' (but) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
exceptionality	nohefi	N	I.	from 'noohe' (above) + efi (abstract/immaterial all)
exceptionally	nohefe	ADV		from 'noohe' (above) + efi (abstract/immaterial all) + e (common adverb suffix)
excess	oosa	N	C.	from 'oos' (too much) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
exchange	hokehut	N	I.	from 'hokedo' (in exchange for) + 'hut' (reciprocal suffix)
exchange	hokehuto	V	MAJ	from 'hokehut' (trade, exchange) + 'o' (verb suffix)
excite	tisefo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'efo' (causative verb derivation suffix, see also 'vuhefo')
excluding	netie	ADP		from 'neti' (here: limit) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
excluding	mojile	ADP		from 'moji' (but) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
excuse	dekiovo	V	MAJ	from 'dekio' (to understand) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
exercise	kilitohi	N	I.	from 'kilitohe', (to stretch oneself, to exercise) reflexive form of 'kilito' (to stretch) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	physical training or competing, or playing chess
exercise	kilitohe	V	MIN	reflexive of 'kilito' (here: to stretch)	physical exercising, such as running, stretching etc.
exercise power	lumoo ... ove	V	MAJ	from 'lumo' (strength, power, force) + 'o' (verb suffix) + 'ove' (on, on top of)	Refers to exercising power in an unjust, unjustified coercive way.
exhaustion	heitidi	N	I.	from 'heiti' (dullness) + 'di' (feeling)
exist	no	V	MIN	unknown
existence	ni	N	I.	from 'no' (live)
exit	foho	V	MIN	from 'foohe' (to free oneself) + 'o' (verb suffix)
expand	kilito	V	MAJ	from 'kilita' (length) + 'o' (verb suffix)
expect	sahasio	V	IR	from 'saiho' (think) + 'asijo' (happen) during a time when 'asijo' didn't have a 'j' yet.	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'to be expected', 'to be expected to be', 'to be expected to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Context, semantics and syntax determine which one gets used. Only one argument, no adverbs: 'Sahasio evohi' - (A result is expected) 'Sahasio tukohi' - (Dancing is expected [to take place]) 'Sahasio datu' - (A beast is expected to exist [somewhere]) Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is reported or that which reported it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Sahasio datu hen.' (A beast is expected here. / Some here expect a beast) 'Sahasio datu a heni.' (A beast is expected [by some] to be here.) 'Sahasio datu a van jumun' (A dangerous beast is expected to exist there. / There some expect a dangerous beast [to exist somewhere].) Example of a sentence with a gerund: 'Sahasio datu tine tukohi' - (A beast is expected to be dancing) 'Sahasio tukohi a datude' - (Dancing of a beast is expected to take place)
expect to be	saihodo	AUX	IR	from saiho (think) + do (feel)	This is a group of meanings used when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb, either in transitive or intransitive sentences. It includes 'be expected to be' (intransitive), 'be expected to be sth. (transitive), 'expect so. to be' (transitive) and 'expect so. to be something' (ditransitive) 'Saihodo no la hen inatife.' - (They are expected to be here soon. / They will probably be here soon.) 'Saihodo no la udimimo inatife.' - (They are expected to be friends soon. / They will probably be friends soon.) Similar to 'Sahasio la he inatife' (They are expected to be here soon) or 'Sahasio la udimimo inatife' (They are expected to be friends soon), however the 'to be expected' of 'sahasio' is more 'to take for granted', whereas the 'to be expected' of 'saihodo' is more 'to be imagined' 'Saihodo no ta he la hen inatife.' (I expect them to be here soon / I expect that they are here soon) 'Saihodo saavo ta he la mihononiti in vunuhi.' (I expect them to clean the house tomorrow. / I expect that they will clean the house tomorrow.)
expect to be able to do	sahasio	AUX	IR	from 'saiho' (think) + 'asijo' (happen) during a time when 'asijo' didn't have a 'j' yet.	This is a group of meanings used when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb, either in transitive or intransitive sentences. It includes 'be expected to be able to do' (intransitive), 'be expected to be able to do sth. (transitive), 'expect so. to be able to do' (transitive) and 'expect so. to be able to do something' (causative-like ditransitive) 'Sahasio mihinido la inatife.' - (They are expected to be able to sleep soon. / They will probably be able to sleep soon.) 'Sahasio saavo la saaniti in vunuhi.' (They are expected to be able to clean the beach tomorrow. / They will probably be able to clean the beach tomorrow.) 'Sahasio mihinido ta he la inatife.' (I expect them to be able to sleep soon / I expect that they are able to sleep soon) 'Sahasio saavo ta he la mihononiti in vunuhi.' (I expect them to be able to clean the house tomorrow. / I expect that they will be able to clean the house tomorrow.)
expect to do	saihodo	AUX	IR	from saiho (think) + do (feel)	This is a group of meanings used when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb, either in transitive or intransitive sentences. It includes 'be expected to do' (intransitive), 'be expected to do sth. (transitive), 'expect so. to do' (transitive) and 'expect so. to do something' (causative-like ditransitive) 'Saihodo mihinido la inatife.' - (They are expected to sleep soon. / They will probably sleep soon.) 'Saihodo saavo la saaniti in vunuhi.' (They are expected to clean the beach tomorrow. / They will probably clean the beach tomorrow.) 'Saihodo mihinido ta he la inatife.' (I expect them to sleep soon / I expect that they sleep soon) 'Saihodo saavo ta he la mihononiti in vunuhi.' (I expect them to clean the house tomorrow. / I expect that they will clean the house tomorrow.)
expect to have to do	sahono	AUX	IR	from 'saiho' (think) + 'no' (be)	This is a group of meanings used when the verb is used as an auxiliary verb, either in transitive or intransitive sentences. It includes 'be expected to have to do' (intransitive), 'be expected to have to do sth. (transitive), 'expect so. to have to do' (transitive) and 'expect so. to have to do something' (causative-like ditransitive) 'Sahono mihinido la inatife.' - (They are expected to have to sleep soon. / They will probably have to sleep soon.) 'Sahono saavo la saaniti in vunuhi.' (They are expected to have to clean the beach tomorrow. / They will probably have to clean the beach tomorrow.) 'Sahono mihinido ta he la inatife.' (I expect them to have to sleep soon / I expect that they have to sleep soon) 'Sahono saavo ta he la mihononiti in vunuhi.' (I expect them to have to clean the house tomorrow. / I expect that they will have to clean the house tomorrow.)
expectedly	sahasie	ADV		from 'sahasio' (to expect) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
expedition	havansotiit	N	I.	from 'havansoti' (wandering, hike) + 'it' (qualitative augmentative suffix)	For scientific expeditions and for adventurous traveling in unexplored places.
expel	lutoheo	V	MAJ	from 'luto' (to kick) + 'hea' (away) + 'o' (verb suffix)
experience	dono	V	MAJ	from 'do' (feel) + 'no' (be)
experience	donosani	N	I.	'dono' (to experience) + 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Refers to actions that expand one's (life) knowledge and/or skills, or that knowledge itself, not the experiencing of certain feelings or the like.
experience	doni	N	I.	from 'dono' (to experience) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
experienced person	donosana	N	C.	from 'donosani' (experience) + 'a' (a common noun suffix)
expire	mellovo	V	MAJ	semantic expansion of 'mellovo' (to spoil, perish)
expiry	mellovi	N	I.	semantic expansion of 'mellovi' (spoilage)
explain	dekiovo	V	MAJ	from 'dekio' (to understand) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	usually verbally, and especially (but not exclusively) for excuses
explain	masijo	V	MAJ	from 'maso' (lie, lay, lay down) + 'ji' (abstract/immaterial proximal demonstrative) + 'o' (verb suffix)	can also feature demonstrations, or be visual in some (other) way
explanation	masiji	N	I.	from 'masijo' (to explain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
explode	tisolumo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn, burn up) + 'lumo' (here: power, loudness)
exploration	sondit	N	I.	from 'sondi' (stroll, walk) + 'it' (qualitative augmentative suffix)
explore	sondo	V	MIX	semantic extension of 'sondo' (explore)	rarely 'sooto' in some dialects Behaves like a minor verb in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but like a major verb when the subject is inanimate. Like other minor verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
explore	sondito	V	MIX	from 'sondit' (exploration) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Large-scale, and/or systematic exploration or scouting. Unergative in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but ergative when the subject is inanimate. Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
explorer	sonda	N	C.	from 'sondo' (to walk or wander around, explore) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
explosion	tisolumi	N	I.	from 'tisolumo' (to explode) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
export	vattiheo	V	MAJ	from 'vattihea' (export) + 'o' (verb suffix)
export	vattihea	N	I.	from 'vatti' (carrying) + 'hea' (away)
express	nuudeko	V	MAJ	from 'nuo deki' (give message) + 'o' (verb suffix)
expression	hedojai	N	I.	from 'hedojao' (seem like) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
extend to	femo	V	MAJ	root	extend to something, not between (use 'daho at ... li' for that)
extend to	daho	V	IT	from 'dahe' (room, space) + 'o' (verb suffix)	only used in intransitive sentences with 'at ... li' to mean 'to extend from ... to'	Daho nonaf at netede li dovunede. The settlements extend from the coast to the jungle.
extent	femi	N	I.	from 'femo' (to extend) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
extinguish	ilvuno	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'ilvuno' (to end)
extinguisher	ilvunivo a vanide	N	C.	literally 'that with which [something] is ended' + 'of fire[s]', from 'ilvunivo' ('ilvuno' to end + 'ivo' instrumental suffix) + 'a vanide' (of fire[s])
eye	maja	N		from ma[t] (body) + j[oo] (see) + a (noun suffix)
eyelash	lojamaja	N	C.	from 'loja' (hair) + 'maja' (eye)
eyelid	madaja	N	C.	from 'mada' (skin) + 'maja' (eye)
fabric	desofenava	N	C.	from 'desofena' (here: clothes, clothing) + 'va' (material, part)
fabric	dela	N	C.	from 'delo' (to weave yarn) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	especially for fabric that has not been cut or made into clothing yet, unworked fabric
face	dovo te	V	MIN	literally 'stand against/onwards'
face	joafa	N	C.	from 'jai' (sight) + 'toofa' (head)
face	teho	V	MAJ	from 'tei' (confrontation, facing)
fact	vi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vi' (thing, entity)
factory	aminat	N	C.	from 'amin' (workplace, business) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
fail	illomo	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'lomoho' (to complete, finish)
fair	hemen a vuhat	N	C.	literally 'market of holiday'	referring to a town/county fair or similar
faith	homanuki	N	I.	from 'homanuko' (believe) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fake	ilhavani	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'havani' (naturalness, realness, reality)
fall	tuuvi	N	I.	from 'tuuvo' (to descend, sink) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for amounts, numbers and other abstract things
fall	fuedo	V	IT	root
fall apart	altahadovo	V	MAJ	from 'al' (opposite prefix) + 'tahadovo' (to unite)
fall asleep	nuuheohe oonide	V	MIN	literally 'give yourself away to the night'
falling apart	altahadovi	N	I.	from 'altahadovo' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fals	kotid	N	W.	loan from Ekuostian 'kotid' (/kʌt̪yd̪/, Fals)
falsehood	iltavani	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tavani' (truth)
fame	muldafohi	N	I.	gerund of 'muldafo' (to become famous for good deeds)	fame from good deeds only
familiarise yourself with	fuumo	V	MAJ	root
family	jufi	N	C.	from 'jute' (residence of a population) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
fan	fohoivo	N	C.	from 'fohoi' (ventilating, ventilation) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	referring to e.g. a paper fan
fan	fohoo	V	MAJ	from 'foo' (to open) + 'huu' (air) + 'o' (verb suffix)
fanciness	hosoi	N	I.	from 'hoso' (to glitter, gleam, glint) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fantasy	saihodi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'saihodi' (imagination, imagined thing)
far away	ha	ADV
farm	haadon	N	C.	from 'haado' (to grow) + 'n' (place suffix)	for bigger, less garden-like farms, that are mostly or exclusively horticultural ones.
farm	haado	V	MAJ	extension of 'haado' (to grow)	not for animals
farm	fefon	N		from 'fefo' (to harvest) + 'n' (place)
farm	netuadovanat	N	C.	from 'netuadovan' (garden) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	For large garden-like farms, having flowers as well as some vegetable crops, bushes etc.
farm animal	amova	N	C.	from 'amo' (to work) + 'va' (here: animal suffix)
farmer	haadomo	N	C.	from 'haado' (to grow, to build) + 'mo' (profession noun suffix)
farmhand	fefomo	N	C.	from 'fefo' (to harvest) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	including seasonal farm workers
farming machine	haadovaili	N	C.	from 'haado' (grow/build) + 'vaili' (tool/machine suffix)	(those that take over a manual job completely rather than serve as an aid)
farming tools	haadivo	N	C.	from 'haado' (grow/build) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
fascism	sahai a lumadoi	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of command'
fashion	toniata	N	I.	from 'tonijata', originally from 'toni' (way) + ejomata (clothing)
fasten	koto	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'ngōna' (to hold)
fat	afuva	N	C.	root, assumed to be a cognate of 'apūira' (fat, adjective) in NGU. Was 'afuiva' in Middle Jutean
fate	ni	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ni' (life)
father	nuino	V	MAJ	nuina (child) + o (verb suffix)
father	vunamo	V	MAJ
fatigue	heitidi	N	I.	from 'heiti' (dullness) + 'di' (feeling)
fatness	afui	N	I.	backformation of 'afuiva' (fat, noun) through (erroneous) reanalyzation of it having the 'va' (part, material, stuff)
favourite	saihoki	N	I.	from 'saihoko' (to like)
fear	vandi	N	I.	from 'vando' (fear) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fear	vando	V	MAJ	from 'van' (danger, fire, wildness) + 'do' (feel)
fearfully	vande	ADV		from 'vandi' (here: fear) + 'e' (here: adverb derivation suffix)
fearmonger	vomiso	V	MAJ	from 'vomisa' (fear- or scaremongering) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Intransitive meaning: 'to be subject of fear- or scaremongering'
fearmongering	vomisa	N	I.	unknown	full definition: 'causing of a mass panic through fear-mongering or irresponsible handling of delicate information'
feather	humatava	N	C.	from 'humat' (wing) + 'va' ('inseparable' part/material suffix)
feature	eeofula	N	I.	from 'eeo' (able to) + 'fuli' (remark) + 'a' (common noun suffix), so literally translating to 'something that can be remarked (upon)'
federalisation	tahadovi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'tahadovi' (link, connection, relation)
federation	vunaman a tahadovi	N	I.	literally 'nation of federalization', or 'federalized nation'
fee	eveset	N	I.	loan from South Jutean 'cevesete' (fine, toll), originally from Old Gfiewish 'gewst tvo' (forced offering), equivalent to modern Gfiewish 'keld' (toll booth, customs station)
feed	hemovo	V	MAJ	from 'hemo' (to eat) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
feel	do	V	MAJ		emotionally, or a moral sense
feel	hoojo	V	MAJ	from 'hooja' (skin) + 'o' (verb suffix)	feel something physically
feel alone	diko	V	MIN	from 'do' (to feel) + 'ike' (alone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
feel anguish	kolijo	V	MAJ	from 'koli' (torment, anguish) + 'o' (verb suffix) Palatalization lead to the introduction of a 'j' before the final 'o'
feel energised	nisaido	V	MIN	from nisai[f] + do (feel)
feel pain	holdo	V	IT	from 'holde' (pain) + 'o' (verb suffix)
feeling	dihooji	N	I.	from 'di' (emotional feeling) + 'hooji' (contact)	referring to the sense of touch
feeling	di	N	I.
feet	matta	N	C.	from mat (body) + [a]to (go) + a (a noun suffix)
fell	fuedo	V	T	root
fell	kaato	V	MAJ	from 'kaat' (tree stump) + 'o' (verb suffix)	specifically for trees
fellow soldier	hetevimehi	N	C.	from 'hetevimo' ('noble' warrior defending something for a good cause) + 'ehi' ('fellow X' suffix)	comrade in arms, brother in arms, fellow soldier, cobelligerent
female	sulja	N	C.	root	for animals only
feminism	ki a sehukumo	N	I.	literally 'order/movement of Sehukumo', sehukumo being the native Jutean gender that used to have a standing similar to women in Western society pre-feminism
fence	netunifi	N	C.	from 'netun' ((city) walls) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	a fence that protects for example a field of crops, or a lone home in the wilderness or at the edge of it.
fenugreek	timito	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'tiimidto' (/ti:midto/, fenugreek)
ferment	nuo dooniti	V	T	literally 'give time'
fertility	nuani	N	I.	from 'nua' ('giver' prefix) + 'ni' (life)	both of the soil and of animals or humans
festoon	itikoma	N	C.	from 'ite' (row) + 'ikoma' (leaf)
fetch	sundo	V	MAJ	root	of something which has a known location
fetch	teko	V	MAJ	most likely a root, origin unknown
fever	heitidat	N	I.	from 'heitidi' (tiredness, exhaustion, fatigue) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
few	kiovufii	DET	W.	from 'kiovuf' (some, several) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	referring to only a couple (up to 3 with bigger items, 5-7 with average-sized items and roughly 10 with smaller items) wild/dangerous things, for example in a jungle
few	kiovifii	DET	C.,I.	from 'kiovif' (some, several) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	referring to only a couple (up to 3 with bigger items, 5-7 with average-sized items and roughly 10 with smaller items) familiar, abstract and unknown/unknowable things, but not wild/dangerous ones
fibre	tumava	N	C.	from 'tuma' (yarn) + 'va' (material suffix)
field	muava	N	C.	root
field of flowers	saanu a ohaja	N	C.	literally 'sea of flower'
fieriness	tisi	N	I.	from 'tiso' (to burn, burn up, burst) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fifteen thousand six hundred twenty-five	evokihif	NUM		from 'evokihi' (amount) + 'vuhifi' (star)	base-5 equivalent of a million rare alternate variant: evohuif, from 'evohi' + 'vuhifi'
fight	vettaf	N	I.	from 'vetta' (hit) + 'f' (collective/multitude suffix)
fight	tehomi	N	I.	from 'tehomo' (fighter, rebel) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	refers to a fight, struggle or rebellion that can be more metaphorical, and is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
fight	vettafo	V	MAJ	from 'vettaf' (fight, violent conflict) + 'o' (verb suffix)
fighter	hetevimo	N	C.	from 'hetevi' (defense, military protection) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	used for 'noble' fighters defending something, rather than pillaging wealth-seekers or anything similar
fighter	vettafamo	N	C.	from 'vettaf' (fight) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	A less 'noble' fighter who fights just for the sake of it or for wealth and/or prestige, often used for invaders.
fighter	tehomo	N	C.	from 'teho' (here: to confront, face) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	not necessarily part of a military or militia, can also be more metaphorical, and supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
fighter	etimo	N	C.	from 'eti' (hostile rebellion, hostile resistance) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Using 'etimo' implies disapproval of the rebellion or group of fighters, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
file	hotif	N	I.	extension of 'hotif' (book)
file manager	hotifani	N	I.	from 'hotifan' (archive) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	virtual desktop of an operating system on a computer
fill	onko	V	MAJ	root, possible cognate with NGU 'hango' (full)
fill	onki	N	I.	from 'onko' (fill, be full) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fill	uldo	V	MAJ	root	referring to sealing or filling gaps, holes etc.
filled pastry	setu ude nuide	N	C.	literally 'small hill with a gift'	affectionate alternate term for ‘setufi a onkifi’
filled pastry	setufi a onkifi	N	C.	literally 'small hill of filling'
filling	onki	N	I.	from 'onko' (fill, be full) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
filling	onkifi	N	I.	from 'onki' (here: filling) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	referring to smaller servings or fillings
film reel	desofenivo a niooni	N	C.	literally 'coil of film'
filth	vikinivo	N	C.	from 'vikino' (to make dirty, smear, soil) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
fin	osem	N	C.	root	referring to the fin of a fish
finally	netuhe	ADV		from 'netu' (border to wilderness, frontier) + 'e' (here: common adverb suffix)
finally	lilvune	ADV		from 'li' (towards) + 'ilvuni' (end) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
finance	noitoti a lumo a aminif	N	I.	literally 'management of economical power'
find	edojo	V	MAJ	from 'edo' (to come, to arrive) + 'joo' (to see)	come across by chance
find	edoja	N	C.	from 'edojo' (to find, obtain, come across) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological find, and only when found by chance, not after a deliberate search
find	teko	V	MAJ	most likely a root, origin unknown	after a deliberate search
find	teka	N	C.	from 'teko' (here: to find, search for) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological find, and when found after a deliberate search, not by chance
find and accept one's place in the world	ninvo	V	MIN	from 'ninva' (an abstract place, for example one's place in the world) + 'o' (verb suffix)
finding	edoja	N	C.	from 'edojo' (to find, obtain, come across) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological finding, only when found by chance, and not after a deliberate search
finding	teka	N	C.	from 'teko' (here: to find, search for) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	only physical items or sites, for example an archeological finding, and when found after a deliberate search, not by chance
fine sand	iivofi	N	C.	from 'iivo' (sand) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	Mostly for fine beach sand, occasionally used for other kinds of dry fine sand, or even sand-like things/materials.
finely grated coconut	setava	N	C.	from 'seta' (coconut meat) + 'va' (part/material suffix)
finger	manoja	N		ma[t] (body) + vunoj[o] (to show, to point) + a (noun suffix)
fingernail	keus	N	C.	root
finish	lomoho	V	MAJ	from 'lomohe' (perfective aspective indicator)
finish building	hadeefo	V	MAJ	from 'hadeefa' (building) + 'o' (verb suffix)
fire	vani	N	I.	from 'van' (fire) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
fire	van	N	W.
firefighter	ilvunimo a vanide	N	C.	literally 'ender of fire[s]'
fireplace	dahevan	N	C.	from 'dahe' (designated space or place) + 'van' (here: fire)
firewood	tiseea	N	C.	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'eeo' (to be capable of) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	can also refer to anything else that is burnable
first	li vuniti	ADV		literally 'towards the beginning'
first aid	udimi a vui	N	I.	literally 'help of quickness'
first aid kit	udimivo a vui	N	C.	literally 'that with which [someone] is helped quickly', from 'udimivo' ('udimi' help + 'ivo' instrumental suffix) + 'a vui' (of quickness)
fish	fenoo	V	MAJ	from 'fenoi' (fish) + 'o' (verb suffix)
fish	fenoi	N	C.	cognate with NGU 'pengoi' (fish)	edible saltwater fish only
fish	tousaava	N	C.	from 'to un saava' (move in water)	any kind of fish, including those not eaten. Slightly poetic, but still commonly used in neutral speech.
fisher	fenoomo	N	C.	from 'fenoo' (to fish) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
fisher	hememo	N	C.	heme (food) + mo (person)
fist	mana a lusa	N	C.	literally 'hand of prism', referring to the shape of a fist
fit	saadi	N	I.	from 'saa' (wave) + 'di' (feeling), named so because the feeling can come and go like a wave	Only used for emotions and similar.
fit	onko	V	IT	root, possible cognate with NGU 'hango' (full)
fitness fan	kilitomo	N	C.	from 'kilito' (here: to stretch) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
five	kiif	NUM		ki (orderly fashion) + f (multitude suffix)
fix	ilamdo	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'amdo' (break)
fix	ukkovo	V	MAJ	from 'uke' (good, goodness, health) + 'vo' (causative suffix), with the gemination developing to more clearly differentiate it from 'ukeo' (to improve something already decent)	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
fix	ukeo	V	MAJ	from 'ukea' (betterness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to improving something that was good or at least in an acceptable state to begin with
fixate	koto	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'ngōna' (to hold)
fizzy drink	tahava a voha	N	C.	literally 'beverage of bubble'
flag	johi a vunojehi	N	I.	literally 'color(s) of representation'
flame	tisa	N	C.	from 'tiso' (here: to burn) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
flammable object	tiseea	N	C.	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'eeo' (to be capable of) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	anything that is flammable/burnable
flank	navo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'navo' (approach, come closer)
flash	liiko	V	MIN	from 'liik' (a flash) + 'o' (verb suffix)	not used for lightning, but e.g. for flashing lights
flash	fofeo liik	V	MIN	literally 'to rain lightning'	only used for the flashing of lightning
flash	liik	N	W.	root
flashlight	vailivuhefafi	N	C.	from 'vailivuhefa' (lamp) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
flatbread	kelamafi	N	C.	from 'kelama' (a plain) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
flatness	kelami	N	I.	from 'kelama' (plain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
flavour	nemi	N	I.	from 'nema' (tongue) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
flavour	nemivo	V	MAJ	from 'nemi' (taste, flavor) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
flee	noheo	V	MIN	from 'no' (be) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes the 'at' (locative from) preposition.
flesh	take	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'tangī' (flesh) Was 'taki' in Middle Jutean
flinch	desofenofi	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to coil) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
flinch	desofenofo	V	MIN	from 'desofenofi' (a cringe, wince) + 'o' (verb suffix)
flint	vatakelea	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone prefix) + 'kelea' (spark)
flipside	sivi	N	I.	from 'sivio' (turn around) - 'o' (verb suffix)	as opposed to the front, including of abstract/immaterial things/ideas
flirt	tuko	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'tuko' (to dance)	requires no adpositions
float	umto	V	MAJ	from 'umta' (driftwood) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used in intransitive sentences
flock	jufi a amova	N	C.	literally 'family of farm animals'	any group of farm animals
flood	ejosaavo	V	MAJ	from 'ejoto' (here: to cover, coat) + 'saava' (water) + 'o' (verb suffix)
flood	ejosaavat	N	W.	from 'ejosaava' (flood) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	for large, disastrous floods
flood	ejosaava	N	C.	from 'ejosaavo' (to flood) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
floodplain	eeves	N	C.	root
floor	uvata	N	C.	from 'uuva' (bottom) + 'tane' (common inside)	'uvatane' is a less common, more archaic version
floriculture	haadi a ohajamon	N	I.	literally 'cultivation of flower'	can also be 'haadi a ohajamon' (cultivation of flower garden)
florist	ohajamo	N	C.	from 'ohaja' (flower) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
flour	nea	N	C.	from 'neo' (to mill, grind) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	especially coconut flour if not explicitly stated otherwise
flourish	oeedovo	V	MIN	from 'oeedovu' (jungle) + 'o' (verb suffix)
flow	fofuuvo	V	MIN	from 'fofea' (here: to run, rain) + 'uuva' (bottom) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for water or similar, on the ground or in a ditch
flow	taha	N	C.	from tah[oo] (to flow) + a (noun suffix added to preserve the h and keep it different from both ta (I) and the verb form)
flow	tahoo	V	MIN	from 'taxone' (River Jutean for 'river') 'x' (/x/) becomes 'h' in (coastal) Jutean, 'ne' was dropped over time	for rivers or similar
flow rapidly	feuvo	V	MIN	root	referring to larger amounts, most commonly water, less often other liquids, even less often other things
flower	ohaja	N	C.	from 'ohi' (quality, beauty) + 'joha' (sight)	Not the part of a plant that blossoms, the plant itself.
flower	ulo	N	C.	root
flower garden	ohajamon	N	C.	from 'ohajamo' (gardener, florist) + 'n' (place suffix)	for flower gardens
fluid	tahava	N	C.	tah (flow) + ava (material suffix)
flute	huusa	N	C.	from 'huuso' (to blow)
fly	huuvafi	N	C.	from 'huuva' (bird, flying animal) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
fly	huto	V	MIN	from 'huu' (air) + 'to' (go)	alternative variant: 'sanuhuuto'
foam	doose	N	C.	root
foamy drink	tahava a doose	N	C.	literally 'drink of foam'
focus	elkoo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'elkoo' (to aim, shoot with a bow)
fog	jedu	N	C.	root
fold	desi	N	I.	from 'deso' (here: to fold) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fold	deso	V	MAJ	root
folder	itivo	N	C.	from 'ito' (here: to classify, organize, collect) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
follow	todehento	V	MAJ	probably related to 'to' (to go) and 'ude' (with)
follow	tonto	V	MAJ	from 'tonte' (after) + 'o' (verb suffix)
follow a hunch	dekimido	V	MIN	from 'dekio' (understand) + 'midu' (heart) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Synonymous with 'be kind, understanding' in Jutean, since altruism and kindness are seen as among the most important instincts necessary for survival. So 'to listen to your heart/instincts' is also understood as 'being understanding (of your heart as well as the one of other people)' and by extension as 'being kind'.
followed by	todentije	ADP		from 'todehentohi' (gerundive form of 'to follow') + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction suffix)	alternate, older and longer form: todentohije
following	todentije	ADV		from 'todehentohi' (gerundive form of 'to follow') + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction suffix)	alternate, older and longer form: todentohije
following	todentiji	N	I.	from 'todentije' (next, followed by) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
food	heme	N	C.
food allocation point	hemen	N	C.	heme (food) + n (place suffix)
food organiser	hememo	N	C.	heme (food) + mo (person)
food part	hemeva	N	C.	heme (food) + va (material suffix)
fool	ilnesanimo	N	C.	from 'ilnesani' (ignorance) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
foot	matta	N		from mat (body) + to (go) + a (a noun suffix)
footpath	matton	N	C.	from 'matto' (to wander, walk) + 'n' (place suffix)
for	doti	ADP		from 'doniti' (past)	used with periods of time
for	nuhe	C			used like ‘because’
for	hokedo	ADP		from 'hokono hedo' ('can take')	in exchange for
for	nuhe	ADP		from 'nuo' (give)	benefactive
for	nuhe	ADP		from 'nuo' (give)	because of
for example	masijive	ADV		from 'masijivo' (example) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
for sure	se	ADV		shortening of 'seo' (to hit the target, to land on a spot)	Casual
for sure	ildese	ADV		from 'ildeso' (be unbowed, certain about sth.) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
for the purpose of	li	ADP
forage for herbs	diso	V	MIN	from 'dise' (edible weed, herb) + 'o' (verb suffix)
forb	mosel	N	C.	root	evergreen forbs or perennial non-woody flowering plants, such as banana plants
forbid	ilhoko	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hoko' (allow)
force	lumoo	V	MAJ	from 'lumo' (strength, power, force) + 'o' (verb suffix)
force	lumo	N	I.
force	noito	V	IR	extension of 'noito' (to lead)	Used as an auxiliary in transitive causative sentences.
force of nature	lumovan	N	W.	from 'lumo' (strength, force) + 'van' (here: wildness, jungle)
forced labour	hotuvoniti	N	I.	from 'hotuvonit' (slave) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
forcefully	lumomate	ADV		from 'lumomat' (physical power or strength) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
forehead	vaka	N	C.	root
foreignness	sainahai	N	I.	semantic extension of 'sainahai' (outsider)
foresight	johanni	N	I.	from 'joha a ni' (sight of life)
forest	oeedova	N	C.	from 'oee' (area prefix) + 'dova' (tree)	used for calmer and/or more 'tamed' forests, not for the rainforests in jungles
forever	kedoonif	ADV		ke (ancient for) + doonif (all times) The meaning of 'ke' was later taken over by 'nuhe', with 'hokedo' (in exchange for) and 'ke' (so, very) being modern descendants of the word.
forget	tataimo	V	MAJ	from 'to at saini' (go from mind)
forgive	mohomoo	V	MAJ	mohomo (harmony) + o (verb suffix)
form	mati	N	I.	from 'mat' (body) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
form	mato	V	MAJ	from 'mati' (form) + 'o' (verb suffix)
fort	netun	N	C.	shortening of 'mihonon a netun' ('walled house', or fort) or 'mihonafa a netun' ('walled community hall')	any walled building, structure or complex
fort	mihonon a netun	N	C.	literally 'house of (city) walls', or 'walled house'
forward	tovo mekohe	V	MAJ	literally 'to send further'
forward	te	ADV		from 'to' (go) + 'e' (an adverb/preposition suffix)
foster	vuammo	V	MAJ	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
fosterer	vuammo	N	C.	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	For non-professional nurses or nannies that aren't hired, but instead do it to help someone, like a friend or family member.
fosterer	sehukumo	N	C.	from 'sehuko' (here: to care) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
found	juto	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'juto' (to settle, make one's home, cultivate etc.)
found	novo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (to be, exist, live) + 'vo' (causative trigger, here used as a derivation suffix)	Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project or club, or when talking about starting a car or similar vehicle, not for e.g. new settlements
foundation	oeni	N	I.	from 'oena' (soil, ground, earth) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for abstract/immaterial/unknown things
foundation	oena	N	C.	extension of 'oena' (soil, ground, earth)	for physically existing things, e.g. a house
fountain	sundoha	N	C.	from 'sundo' (to get, obtain from a known source) + 'he' (reflexive suffix) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	e.g. a water fountain or spring, both constructed and natural ones
four	du	NUM		root
fragility	amdeei	N	I.	from 'amdo' (to break, shatter) + 'eei' (ability suffix)
frame	nuamati	N	C.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'mati' (shape, form, structure)
framework	oeni	N	I.	from 'oena' (soil, ground, earth) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
freaking	vikinive	ADV		from 'vikinivi' (dirt, filth) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)	also used as an interjection
free	foo	V	IR	root	This meaning is ergative, 'to free so. or sth.' in transitive sentences, 'be freed' in intransitive sentences.
free day	vuhami	N	I.	from 'vuha' day + 'mi' calm
free port	hokehuton	N	C.	from 'hokehuto' (trade) + 'n' (place suffix)
free time	mihoni	N	I.	from 'mihono' (to relax) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
free will	saimohi a foi	N	I.	literally 'free wanting'
free-trade zone	hokehuton	N	C.	from 'hokehuto' (trade) + 'n' (place suffix)
freedom	foi	N	I.	from 'foo' (to open) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	physical freedom, as for example the freedom to roam, or the lack of (metaphorical) chains that would prevent you from doing that
freeze	haadalfano	V	MAJ	from 'haadalfani' (ice) + 'o' (verb suffix)
frequency	anti	N	I.	semantic extension of 'anti' (commonly, habitually)
freshen	lottuvo	V	MAJ	from 'lottu' (freshness, ripeness) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
freshness	lottu	N	I.	root, unknown origin
friend	udimimo	N	C.	from 'udimi' (help, support) + 'mo' (agent/'profession' suffix)	good friend = 'udimimo a haad' (literally 'a big friend')
friendship	udimimi	N	I.	from 'udimimo' (helper, friend) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
frighten	vandovo	V	MAJ	from 'vando' (fear) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
frightening	vandovi	N	I.	from 'vandovo' (to frighten) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	the act of frightening or quality of being frightening
frightening thing	vandovu	N	W.	from 'vandovo' (to frighten) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
frolic	sevo	V	MIN	root
from	at	ADP		from ato (to come)	for locations, e.g. 'from somewhere'
from	a	ADP			When referring to the originator/possessor of a thing/idea/concept, such as in 'a gift from them'. Not in the sense of 'being made of something', as for example in 'a plane made from paper'. Neither when referring to a location, like 'I went from here to there'.
from	odu	ADP	W.	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'u' (wilderness gender suffix)	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
from	oda	ADP	C.	unknown	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
from	odi	ADP	I.	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
from ... on	une	ADP		from 'vuni' (here: beginning, start) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition suffix)
from here	ninve	ADV		from 'ninva' (point of view, side, view) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
front	jofi	N	I.	from 'joafa' (face) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
frontier	netu	N	W.	net (coast) + u (wilderness suffix)	Historically, the wilderness (rainforest) was the natural border of the Jutean villages.
frown	kiovaho	V	MIN	from 'kiova' (here: seriousness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in intransitive sentences only
fruit	kama	N	C.	root
fruit infusion	saavakama	N	C.	from 'saava' (water) + 'kama' (fruit)	either cold or warm
fruit juice	tahakama	N	C.	from 'tahava' (fluid, liquid, drink) + 'kama' (edible fruit)
fry	vanio ove menesade	V	MAJ	literally 'heat on top of oil'
fuel	nuamivi	N	C.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'amivi' (energy)
fulfil	lo	V	IT	root
fulfil	lovo	V	MAJ	from 'lo' (suffice, fulfil, be in good shape) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
fulfilment	lomohi	N	I.	from 'lomoho' (to complete) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	the fulfillment of a particular task or job
fulfilment	lovi a nide	N	I.	literally 'fulfillment of life'	strong liking, something that you think fulfills or significantly improves your life
fulfilment	lovi	N	I.	from 'lovo' (to fulfil, especially the potential of something or someone) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	especially used to talk about the fulfillment of the potential of someone or something
fulfilment	uvulvi	N	I.	from 'ude vuni u ilvuni' ('with beginning and end')	the state or quality of being fulfilling
fullness	onki	N	I.	from 'onko' (fill, be full) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fully	onke	ADV		from 'onki' (here: fullness) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
function	eehi	N	I.	from 'eeo' (to be able to, to be capable of) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	function as in an action or activity contributing to a larger action e.g. of an organ or a body part also the ability to carry out that action
function	eeho	V	MAJ	from 'eehi' (ability) + 'o' (verb suffix)
fund	oenivi	N	I.	from 'oeni' (foundation) + 'vi' (suffix denoting something that enables something else to exist or happen)
fund	oeno	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'oeno' (to ground, rely, depend, base on)
fundament	oeni	N	I.	from 'oena' (soil, ground, earth) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
fundamentalism	kiat a oeni	N	I.	literally 'radical/fundament-like belief system'
funny thing	mello	N	I.	semantic extension of 'tello' (sourness), based on the funny expression a person usually makes when eating something very sour
fur	heso	V	MAJ	root
fur	valanka	N	C.	root
furniture	olumafi	N	C.	from 'oluma' (construction, structure) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
further	mekohe	ADV		from 'mekoohi' (gerund of 'to add') + 'e' (a common adverb/conjunction suffix)
furthermore	mekohe	C		from 'mekoohi' (gerund of 'to add') + 'e' (a common adverb/conjunction suffix)
futility	vili	N	I.	from 'vi' (thing) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), or 'the quality of not being a (useful) thing'
future	doonati	N	I.	dooni (time) + ato (to come) + i (abstract/immaterial suffix)	Variant: donaati, reflects the changed pronunciation in some dialects
gaiety	mello	N	I.	semantic extension of 'mello' (sourness), based on the funny expression a person usually makes when eating something very sour
galaxy	sedame a vuhifi	N	W.	literally 'mash/stew of star'
gall	enuu	N	C.	root	sometimes also called 'tahava a keake' or 'liquid of liver'
gallbladder	enuun	N	C.	from 'enuu' (bile, gall) + 'n' (place suffix)
game	iduhi	N	I.	from 'iduo' (to play) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
game	maami	N	I.	from 'maamio' (to play, toy) with the verb suffix 'o' deleted
gang	kahanu	N	W.	from 'kahana' (group) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
garden	netuadovan	N	C.	from 'netuadova' (gardener) + 'n' (place suffix)	For the most common type of gardens, having flowers as well as some vegetable crops, bushes etc.
garden	netuadovo	V	MAJ	from 'netuadova' (gardener) + 'o' (verb suffix)
gardener	ohajamo	N	C.	from 'ohaja' (flower) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	for flower gardens
gardener	netuadova	N	C.	from 'netumo' (guard, sentry) + 'haadova' (plant)	for gardens in general and vegetable/herb gardens in particular
garlic	vinke	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'biŋge' (/bɪŋge/, garlic)	referring to the spice, not the plant
gas	huulu	N	W.	from 'huu' (wind) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	gaseous state of something that usually is not a gas
gasp	meto	V	MIN	root
gasp!	metto	I		probably from 'meto' (to gasp)
gate	foat	N	C.	from 'foa' (here: opening) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
gatekeeper	foatamo	N	C.	from 'foat' (gate) + 'mo' (agentive derivation suffix)
gather	feo	V	MAJ	root	rarely used with sapient beings in intransitive sentences except in a metaphorical or poetical sense
gather	uiso	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'uiso' (collect mushrooms), as it started to be used for more than just mushrooms
gatherer	hememo	N	C.	heme (food) + mo (person)
gathering	edife	N	I.	from 'edi' (arrival) + 'fe' (archaic 'together' adverb)
gem	vatahaji	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone derivation suffix) + 'ohaji' (visual beauty)	some dialects might shorten this to 'vataaji' or 'vatooji'
gender	ninvato	V	MAJ	from 'ninvat' (gender) + 'o' (verb suffix)
gender	ninvat	N	I.	from 'ninva' (an abstract place, for example one's place in the world) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	any kind of major social role, especially a gender, sometimes also social positions of responsibility seen as equivalent or roughly similar to genders (at least according to prevailing gender norms), like e.g. caretaker, guardian, elder
generally	efife	ADV		from 'efi' (abstract 'all') + 'fe' (archaic 'together')
generation	dotohaaf	N		from 'dotohaa' (year) + 'f' (multitude suffix)
generosity	saihonui	N	I.	from 'saihonuo' (to be generous) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
geography	nesani a savanhu	N	I.	literally 'knowledge of the world'
geology	nesanifola	N	I.	from 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'fola' (rock)
germ	nualikimat	N	I.	from 'nua' ('giver' prefix) + 'ilikimat' (illness)
germinate	luuso	V	MIN	root	'to sprout something' would be translated with 'matio' (to form)
get	teko	V	MAJ	most likely a root, origin unknown
get	sundo	V	MAJ	root	of something which has a known location
get	evoto	V	MAJ	root
get away with	noheo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (be) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
get back	evotilo	V	MAJ	from 'evoto' (get, receive, obtain) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repetition of an action)
get into	tino	V	MAJ	from 'tine' (abstract/immaterial 'into, inside') + 'o' (verb suffix)	for nationstates, digital things and other abstract concepts
get lost	ejahohe	V	MIN	reflexive of 'ejaho' (to lose, be lost, disappear)
get rid of	tavuheo	V	MAJ	from 'tavuo' (bring) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	when talking about things or persons that shouldn't be in the place the speaker is talking about, or that were or are being removed
get to know	fuumo	V	MAJ	root
get up	luso	V	MIN	root
geyser	sundohaat	N	W.	from 'sundoha' (spring, fountain) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
gg	aau	ABB		from 'ami a uketa' (best deed)
ghost	jiikamo	N	I.	from 'jiik' (creak) + 'mo' (agentive suffix)
giant	saumahaat	N	C.	from 'sauma' (human) + '[a]' (of) + 'haad' (bigness) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
giant owl	onikesat	N	W.	from 'onikes' (guineafowl) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
gift	nui	N	I.	from 'nuo' (give) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for abstract/immaterial gifts, like for example a good education. Anything you can't physically touch.
giganticness	haadat	N	I.
gill	tomva	N	C.	root	referring to the organ used to breathe by e.g. fish
ginger	usa a tisi	N	C.	literally 'root of fieriness/spiciness'
give	nuo	V	MAJ
give a speech	tahio	V	MIN	tahi (story) + o (verb suffix)
give away	hokehuto ... nuhe	V	MAJ	literally 'trade ... for'	that which is given or traded away or sold becomes the direct object, the trade partner or partners the indirect object preceded by 'nuhe' (benefactive for), 'li evotohi a' (towards the obtaining of) or a similar phrase can be used to specify what is being received in return
give away	nuuheo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'hea' ('away'-suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	not used when talking about giving away anything in a trade, but for those giveaways that don't involve any commercial activity or direct (quid pro quo) exchange
give away	hokedo	V	MAJ	zero derivation from 'hokedo' (in exchange for)	for trades
give birth	vuno	V	MAJ
give birth	nuino	V	MAJ	from 'nui' (giving) + 'ni' (life) + 'o' (verb suffix)
give up	ilnuheo	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'nuheo' (try)
give up	sivio ... eteve	V	MAJ	literally 'to turn around away from (something or someone)'
give up	toho	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'toho' (to leave)
give way	hoko teheko	V	MAJ	literally 'allow to move'
give weight to	vuato li	V	MAJ	extension of 'vuato' (to weigh, decide)
giver	nua	N	C.	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	usually referring to inanimate things, something that e.g. gives (or is supposed to give) you wealth, power (e.g. money) or similar. Can sometimes also be used for immaterial items (e.g. an idea as a 'giver' of hope). Mostly used in combination with another word explaining that which is being given, e.g. 'nua a lumo' ('giver of power/wealth)
giving	nui	N	I.	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
glacier	hesonka	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) 'hsóŋ' (glacier)
gladness	ilvuati	N	I.	from 'ilvuato' (relieve, lift, depose, remove from office) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
glance	hujifi	N	I.	from 'huji' (view, seeing) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
gland	nuatahava	N	C.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'tahava' (liquid)
glass	dovauhi	N	C.	from 'dova' (wood, tree) + 'vuhi' (light)
glasses	jivo	N	C.	from 'joo' (to see) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
gleam	unvo	V	MIN	root
gleam	hosoi	N	I.	from 'hoso' (to glitter, gleam, glint) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
gleam	hoso	V	MIN	root
glide	honovo	V	MIN	from 'ho' (keep) + 'no' (be) + 'ove' (on top of) + 'o' (verb suffix)
glimpse	hujifi	N	I.	from 'huji' (view, seeing) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
glint	hoso	V	MIN	root
glitter	hosoi	N	I.	from 'hoso' (to glitter, gleam, glint) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
glitter	hoso	V	MIN	root
glitter	unvo	V	MIN	root
globalisation	savanhuohi	N	I.	Gerund of 'savanhuo' (to globalize, make extend over or have connections with the entire world)
globalise	savanhuo	V	MAJ	from 'savanhu' (world) + 'o' (verb suffix)
glory	ukainat	N	I.	from 'ukaini' (honor) + 'at' (quantitative augmentative suffix)
glove	jeke	N	C.	loan from Classical Neviran 'jek' (/ɟɛk/, shoe)
glow	voono	V	MAJ	from 'vuhi' (light) + 'oone' (moon) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Not used for the sun, but for the moon and other astral bodies as well as other smaller light sources (like a torch or flashlight) that don't create light so bright it makes the night as bright as day.
glow	vooni	N	I.	from 'voono' (to glow) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
glue	tahadovivo	N	C.	from 'tahadovo' + 'ivo' instrumental suffix
glue	tahadovo	V	MAJ	from 'tahadova' tree sap, pitch, resin + 'o' verb suffix
gnarl	vullo	V	MIN	imitative
gnaw	danko	V	MAJ	root
go	ato	V	MIN	from 'a' (of) + 'to' (to go)	to go away from somewhere
go	to	V	MIN
go along with	tono	V	MAJ	from 'ton' (path) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to people, ideas, methods
go away from	toho	V	MAJ	from 'to' (go) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
go back	toheno	V	MIX	from 'tohene' (back, as in 'go back') + 'o' (verb suffix)	unergative verb in sentences where the subject is human (or otherwise sapient and using human pronouns), but ergative when the subject is another living being or inanimate (using the animate pronouns or the inanimate ones) Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. 'to go back to' is 'toheno li'.
go back	ilto	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'to' (go)
go fast	himmino	V	MIN	from 'himmin' (rocket) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to go as fast as a rocket (literally or metaphorically)
go out	tafenavo	V	MIN	from 'to' (to go) + 'afenav' (around)
go through	tono	V	MAJ	from 'to' (to go) + 'na' (through, along) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to both literal going through a landscape or place and periods of time or experiences
go through a red light	deo vuhiti a jevani	V	T	literally 'ignore light of redness'
goal	tefi	N	I.	from 'tefa' (destination) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	an objective
goal	sea	N	C.	from 'seo' (to hit or strike a target in sports or similar activities, to land) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	designated place in some sports that e.g. a ball needs to land in
goal	sei	N	I.	from 'seo' (to hit or strike a target in sports or similar activities, to land) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	scoring in some sports
goalkeeper	ofomo	N	C.	from 'ofo' (to catch with hands) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
god	vunamat	N	C.	from 'vunam' (parent) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
gold	voven	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'bowm' (/bowm/, 'gold')
good	uke	N	I.
good behaviour	uke	N	I.
good decision	vuatuki	N	I.	from 'vuati' (here: decision, verdict, sentence) + 'uke' (goodness) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
good person	vuhamo	N	C.	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	full definition: 'a person that spreads (metaphorically) spreads sunlight through good deeds, and/or is always in a bright mood in a way that is contagious'
good treatment	nuluhi	N	I.	from 'nuluho' (to treat someone well, like your own sibling) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	good brotherly/sisterly/'siblingly' treatment, looking after someone
good wishes	hauki	N	I.	from 'haa' (question, asking for something) + 'uke' (goodness) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
goodbye	joot	I		shortening of 'jootut', from 'joot hut', literally 'shall see each other again'	very informal, slang, sometimes with 'fa' (inclusive we) added at the end
goodbye	ohot ni uke	I		literally 'Life shall have goodness'	dated, but still used sometimes in very formal settings
goodbye	dekotut	I		from 'dekot hut' (Reciprocal of 'deko', here: to hear, in the subjunctive mood), literally 'shall hear each other again'	Casual, often shortened to 'dekotut', sometimes with 'fa' (inclusive we) added at the end, used only on the phone
goodbye	ohot nahi	I		shortening of 'Ohot na he ehi', meaning 'You shall have it', with 'it' referring to either previously stated or implied good wishes	Part of the humble register, therefore somewhat formal. The full expression 'Ohot na he ehi' would be more formal.
goodness	uke	N	I.
govern	vunamoeno	V	MAJ	from 'vunamoena' (chief, elder, governor) + 'o' (verb suffix)	e.g. a community, town or country (i.e. no private or economic institutions such as a company)
government	vunamoeni	N	I.	from 'vunamoena' (governor) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
governor	vunamoena	N	C.	from 'vunam' (parent) + 'oena' (soil, ground, land)
grab	umo	V	MAJ	root
grain	sik	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'sing' (grain)	mostly used for rice and corn, the more commonly used grains on Jute, other ones are called 'sikahai' ('grain of/from outside')
grain	sikahai	N	C.	from 'sik' (grain) + 'a hai' (from outside)	for less common/well known grains on Jute, i.e. everything that isn't rice or corn
grammar	vaaki a tahivi	N	I.	literally 'system of language'
granary	uisan	N	C.	from 'uisa' (harvest, produce) + 'n' (place suffix)
grandchild	nuinanuina	N	C.	from 'nuina a nuinade', literally 'child of child'
grandparent	vunavunam	N	C.	from 'vunam a vunam' (parent of parent)
grant	nuo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'nuo' (to give)
graph	hotiva	N	I.	from 'hoti' (sentence, usually written) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
grasp	fumefo	V	MAJ	from 'fumefa' (understanding) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to facts and topics or to situations and problems
grass	lua	N	C.	root
grate	seko	V	MAJ	from 'seku' (gravel, coarse sand) + 'o' (verb suffix)
grated food	seka	N	C.	from 'seko' (to shred, grate) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
grave	unsan	N	C.	from 'unsa' (person to be buried) + 'n' (place suffix)
gravedigger	unsanamo	N	C.	from 'unsan' (grave, sacrificial site) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
gravekeeper	vasomo a unsan	N	C.	literally 'maintainer of grave'
gravel	vuatafi	N	C.	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	general term
gravel	seku	N	C.	root	for fine gravel only
gravel	sekuta	N	C.	from 'seku' (coarse sand, fine gravel) + 'ta' (an augmentative suffix)	Coarse/medium gravel, not fine gravel.
graveyard	unsanat	N	C.	from 'unsan' (grave) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	can also be a place in water
gravity	lumemtoo	N	I.	from 'lumo' (here: force, power) + 'emtoo' (pull)
greatness	hukea	N	I.	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'uke' (good, goodness)
green	jehaadufi	N		from 'johi a haaduf' (color of vegetation) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Also used for greenish blues, turquoise, cyan etc. Light blue/green use 'white', very dark blue/green use 'black'.
greet	saimehao	V	MAJ	from 'saimehai' (greeting) + 'o' (verb suffix)
greeting	saimehai	N	I.	from 'saimo hao' (to wish) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), with the 'o' in 'saimo' becoming 'e' over time
grill	eeno	V	MAJ	root
grin	jaafuko ... ehe hosoma	V	MIN	literally 'smile like a banana'
grin like a cheshire cat	jaafuko ... ehe hosoma	V	MIN	literally 'smile like a banana'
grind	neo	V	MAJ	from 'neu' (very fine sand, silt) + 'o' (verb suffix)
ground	uuva	N	C.	extension of 'uuva' (bottom)	any kind of ground, the bottom of something
ground	oena	N	C.	root	The ground outside, that is, the soil you walk on in a forest, for example.
ground	oeno	V	MAJ	from 'oena' (soil, ground, earth)	When talking about the (static) foundation of something like a house or other building, rather than the cultural or similar foundation of something more abstract/immaterial, like a way of life.
group	kahana	N	C.	from 'kahanao' (bind) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	a group of people or animals
group	ite	N	I.	unknown, cognate with NGU 'ine' (class, type)	group of inanimate items
group bicycle	telafa	N	C.	from 'tel' (bicycle) + 'afa' (something done or owned collectively)	e.g. a beercycle
grove	dovan	N	C.	from 'dova' (tree) + 'n' (place suffix)	used for calmer and/or more 'tamed' small forests, not for the rainforests in jungles
grove	dovun	N	W.	from 'dovu' (wild tree) + 'n' (place suffix)	used for groves with wild, untouched or untamed trees
grow	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to growing e.g. a plant in a garden, or to something growing on its own
grow herbs	diso	V	MIN	from 'dise' (edible weed, herb) + 'o' (verb suffix)
grow stronger	haado lumoti	V	T	literally 'grow strength'
grow up	donosano	V	MIN	from 'dono' (to experience) + 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'o' (verb suffix)	When used with subjunctive/future adverbs
growl	vullo	V	MIN	imitative
growth	tovivi	N	I.	from 'tovivo' (stairs) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for amounts, numbers and other abstract things
growth	haadu	N	W.	from 'haado' (to grow) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	used for growth happening in the wilderness, especially rainforests, and for overgrowing of previously cultivated or bare places.
growth	haadi	N	I.	from 'haado' (grow) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
guard	netumo	N	C.	netu (border to wilderness) + mo (profession suffix)
guard	netumoo	V	MAJ	from 'netumo' (guard, sentry) + 'o' (verb suffix)
guardedness	havandi	N	I.	'havan' (wilderness, nature) + 'di' (feeling, acting as a suffix here)	A guardedness that can be full of anxiety and/or fear, as for example what you can feel in a jungle where everything might be trying to kill you
guardedness	havandifi	N	I.	from 'havandi' (guardedness, caution, anxiety) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	less anxious, 'calmer' guardedness
guess	nuheo saiho	V	MAJ	literally 'to try to think'
guide	tonaho	V	MAJ	from 'tonahi' (route) + 'o' (verb suffix)
guild	niokkin	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'ŋóɂikn' (/ŋóʔɪk̚n̥/, 'guild')
guineafowl	onikes	N	C.	root
gulf	uldat	N	W.	from 'ulda' (bay) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	referring to large bays
gun	senil	N	C.	from YTH sèŋŋil
gunboat	kiovasaat a senil	N	C.	literally 'large boat of gun'
gunpowder	senilvi	N	C.	from 'senil' (gun) + 'vi' (causative noun suffix)
gush	feuvo	V	MIN	root	referring to larger amounts, most commonly water, less often other liquids, even less often other things
gut feeling	sainudi	N	I.	sainu (subconscious) + di (feeling)
guts	oeka	N	C.	root
habit	hi	N	I.	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	For conscious, deliberate habits, not the ones that could be described with 'something that someone can't help but do'
habit	anti	N	I.	shortening of 'amtilo' (repeat, tend to)	All habits, including the undesirable and/or unconscious ones.
habitat	nanu	N	W.	nan[o] + u (wilderness suffix)
habitually	anti	ADV		shortening of 'amtilo' (repeat, tend to)
habitually do	asejo	V	MAJ	from 'aseji' (instance, case, process, act) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to habitually do something for the purpose of practicing
habitually do	amotilo	V	MAJ	from 'amo atile' (do again) + 'o' (verb suffix)
hair	loja	N	C.	root
half	valeke	N	I.	from 'va' (inseparable part) + 'leke' (two)
hallucination	ilhavani a saini	N	I.	literally 'mental illusion'
halo	vuhatofa	N	C.	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'toofa' (head)
halve	valeko	V	MAJ	from 'valeke' (half) + 'o' (verb suffix)
hamlet	fefon	N		from 'fefo' (to harvest) + 'n' (place)
hammer	kuumivo	N	C.	from 'kummo' (to pound, hammer) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
hammer	kummo	V	MAJ	root
hammock	mason	N	C.	from 'maso' (to lie, lay) + 'n' (place suffix)
hand	mana	N	C.	Under research, either a root or related to 'mat' (body)
hand over	nokeko	V	MAJ	from 'nuo hokedo uke' ('give for good')	in ceremonies etc.
handful	mane	N		from 'mana' (hand) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)	referring in particular to quantity, or used with uncountable nouns like 'substance'
handiwork	olumafi	N	C.	from 'oluma' (construction, structure) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
handle	femmo	N	C.	root of unknown origin	for door handles
handle	soivo	N	C.	from 'soo' (here: to hold an object) + 'ivo' (instrument suffix)
handle	mano	V	MAJ	from 'mana' (hand) + 'o' (verb suffix)
handlebar	soivo	N	C.	from 'soo' (here: to hold an object) + 'ivo' (instrument suffix)
handloom	delon	N	C.	from 'delo' (to weave) + 'n' (place suffix), as looms traditionally are communal and had a specific fixed location	e.g. a warp-weighted loom, or other simple looms
hang	okio ado	V	T	literally 'put at'	the preposition 'ado' is only used with nouns that have the common gender, for immaterial/abstract 'ido' is used, for the wilderness gender 'udo'
hang around	uhaso	V	MIN	semantic extension of 'uhaso' (lie around)
hang up	nuuheo sinivoti	V	T	literally 'give away phone'
happen	asijo	V	MIN	from 'asi' (event) + 'o' (verb suffix) (+ some sound changes leading 'i' to first become a long vowel and then 'ij')
happening	aseji	N	I.	from 'asijo' (to happen, take place) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
happily	aninde	ADV		from 'anindi' (happiness) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
happiness	anindi	N	I.	originally from 'hoko ni uketi' (life allows goodness), which then at first became 'hokoniki', then 'ooninki' and then finally 'anindi' (arguably under the influence of other words describing moods ending in -di)
happy person	vuhamo	N	C.	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	full definition: 'a person that spreads (metaphorically) spreads sunlight through good deeds, and/or is always in a bright mood in a way that is contagious'
harbour	saava a nonat	N	C.	literally 'water(s) of (the) city'	for ships
hard times	donatavani	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'tavani' (truth)
hardly	ilanti	ADV		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'anti' (here: usually, commonly)
hardly ever	ilanti	ADV		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'anti' (here: usually, commonly)
hardness	lumo	N	I.	root	referring to the stiffness of e.g. a material, not necessarily the difficulty of a task or similar
harm	doohu	N	I.	from 'dohuo' (to mistreat)
harm	doohuvo	V	MAJ	from 'doohu' (injustice, harm) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
harmlessness	vanal	N	I.	from 'van' (danger, fire, wildness) + 'al' (negating suffix)
harmoniousness	mohomi	N	I.	from 'mohomo' (here: harmony, peace) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	'harmony' in a more religious or holy sense
harmonise	mohomoo	V	MAJ	mohomo (harmony) + o (verb suffix)
harmony	tesohafe	N	I.	from 'tesoha' (sound, sounds) + 'fe' (archaic 'together', also a derivation suffix)	musical harmony
harmony	mohomo	N	I.	probably related to a 'mo' (to calm, pacify) and 'ho' (to keep), so possibly 'kept calming' in the sense of 'uninterrupted non-disturbance [of being/living]'
harmony	mohomo	N	I.	probably related to a 'mo' (to calm, pacify) and 'ho' (to keep), so possibly 'kept calming' in the sense of 'uninterrupted non-disturbance [of being/living]'
harrow	feivo	N	C.	from 'feo' (to rake, gather, pile) + 'ivo' instrumental suffix
harshness	kiova	N	I.	semantic extension of 'kiova' (a cut)
harvest	fefo	V	MAJ	root
harvest	fefa	N	C.	from 'fefo' (to harvest) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	of farms, fields, gardens
harvest	uisa	N	C.	from 'uiso' (to collect, gather, forage mushrooms) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	used mostly for gathered and foraged food, not limited to mushrooms but also including e.g. fruit, nuts etc., anything not farmed on fields or in gardens
harvester	fefomo	N	C.	from 'fefo' (to harvest) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	referring to a worker, not a vehicle
hat	tofajota	N	C.	from 'toofa' (head) + 'ejota' (here: cover)	rare variant: ejotofa
hate	vettido	V	MAJ	from 'vettidi' (feeling of hate) + 'o' (verb suffix)
hate	vettidi	N	I.	from 'vetta' (a hit, strike) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix) + 'di' (feeling)
hate	vetti	N	I.	from 'vetta' (a hit, strike) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	when used synonymously with 'violence' and/or when it is the motive/cause for violence
hate	vetto	V	MAJ	from 'vetti' ([violent] hate) + 'o' (verb suffix)	more used for hating that also manifests in some kind of violence
haunt	hojiiko	V	MIN	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'jiiko' (to creak)
haunt	vano	V	MAJ	van (danger) + o (verb suffix)	the direct object can be a place, animal or person
have	oho	V	MIN		Only used sometimes when the 'humble/respectful' register would be appropriate, not used in normal speech.
have a gut feeling	saino	V	MIN	from sain[u] (subconscious) + o (verb suffix)
have an anger problem	tententeno	V	MIN	onomatopoeic + 'o' (verb suffix)
have space	daho	V	IT	from 'dahe' (room, space) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used in intransitive sentences	'Daho ta an tan.' I have enough/a lot of room in my home
have to expect	teho	V	MAJ	from 'tei' (confrontation, facing)
hawking radiation	tisoi a hemovuhifi	N	I.	literally 'radiation of black hole'
haze	sevene	N	C.	root
hazelnut	miisuu	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'miícu' (/mǐ:t͡ʃu/, hazelnut), sometimes preceded by 'uala a' (nut of)	sometimes called 'uala a miisuu', 'nut of miícu', but is often omitted
he/she/it/etc	ehi	P	I.		Abstract 'it'
he/she/it/etc	la	P			he/she (not it)
he/she/it/etc	aha	P	C.		Common 'it'
he/she/it/etc	uvu	P		currently unknown	for animate beings other than humans or other sapient living beings, such as animals or plants
he/she/it/etc	ohu	P	W.		Wilderness 'it'
head	toofa	N	C.	root
heal	ukkovo	V	MAJ	from 'uke' (good, goodness, health) + 'vo' (causative suffix), with the gemination developing to more clearly differentiate it from 'ukeo' (to improve something already decent)	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
heal	nusaifo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo nisaif' (give energy) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to cure, give health
healer	nusaifomo	N	C.	from 'nusaifo' (here: to cure, to heal) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
health	nisaif	N	I.	extension from 'nisaif' (energy, life force)
health	uke	N	I.	semantic extension of 'uke' (goodness)	referring to good health
healthiness	nisaidi	N	I.	from 'nisaido' (feeling full of energy) + 'i' (abstract ending)
hear	deko	V	MAJ	root	rare variant: 'eko'
hearing	deki	N	I.	from 'deko' (to hear) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
heart	midu	N	C.	root
heart attack	ilami a midu	N	I.	literally 'defect of heart'
heat	vani	N	I.	from 'van' (fire) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
heat	vanio	V	MAJ	from 'vani' (heat) + 'o' (verb suffix)
heater	vailivani	N	C.	from 'vaili' (tool, machine derivation suffix) + 'vani' (heat, fire)	alternatively 'vanitunvaili', if it's necessary to be more precise, with 'tun' meaning 'room'.
heating	vanihi	N	I.	from 'vani[o]' (to heat, melt) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
heaven	saanuhi	N	I.	from saanu (sea) + h[uu] (air) + i (immaterial/abstract/unknown suffix)
heaviness	vuati	N	I.	from 'vuhata' (stone)
heed	dekiodo ude	V	MAJ	literally 'concede with'
heel	lumat	N	C.	from 'lut' (kick) + 'mat' (body part)
height	dovi	N	I.	from 'dova' (tree) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
heir	todentia	N	C.	from 'todentii' (next) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	sometimes 'todentiamo' to differentiate from the meaning 'next thing' or 'that which is next', which is formed the same way
hell	ilvunimon	N	I.	from 'ilvunimo' (devil) + 'n' (place suffix)	see notes for 'ilvunimo' (devil)
hello	nojanuke	I		shortening of 'no joo(hi) (a me) na (ma) uke' (seeing you is good)
hello	hajua	I		shortening of 'haado jute, haa' (literally 'does the jute grow?') meaning 'how are you?'	Sitti Jutean, slang
hello	noe	I		from no 'to be' + hen 'here'	less informal than 'vai' (hey), largely neutral between people of the same or similar age, but still markedly informal between people of very different age
hello	nonuko	I		from 'nono' (imperative of 'no', to be) + 'uke' (good) + 'o' (verb suffix), so a shortening of 'I/You/We am/are good'
help	udimo	V	MAJ	from 'ude' (with) + 'amo' (do)	The persons, beings or things being helped are the direct object, the activities or things that the help is supporting are usually the oblique object (unless a non-default trigger is used)
help	udimi	N	I.	from 'udimo' (to help, support) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
helper	udima	N	C.	from 'udimo' (to help) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Slang
helper	udimimo	N	C.	from 'udimi' (help, support) + 'mo' (agent/'profession' suffix)
helpfulness	sehuki	N	I.	semantic extension of 'sehuki' (care)
hence	ivusaie	C		ivusai + e (letter common at the end of prepositions used to prevent homophony)
herb	dise	N	C.	root	edible weeds or herbs only
herb garden	dison	N	C.	from 'diso' (to forage for or grow edible herbs or weeds) + 'n' (place suffix)	any place where edible herbs or weeds are found or grown
herbal tea	saavadise	N	C.	from 'saava' (water) + 'dise' (herb)
herbalist	disemo	N	C.	from 'dise' (herb, weed) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
herbalist store	disemo	N	C.	from 'disemo' (herbalist, traditional medicine practitioner) + 'n' (place suffix)
herbivore	hemaadova	N	C.	from 'hemo' (eater) + 'haadova' (plant)
herd	jufu	N	W.	from 'jufi' (family) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	for wild animals only
here	lihen	ADV		from 'li' (to, towards) + 'hen' (here)	towards here, hither
here	heni	N	I.	from 'hen' (here) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
here	hen	ADV		he (now) + n (place-suffix)
here and now	henuhe	ADV		hen + uh + he (here + and + now)
hero	ukainimo	N	C.	from 'ukaini' (honor) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
hesitate	sahaamo	V	MAJ	from 'saihasao' (to question) + 'amo' (do)	Meaning when used in intransitive sentences.
hexagon	ovi a kiif-iki	N	I.	literally 'tips of six'
hey	dekki	I		from 'gekki' (origin unknown)	Sitti Jutean
hey	dek	I		from 'dekki' (hey, hello)	Very casual, used in messaging or by young people.
hey	vai	I		Unknown	Casual
hi	meme	I		from a shortening of 'memomemo', the imperative of 'memo' (here: say)	Casual
hidden agenda	miki	N	I.	from 'miko' (to dig) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
hidden art	vamejoti	N	I.	from 'vami' (craft) + 'ejoti' (secret)
hide	jotavo	V	MAJ	from 'ejota' (shadow etc.) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	some dialects would pronounce it 'jottavo'
hideout	ejota	N	C.	extension of 'ejota' (shadow)
high priest	vamejotimo	N	C.	from 'vamejoti' magic + 'mo' profession suffix
high-rise	dovi a mihonohi	N	C.	literally 'tower of resting'	a tall building with many apartments in it, not an office block or a smaller apartment building
highness	hisetu	N	I.	from 'hisetu' (mountain)	referring to height, not nobility
hike	havansoti	N	I.	from 'havan' (wilderness) + 'soti' (walk, stroll)
hill	setu	N	C.	original root from the proto-language
himself/herself/itself	lala	P		reduplication of 'la' (third person singular pronoun)	third person singular emphatic pronoun
hint	vunoji	N	I.	from 'vunojo' (to show) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
hip	unda	N	C.	root	referring to the body part
hipster	sainaimo	N	C.	from 'sainahai' (here: eccentricity) + 'mo' (suffix for words denoting persons with a particular characteristic)
hiss	fiifo	V	MIN	imitative
history	tahif	N	I.	tahi (story) + f (multitude suffix)
hit	vetta	N	I.	from 'vetto' (to hit)
hit	seo	V	MAJ	root of unknown origin	a target in sports or similar
hit	hevo	V	MAJ	root
hit	sei	N	I.	from 'seo' (to hit or strike a target in sports or similar activities, to land) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
hit	vetto	V	MAJ	root
hither	lihen	ADV		from 'li' (to, towards) + 'hen' (here)
hobbit	saumifi	N	C.	from 'sauma' (human) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix) (though the reason for the change from 'a' into 'i' is unclear)
hoe	oenavivo	N	C.	from 'oenava' (some soil) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	referring to the farming tool that is used to create rows in a field
hold	asijo	V	MIN	from 'asi' (event) + 'o' (verb suffix) (+ some sound changes leading 'i' to first become a long vowel and then 'ij')	to hold an event, especially an event that isn't recurring or regularly happen at e.g. the same time of the year. Subject can also include people that are not actually involved in the organization of it, but part of the group or community that is holding the event. See 'asijovo' for verb referring to the actual work of setting it up and running it.
hold	soo	V	MAJ	root	to hold an object
hold	ho	V	MAJ	root	referring to holding a celebration, rite, etc., that is, to practices and events that are regular and recurring
hold back	soheno	V	MAJ	from 'soo' (to hold) + 'hen' (here) + 'o' (verb suffix)
hold on to	homano	V	MAJ	from 'ho mano' (to keep + to touch)
hold someone accountable	amivoo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'amivoo' (to control)
hole	tuloho	V	MAJ	from 'tuloha' (hole) + 'o' (verb suffix)		'Tuloho fofesaava taniti.' Rain created holes in [the roof of] my home. add_hole rain 1S.home-IDR
hole	tukivu a haad	N	W.	from 'tukivo' (bowl used to serve food) + 'u' (wilderness suffix) + 'a haad' (of bigness)	naturally formed hole or hollow depression in the ground, wood or rock that is of a larger size
hole	tuloha	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'turoha' (to dig a hole)
hole	fusu	N	W.	from 'fus' (pit) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	large hole in the ground in the wilderness
holiday	vuhatasi	N	I.	from 'vuhat' (holiday) + 'asi' (event)	a holiday commemorating a specific event
holiday	vuhat	N	I.	from 'vuha' (sun, day) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
holiness	mohomi	N	I.	from 'mohomo' (here: harmony, peace) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
hollowness	tulu	N	I.	root
home	tane	ADV		from 'tan' (my home) and its variations (such as 'nan', 'lan' or 'fanne') + 'e' (common adverb suffix)	for dynamic verbs, e.g. 'to go home'. Word changes depending on whose home is being talked about, with the first syllable 'ta' ('I') being replaced by the appropriate pronoun, e.g. to 'nane' (your [sg.]home), 'lane' (their [sg.] home] or 'fane' (our [incl.] home)
home	atan	ADV		from 'an' (common 'in') + 'tan' (my home) and its variations (such as 'nan', 'lan' or 'fanne')	for static verbs, e.g. 'to be home'. Word changes depending on whose home is being talked about, with the first syllable 'ta' ('I') being replaced by the appropriate pronoun, e.g. to 'nane' (your [sg.]home), 'lane' (their [sg.] home] or 'fane' (our [incl.] home)
home	tan	N		from a personal pronoun (e.g. first person singular, 'ta') + 'n' (place suffix)	Word changes depending on whose home is being talked about, with the 'ta' ('I') personal pronoun being changed to the appropriate one. The variations are: Singular: 'tan' (my home), 'nan' (your home), 'lan' (their home), 'uvun' (animal's/plant's home) Plural: 'fanalne' ('our home', excluding a single person) 'fanafalne' ('our home', excluding several persons) 'fafalne' ('our home' excluding a group) 'nafen' ('your home'), 'lafen' ('their home') Collective: 'fan', or 'fana' ('home of us all'), 'fanne' ('your all's home') 'falne' ('home of them all') 'uvufen' (rare, 'home of all a plant/animal or the plants/animals')
home	jute	N	C.	After the jute plant, which is also 'jute' (/jute/) It being from 'ju te' (this onwards, meaning 'this from now onwards' [shall be our home]) is a "folk etymology" or a century-old linguistic myth.	Not a private home, noun referring to the home of the entire population.
homeland	vunaman	N	C.	vunam (parent) + an (place suffix)
honesty	meoduki	N	I.	from 'memo ude uke + i/ukaini' (say with goodness/honor)
honour	ukaini	N	I.	uke (the good, goodness) + saini (mind)
honour	ukaino	V	MAJ	from 'ukaini' (honor) + 'o' (verb suffix)
hoodie	muuvit	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'muubiwd' (/mu:bɪwd/, 'parka')
hope	huvo	V	MIN	most likely a root	Requires 'a' (of, about) or 'nuhe' (for) + oblique object, unless the object is 'ji' in the phrase 'huvo ta ji', meaning 'I'm hoping for this (=the following)'
hope	huvi	N	I.	from 'huvo' (to hope)
hopefully	huve	ADV		from 'huvo' (to hope) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix)
hopelessly	huvel	ADV		from 'huve' (hopefully) + 'l' (negation suffix)
hopelessness	huveli	N	I.	from 'huvel' (hopeless) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
horizontal direction	ildesi ehe okionede	N	I.	literally 'straightness like table'
horizontally	ildesi okione	ADV		literally 'straightness in a table-like manner'
horizontalness	ildesi ehe okionede	N	I.	literally 'straightness like table'
hormone	va a eehi	N	C.	literally 'substance of function'	'a mat' (of body) can be added to specify it as being bodily hormones and not another kind of functional substance
horn	haja	N	W.	root, cognate with NGU 'haiā' (animal horn)
horse	mike	N	C.	from Akuveth 'mika' (horse), originally from Errekele 'mmika' (horse)
horticulture	haadi a netuadovan	N	I.	literally 'agriculture of garden'	specifically referring to small-scale agriculture in a normal garden can also be 'haadi an netuadovanede' (agriculture in a garden)
hospital	mudason	N	C.	from 'mudaso' (save, take care [of], pay attention) + 'n' (place suffix)
hostility	vetti	N	I.	from 'vetta' (a hit, strike) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	when used synonymously with 'violence' and/or when it is the motive/cause for violence
hotel	dahon	N	C.	from 'daho' (here: to accommodate, make space for) + 'n' (place suffix)
hour	vuhava	N	I.	from 'vuha' (day, sun) + 'va' (part, material)
house	noni	N	I.	from 'non' (settlement) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	Jutean families traditionally tended to live a lot in the same place and didn't move around much.
house	mihonon	N	C.	from 'mihono' (to rest) + 'n' (place suffix)
household	jufin	N	C.	from 'jufi' (family) + 'n' (place suffix)
housewall	mihoneta	N	C.	from 'mihonon' (house) + 'netu' (border), with the 'no' disappearing over time.
hover	honovo	V	MIN	from 'ho' (keep) + 'no' (be) + 'ove' (on top of) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes the preposition 'ove' (on top of, over, above)
hovercraft	kiovasaa a honovohi	N	C.	literally 'ship of hovering'
how	haatoni	P		from 'haa' (question particle) + 'toni' (way)
how are you?	hajua	I		shortening of 'haado jute, haa' (literally 'does the jute grow?') meaning 'how are you?'	Sitti Jutean, slang
however	mojuhu	C		from 'moji' (but) + 'uhu' (anyway, still)
howl	suhuuvo	V	MIN	root
hug	uvado	V	MAJ	from 'uvada' (hug) + 'o' (verb suffix)
hug	uvada	N	C.	unknown, possible root
hug liking	uvadi	N	I.	from 'uvado' (to hug) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
hug need	teuvadi	N	I.	from 'teo uvada' (to need hug) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix) Case ending '-ti' was dropped when forming the compound
hum	asuuo	V	MIN	from the onomatopoeia 'asuu' referring to the sound bees make + 'o' the verb suffix	often pronounced [azu:]
human	sauma	N	C.	sa[ini] (mind) + u (and) + ma[t] (body)
human right	hokonoeni	N	I.	from 'hokoni' (right) + 'oeni' (foundation, basis)	broader term referring to any kind of basic right
human right	hokoni a sauma	N	I.	literally 'right of human'
humidity	unosifi	N	I.	from 'unosi' (wetness) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
humility	ukainijat	N	I.	from 'ukaini' (honor) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) The 'j' crept in there due to some nebulous sound changes.
humour	melli	N	I.	from 'mello' (here: jocularity, gaiety, funny thing) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
humus	oenava	N	C.	from 'oena' (soil, earth, ground, land) + 'va' (material, inseparable part)
hunger	muvee	N	C.	root
hunt	toovao	V	MAJ	currently researching
hunt	toovai	N	I.	from 'toovao' (to hunt) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
hunt down	ufeno	V	MAJ	from 'ufenav' (wilderness-gender around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
hunter	toovaimo	N	C.	from 'toovai' (a hunt) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
hurricane	fivou	N	W.	from 'fivoo' (to storm) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
hurry up	vuo	V	MIN	from 'vuu' (quickness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	To mean 'hurry up with something' the verb describing the process needs to follow 'vuo' directly instead of appearing in a preposition + gerund construction as an oblique object. E.g.: 'Eeo vuo haado na faliti he' (Now you are able to hurry up growing rice)
hurt	vetto	V	MAJ	root
hurtle	tuuvo vue	V	MAJ	literally 'descend quickly'	used if the action is intentional
hurtle	tuuvo ilike	V	MAJ	literally 'descend inorderlily'	used if the action is intentional
hurtle	tuuvo ilamive	V	MAJ	literally 'descend uncontrolled'	used if the action is unintentional or happening uncontrolled
husk	fudu	N	W.	from 'fudo' (to cover tightly, envelop) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	the hard outer shell of some fruits such as coconuts
hydrodynamics	tonesani a saa	N	I.	literally 'science of wave'
hydrogen	vikide	N	I.	from Achiyitqan 'bikíde' (/ˌbiˈkí.de/, hydrogen)
hydrology	tonesani a saava	N	I.	literally 'science of water'
hyperspace	deevuhifin	N	I.	from 'dee' (here: beyond, past) + 'vuhifin' (universe)	not referring to the mathematical concept, only to the one described in science-fiction
hypnosis	noituvali	N	I.	from 'noito' to lead + 'uuvali' deep
hypnotise	noito ... uuvale	V	MAJ	literally 'lead deeply'	Ellipsis gets replaced by the subject and, where applicable, the object
hypnotist	noituvalimo	N	C.	from 'noituvali' hypnosis + 'mo' profession suffix
hypothesis	haadoki	N	I.	from 'haadoko' (to speculate, contemplate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
hypothesise	haadoko	V	MAJ	from 'haado' (to build) + 'ki' (belief) + 'o' (verb suffix)
i	ta	P
i	da	P		from 'ta' (standard 'I')	Casual, Sitti Jutean
i don't know	e	I		unknown	often accompanied by a shrug
ice	haadalfani	N	W.	from 'saava a haadat a ilvufani' (water of biggest coldness)
ice age	sililal	N	I.	loan from Kavrinian 'sïligal' (/sɪliɣɑl/, ice age)
idea	satoni	N	I.	from 'sai a toni' (thought of a way/method)
ideal	juti	N	I.	from 'jute' (home of a people) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), so literally 'the immaterial home of a people/a nation'	a national ideal to aspire to, either a particular set of ethics, a way of living or some standard to be reached
ideally	jutihe	ADV		from 'juti' (ideal) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
identifier	nojivi	N	I.	from 'noji' (direction, directing towards) + 'vi' (here: thing)	not physical labels, but identifying terms
identify	asosino	V	MAJ	from 'aso' (here: realize, notice, become aware) + 'sina' (name) + 'o' (verb suffix)
ideology	kiat	N	I.	from 'ki' (order, rank, place) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	especially for ideologies that can encompass many or almost all parts of life, rather than only a specific part
ideology	ki	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ki' (order, rank, place)	especially for these that are more specific to a topic or similar, and are less of a 'way of life'
idiot	ilajohimo	I		from 'ilajeohi' (ignorance, stupidity) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix), 'e' ceased to be pronounced in quick speech, which was eventually represented in the orthography, too.
idiot	ilajohimo	N	C.	from 'ilajeohi' (ignorance, stupidity) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix), 'e' ceased to be pronounced in quick speech, which was eventually represented in the orthography, too.
idol	ukainimo	N	C.	from 'ukaini' (honor) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
if	sahane	C		from 'sahono' (assume) + 'e' (a conjunction suffix)
ignorance	ilnesani	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'nesani' (knowledge)	Specifically, not knowing something, not being ignorant in general.
ignorance	ilajeohi	N	I.	From 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hajeohi' (intelligence)	General ignorance, especially for those who think they know a lot, but are sorely mistaken, or for those who think that 'knowing things' is not as useful as a fist. The 'annoying' kind of ignorance, often defying attempts at correction/education.
ignore	deo	V	MAJ	from 'dee' (past, beyond, during)
illegally	ilhoke	ADV		from 'ilhoko' (to ban, outlaw) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
illness	tuved	N	I.	extension 'tuved' (evil), since a illness that doesn't seem to have physical symptoms and yet causes suffering (of different levels) was seen as an unknown 'evil' having entered the body	illness with no obvious physical symptoms
illness	ilikimat	N	I.	from 'iliki' (confusion, disturbance, strangeness) + 'mat' (body)
illuminate	voono	V	MAJ	from 'vuhi' (light) + 'oone' (moon) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Not used for the sun, but for the moon and other astral bodies as well as other smaller light sources (like a torch or flashlight) that don't create light so bright it makes the night as bright as day.
illusion	ilhavani	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'havani' (naturalness, realness, reality)
illustrate	vunojo	V	MAJ	from 'vuno' (make) + 'joo' (see)
illustration	nioona	N	C.	from 'niooni' (dream) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
image	nioona	N	C.	from 'niooni' (dream) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
image	johif	N	I.	from 'johi' (color) + 'f' (collective suffix)	for bright, colorful images, or when color is an important part of an image in some other way
imagination	saihodi	N	I.	from 'saihodo' (to imagine) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
imagine	saihodo	V	IR	from saiho (think) + do (feel)	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'be imagined', 'be imagined to be' 'be imagined to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Context, semantics and syntax determine which one gets used. Only one argument, no adverbs: 'Saihodo evohi.' - (A result is imagined.) 'Saihodo tukohi.' - (Dancing is imagined [to take place].) 'Saihodo datu.' - (A beast is imagined to exist [somewhere].) Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is reported or that which reported it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Saihodo datu hen.' (A beast is imagined [to exist] here. / Some here imagine a beast [to exist]) 'Saihodo datu a heni.' (A beast is imagined [by some] to be here.) 'Saihodo datu a van jumun' (A dangerous beast is imagined to exist there. / There some imagine a dangerous beast [to exist somewhere].) Example of a sentence with a gerund: 'Saihodo datu tine tukohi' - (A beast is imagined to be dancing) 'Saihodo tukohi a datude' - (Dancing of a beast is imagined to take place)
imagined thing	saihodi	N	I.	from 'saihodo' (to imagine) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
imitate	vavo	V	MAJ	from 'vava' (the same) + 'o' (verb suffix)
immediate family	jufita	N	C.	from 'jufi' (family) + 'ta' ('I', can be replaced by any other personal pronoun, here acting as no longer productive derivation suffixes)	'jufita' literally means 'my (immediate) family'. The 'ta' personal pronoun is acting as a suffix denoting relationship here and can be replaced by any other personal pronoun: 'jufina' (your [singular] (immediate) family), 'jufifa' (our (all) immediate family/families) etc.
immediate future tense	vue	ADV		semantic extension of 'vue' (quickly, immediately)
immediately	vue	ADV		from 'vuu' (quickness) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction ending)
impale	tiko	V	MAJ	from 'tik' (stick, branch) + 'o' (verb suffix)
impale	tikaveto	V	MAJ	from 'tikavet' (spear) + 'o' (verb suffix)	with a spear or arrow
imperfect marker	ilomohe	ADV		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'lomohe' (already, perfective aspect marker)	aspect particle
imperialism	sahai a hedoheohi	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of stealing/conquering'
implication	miki	N	I.	from 'miko' (to dig) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	something that was intentionally not said outright or specified, but is deduced
implode	fuedohe	V	MIN	reflexive of 'fuedo' (here: to collapse)
imply	mikio	V	MAJ	from 'miki' (here: implication) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to not say something outright or fail to specify something with the intention of hiding it
imply	hedotano	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'tane' (inside) + 'o' (verb suffix)	neutral connotation, unlike 'mikio'
import	vattitane	N	I.	from 'vatti' (carrying) + 'tane' (inside, into)
import	vattitano	V	MAJ	from 'vattitane' (import) + 'o' (verb suffix)
importance	hiit	N	I.	root, or related to 'haad', with 'a' becoming 'i' and 'd' 't'?
impregnate	nuino	V	MAJ	nuina (child) + o (verb suffix)
impression	huji	N	I.	from 'hujoo' (to watch, observe) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
imprison	daho	V	T		only used in transitive sentences
imprison	netuno	V	MAJ	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'o' (verb suffix)
improve	ukeo	V	MAJ	from 'ukea' (betterness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to improving something that was good or at least in an acceptable state to begin with
improve	ukkovo	V	MAJ	from 'uke' (good, goodness, health) + 'vo' (causative suffix), with the gemination developing to more clearly differentiate it from 'ukeo' (to improve something already decent)	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
in	an	ADP	C.
in	in	ADP	I.	i (abstract/immaterial affix) + an (in, standard location)
in	un	ADP	W.	from 'u' (wilderness prefix) + 'an' (common 'in' location adposition)	for 'wild' location such as a jungle, an ocean or anything else with the 'wilderness' gender
in a curly manner	desife	ADV		from 'desifi' (curl) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
in an orderly fashion	kie	ADV		from 'ki' (here: order) + 'e' (here: adverb suffix)
in fact	se	ADV		shortening of 'seo' (to hit the target, to land on a spot)
in front of	ajofane	ADP		from 'ado joafa' (at face) + 'n' (place suffix) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction ending)
in general	efife	ADV		from 'efi' (abstract 'all') + 'fe' (archaic 'together')
in many places	kenone	ADV		from 'ke' (so, very) + 'non' (place) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
in my opinion	ninve	ADV		from 'ninva' (point of view, side, view) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
in order to	li	ADP			To indicate a purpose, follow with a gerund (verb + -hi)
in place of	ininve	ADP		from 'in ninva a' (in place of)
in that case	inaseje	ADV		from 'in asejide' (in the case)
in the future	in doonati	ADV			no declination, since it's a fixed phrase, alternatively, 'ido' instead of 'in' can be used, but is rare.
in the future	dona	ADV		from 'dooni' (time), exact etymology unclear, found here: https://redd.it/3oqtw9	Archaic
in vain	hokedo ilvo	PHR		from 'hokedo' ([in exchange] for) + 'ilvo' (no use)
inability	ileehi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite derivation prefix) + 'eehi' (ability, capability)
incantation	lumo a tesoama	N	I.	literally 'power of voice'
incident	asi	N	I.	from 'aso' (look at) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), literally '[something one is] looking at'
include	hedotano	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'tane' (inside) + 'o' (verb suffix)	include e.g. an item, a plant or an animal, or invite in a person
including	ude hedotanohi a	ADP		literally 'with the including of'
incompatibility	etohei	N	I.	from the reflexive of 'eto' (meet opposition, resistance), 'etohe' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
incorrectly	iltavane	ADV		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tavane' (truthfully, really)
incorrectness	iltavani	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tavani' (truth)
increase	tovo	V	MAJ	from 'tove' (up) + 'o' (verb suffix)
increase	tovivi	N	I.	from 'tovivo' (stairs) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	mostly for amounts, numbers and other abstract things
increase	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
increase rapidly	oeedovo	V	MIN	from 'oeedovu' (jungle) + 'o' (verb suffix)
increasingly	tove	ADV		from 'to' (to go) + ova (top) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
independent from	foije	ADP		extension of 'foije' (independently, regardless)
independently	foije	ADV		from 'foi' (openness, physical freedom) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix)
individual	tonija	N	I.	from 'tonije' (kind of) + 'a' (common noun suffix), but as the word became more of a general term, the noun class later shifted to the immaterial/abstract one.
indoctrinate	hotilvuho	V	MAJ	from 'hotio' (to carve in, write) + 'ilvuhi' (darkness)
indulge	vikinivato	V	MAJ	from 'vikinivat' (indulgence, something that makes you succumb to vices) + 'o' (verb suffix)
indulgence	vikinivat	N	I.	from 'vikiniv' (something great or well-liked) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
industrialisation	loomivi	N	I.	from 'loomivo' (to industrialize) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
industrialise	loomivo	V	MAJ	from 'loomi' (industry) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
industriousness	ami	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ami' (work, job, duty)
industry	leemi	N	C.	from a loaning of Kavrinian 'goo' (/ɣɤ:/, industry) + 'ami' (work)	referring only to modern, mechanized industry
infant	nuinafi	N	C.	from 'nuina' (child) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
infect	ijoto	V	IT	semantic extension of 'ijoto' (here: be thrown, be made jump)	Only in intransitive sentences, only with inanimate subjects. Sense is strictly active, i.e. is translated as 'to infect' or as 'is infective/contagious', never as 'to be infected' (see 'ijotado').
infect	ijotado	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (throw) + 'ado' (common 'at')	used when the target is sapient and/or animate, with the illness or that with which the target is infected with a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
infect	ijotido	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (to throw) + 'ido' (immaterial/abstract 'at')	used when the target (a thing or a place) of the infection (which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract. E.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time, as well anything unknown (including material things), such as an unknown place, with the illness or that with which the target is infected with a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
infection	ijoti	N	I.		Can be used e.g. with the verb 'nuo' (to give), 'evoto' (to receive) and 'ofo' (to catch, here involuntarily)	nuo ijoti (a ...) = an infection is/was given (=something or someone caused an infection), an infection takes/took place, a transmission (of ...) takes/took place nuo ijotiti (a ...) = to give an infection, to infect, to transmit (e.g. an illness) evoto ijoti = an infection is/was received (=someone is/was infected), a transmission is/was received evoto ijotiti = to receive an transmission/infection, become infected ofo ijoti = an infection/transmission is/was caught ofo ijotiti = to catch an infection/transmission (unintentionally/unknowingly)
infer	sahono	V	IR	from 'saiho' (think) + 'no' (be)	This meaning is ergative. Intransitive meanings: 'to be inferred', 'to be inferred to be', 'to be inferred to be doing' (with a gerund as a subject, or an added 'tine' (into) + a gerund). Context, semantics and syntax determine which one gets used. With only one argument context or semantics disambiguate: 'Sahono evotiki' - (The solution is inferred) 'Sahono datu' - (A beast is inferred to exist) Adverbs can be used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to either that which is assumed or that which assumed it. An adjectival noun can be used to clarify something as referring to the former: 'Sahono datu hen' - (A beast is inferred to exist (by some people, somewhere) here / Here, a beast is inferred to exist [somewhere]) 'Sahono datu a heni' - (A beast is inferred to exist (by some people, somewhere) in this location) Example of a sentence with a gerund: 'Sahono datu tine tukohi' - (A beast is inferred to be dancing) 'Sahono tukohi a datude' - (Dancing of a beast is inferred to take place)
infer	ilejoto	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ejota' (to cover, disguise, protect, cast a shadow)
infiniteness	kedonifi	N	I.	from 'kedoonif' (forever) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Only used when talking about time.
influence	sehukovo	V	MAJ	from 'sehuko' (here: to lean over, care) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
influence	sehukovi	N	I.	from 'sehukovo' (to influence) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
inform	dekivo	V	MAJ	from 'dekiva' (information) + 'o' (verb suffix)
information	dekiva	N	I.	from 'deki' (hear: message) + 'va' (here: inseparable part derivation suffix)
ingredient	hemeva	N	C.	heme (food) + va (material suffix)
inhale	temosao	V	MAJ	from 'tem' (towards oneself) + 'nosao' (breathe)
inheritance	honohi	N	I.	gerund of 'hono' (to wait, stay, remain)
inhumation	unsi ude matede	N	I.	literally 'burial with body'	burials featuring the entire, uncremated body being buried in the ground
initiation	novi	N	I.	from 'novo' (to cause, begin, start, initiate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
initiation rite	vamejoti	N	I.	from 'vami' (craft) + 'ejoti' (secret)
inject	tuloho	V	MAJ	from 'tuloha' (hole) + 'o' (verb suffix)
injure	vettefo	V	MAJ	from 'vettefa' (injury) + 'o' (verb suffix)
injury	vettefa	N	C.	from 'vetto' to hit, hurt + 'efa' resultative noun derivation suffix
injustice	doohu	N	I.	from 'dohuo' (to mistreat)
ink	najasee	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'nayáɥ' /najáʃ/ (ink)
inn	udimon	N	C.	from 'udimo' (to help, support) + 'n' (place suffix)
insect	felta	N	C.	from 'felto' (to crawl) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
inside	nuhu	ADP	W.	from 'un uhu' (in it, 'wilderness' gender)	Used with static verbs, and not for buildings
inside	naha	ADP	C.	from 'an aha' (in it, common gender)	Used with static verbs and not when talking about buildings.
inside	nadefa	ADV		from 'an hadeefa' (in building) (Case ending -de had already been dropped)	Use when talking about buildings
inside	tune	ADP	W.	unknown, possibly relate to 'to' (to go) or 'ana' (place)	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tune). For wilderness-related things or places.
inside	tane	ADP	C.	unknown, possibly relate to 'to' (to go) or 'ana' (place)	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tane) For places/things that aren't buildings, are known, exist physically and aren't related to the wilderness.
inside	nadefa	ADP		from 'an hadeefa' (in building) (Case ending -de had already been dropped)	Use with stative verbs, for example 'to stay inside' (hono ... nadefa) For buildings.
inside	tune	ADV	W.	unknown, possibly relate to 'to' (to go) or 'ana' (place)	for wilderness-related things or places
inside	nihe	ADP	I.	from 'in ehi' (in it, immaterial/abstract gender)	Used with static verbs.
inside	nadefi	N	I.	from 'nadefa' (inside a building) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	For buildings.
inside	tine	ADP	I.	unknown, possibly relate to 'to' (to go) or 'ana' (place)	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tine). For unknown places/things that aren't related to the wilderness and/or are abstract/immaterial
insomnia	mihinidoldi	N	I.	from 'mihinido' (to sleep) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'di' (feeling)
inspect	asato	V	MAJ	from 'aso' (to look at, notice) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
inspiration	olumiva	N	I.	from 'olumi' (art) + 'va' (material suffix)
inspiring nature sound	tesahuvu	N	W.	from 'tesaaka' (music) + 'huvi' (hope) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	Full definition: 'the sound of a fresh breeze, the wild sea or birds that once again show you how beautiful life is and make you regain hope in a better future'
install	olumo	V	MAJ	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'lumo' (force, power)	not for computer programs or electronic devices, only for things like a political system, social order, or any other kind of system or institution in that system (like a government)
instance	aseji	N	I.	from 'asijo' (to happen, take place) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
instance	doonava	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'va' (inseparable part)	This time: ‘idoonava ji’ (from ‘ido doonava (a) ji’) Two times: ‘ido doonavade a leke’ Next time: ‘in doonava a todehentohi/ doonava todentije’ 'dooniva' and 'todentohije' are rare spelling variants.
instead	ininve	ADV		from 'in ninva a' (in place of)
instead of	ininve	ADP		from 'in ninva a' (in place of)
instinct	sainu	N	W.	from sai (thought) + n (place suffix) + u (wilderness suffix)
instinct	haju	N	W.	from 'hajee' (wit, intellect) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
institute	olumo	V	MAJ	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'lumo' (force, power)	for more general things, like a political system, social order, or any other kind of system or institution in that system (like a government)
institute	fuumon	N	C.	from 'fuumo' (to meet, get to know, learn about, study, read) + 'n' (place suffix)
institution	mihonafiit	N	I.	from 'mihonafi' (organization, assembly, league) + 'it' (qualitative augmentative suffix)	institution in the sense of 'renowned, long established organization'
instruct	dekivo	V	MAJ	from 'dekiva' (information) + 'o' (verb suffix)
instruction	donosanohi	N	I.	gerund of 'donosano' (to teach, train)
instruction manual	hotif a donosanohi	N	C.	literally 'book/letter of teaching'
instructions	najaseli	N	I.	from 'najasela' (a print, printed page, magazine or leaflet) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	on a computer screen or similar
instructor	donosanimo	N	C.	from 'donosani' (experience) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	referring to instructors giving practical knowledge, for a particular non-scholarly profession (craftmanship, other manual labor, guarding), for life, a journey or anything like that
insult	tahivani	N	I.	from 'tahivano' (to insult) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
insult	tahivano	V	MAJ	from 'tahio' (here: speak confidently) + 'van' (here: fire) + 'o' (verb suffix)
insurance	nutahuki	N	I.	from 'nutahuko' (to promise, insure) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
insure	nutahuko	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'nutahuko' (to promise), referring to the promise of compensation in case of loss or damage
integrate	jutio	V	MAJ	from 'juti' (culture) + 'o' (verb suffix)
integration	jutiohi	N	I.	from 'jutio' (to integrate, become native) + 'hi' (gerundive suffix)
intellect	hajee	N	I.	root of unknown origin, cognate with NGU 'hayē' (brain)
intelligence	hajeohi	N	I.	Gerund form of 'hajeo' (to be smart, intelligent)
interest	kimko	N	I.	loan from Achiyitqan 'qimqo' (/qɨmqo/, 'interest')	monetary interest
interest	saimoho	V	T	from 'saimohaa' (enthusiasm, interest) + 'o' (verb suffix)
interest	saimohaa	N	I.	from 'saimo haad' (want much)
interfere	kesehohe	V	MAJ	literally 'to mix oneself in'
interior	nadefi	N	I.	from 'nadefa' (inside a building) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
interior	hea	N	I.	semantic extension of 'hea' (outwards)	referring to the interior (or backcountry) of a land or larger place
international union	mihonafi	N	I.	from 'mihonafa' (community hall) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
internationalism	ki a mihonafi	N	I.	literally 'ideology of the abstract community hall', the abstract community hall being metaphor for representatives of countries meeting up to discuss e.g. exchange and cooperation in the assemblies of international organizations or meetings for multilateral discussions
internet	tovahuuvan	N	I.	from 'tovahuuva' ('bird message', a message or parcel brought by carrier pigeons or similar birds) + 'n' (place suffix)
interpret	masijo	V	MAJ	from 'maso' (lie, lay, lay down) + 'ji' (abstract/immaterial proximal demonstrative) + 'o' (verb suffix)	explain or attempt to explain the meaning of e.g. stories, dreams etc.
interpretation	masiji	N	I.	from 'masijo' (to explain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
interpreter	nuudekomo	N	C.	from 'nuudeko' (to message, express, communicate) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	for languages
interrupt	ilvutio	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuti' (stop, interruption) + 'o' (verb suffix)
intimidation	haada	N	I.	semantic extension of 'haada' (biggerness)	used in some contexts when talking about a person or creature, sometimes also other things deemed intimidating due to their sheer size, such as a mountain.	'No nofa a ja a haada.’ That dog is intimidating. (Be dog of this.C of intimidation')
into	tane	ADP	C.	unknown, possibly relate to 'to' (to go) or 'ana' (place)	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tane). For places/things that aren't buildings, are known, exist physically and aren't related to the wilderness.
into	tine	ADP	I.	unknown, possibly relate to 'to' (to go) or 'ana' (place)	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go into' (to ... tine). For unknown places/things that aren't related to the wilderness and/or are abstract/immaterial
into	tune	ADP	W.	unknown, possibly relate to 'to' (to go) or 'ana' (place)	Used with dynamic, not stative verbs, for example 'go inside' (to ... tune). For wilderness-related things or places.
intoxicant	masivofi	N	C.	from 'masivo' (to poison, a poison) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	also includes e.g. an alcoholic beverage
intoxicate	masivofo	V	MAJ	from 'masivofi' (intoxicant) + 'o' (verb suffix)
intuition	haju	N	W.	from 'hajee' (wit, intellect) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
intuitively	ude hajude	ADV		literally 'with intuition'
invade	vetafamoo	V	MAJ	from 'vettafamo' (aggressive warrior, fighter, invader) + 'o' (verb suffix)
invade	fuedoho	V	MAJ	from 'fuedo' (to fall, fell, drop) + 'he' (reflexive suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	more neutral than 'vetafamoo' (to invade)
invader	vettafamo	N	C.	from 'vettaf' (fight) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	A less 'noble' warrior fighting just for the sake of it or for wealth and/or prestige, often used for invaders.
invasion	vettafami	N	I.	from 'vettafamo' (warrior, fighter) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
invent	olumoho	V	MAJ	from 'olumo' (create, construct) + 'hohi' (newness) + 'o' (verb suffix) -> 'olumohoho -> olumoho
invention	olumoha	N	C.	from 'olumoho' (to invent) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
investigate	ufeno	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'ufeno' (to trace, encircle)
invite	haedo	V	MAJ	from 'hao' (to ask) + 'edo' (to come, arrive)
involuntarily	eve	ADV		from 'evo' (uninfluencable result prefix) + 'e' (adverb suffix)	Used for the involitional resultative, i.e. changes that were possibly intentional, but not voluntary. Contrast with 'amefe' which is used for for the volitional resultative.	Ileho ta hajefati eve. – I ended up having to change plans [e.g. because it started raining] Haado la ehe dovade eve (dote). – She ended up growing like a tree. (or simply: She is/was tall.)
involve	hedotano	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'tane' (inside) + 'o' (verb suffix)
inward	linehe	ADV	I.	from 'li' (towards) + 'nihe' (abstract static inside)
inward	linuhu	ADV	W.	from 'li' (towards) + 'nuhu' (wild static inside)
inward	linaha	ADV	C.	from 'li' (towards) + 'naha' (common static inside)
iridescent light	vuhi a johi haad	N	I.	literally 'light of many colors'
iron	sitiliva	N	C.	from 'sitili' (iron weapons, sword) + 'va' (here: material derivation suffix)
iron ore	eva a sitiliva	N	C.	literally 'ore/raw material of iron'
irresponsible action	vomisa	N	I.	unknown	full definition: 'causing of a mass panic through fear-mongering or irresponsible handling of delicate information'
irreversibly	kilvune	ADV		from 'kilvuni' (unchangeable result) + 'e' (adverb suffix)	Used for irreversible resultative, regardless of whether the changes was voluntary or not	Ilvunito fesuu kilvune. – The demon ended up being destroyed irreversibly. (or: The demon has been destroyed forever.)
irrigate	noito tahoonavati li	V	T	literally 'lead drinking water to'
irrigation	noiti a tahoonavade	N	I.	literally 'leading of drinking water'
island	kuse	N	C.	probably a root	particularly, but not exclusively, used to refer to larger islands
island	saaval	N	C.	from 'saava' (water) + 'l' (negating suffix)
isn't it?	emal	I		from 'em' (or) + 'al' (negation suffix)
isolate	iko	V	MAJ	from 'ike' (alone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
isolationism	ki a ikohi	N	I.	literally 'ideology of isolating'
issue	haa	N	I.
it's over	deo efi	PHR		literally 'everything pass[ed]'
item	vi	N	I.	v[a] (material, stuff) + i (abstract/unknown suffix)	immaterial, abstract or unknown items, e.g. items on an agenda
jade	eseto	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'estɂo' (/ɛstʔo/, jade)
jagged rock that tears up boats	vuatavan	N	W.	from 'vuhata' (stone) [+ 'a' of] + 'van' (here: danger)
jam	unosi a kama	N	C.	literally 'wetness/paste of fruit'	referring to the fruit preserve
jar	uilivo	N	C.	from 'uilo' (to store) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
jaw	oneka	N	C.	root
jealousy	netumiat	N	I.	from 'netumi' (protection, guarding) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	jealousy as in overprotectiveness, especially in relationships
job	amini	N	I.	from 'amin' (workplace) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	a particular job or occupation in a business etc.
job	ami	N	I.	from 'amo' (to do, work)
jocularity	mello	N	I.	semantic extension of 'mello' (sourness), based on the funny expression a person usually makes when eating something very sour
join	todehento	V	MAJ	probably related to 'to' (to go) and 'ude' (with)	especially used to talk about joining someone's journey, travels or similar
joint	tivi	N	C.	from 'ti' (motion, walk) + 'vi' (here: enabler suffix)
joke	mello	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'mello' (gaiety, jocularity)	intransitive meaning: 'be funny, a joke or a prank'
joke	melliva	N	I.	from 'melli' (humor, sense of humor) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
journey	letaf	N	I.	from 'leta' (a step) + 'f' (multitude suffix)
journey	letafo	V	MIN	from 'letaf' (a journey) + 'o' (verb suffix)
judge	nuo ... vuatiti	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'vuatti' (decision) + 'ti' (indirect case ending) first 't' dropped to ease pronunciation
judge	mohomonamo	N	C.	from 'mohomoon' + 'mo'	judge at a juridical court
judgement	eehi a vuati	N	I.	literally 'sense of verdict/decision'
juice	eevuhu	N	C.	root	Any kind of juice.
jump	ijotohe	V	MIN	from 'ijoto' (to throw) + 'he' (here: reflexive suffix), literally 'to throw yourself'	the 'he' is omitted if the word is preceded by 'eeo' or 'hokono', if the jumping is involuntary or with beings or things that rely on something else for necessary movement (e.g. parasites, disease agents, spores or electricity, information, radio waves)
jump on	ijotado	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (throw) + 'ado' (common 'at')	used with sapient and/or animate beings only, and anything being held at that time is referred to with an oblique object preceded by an 'ude' (with)
jungle	van	N	W.
jungle	oeedovu	N	W.	from 'oee' (area prefix) + 'dovu' (wild tree)
jungle noises	laamu	N	W.	from 'laamo' (here: to make noise) + 'u' (wilderness noun suffix)	especially animal sounds
juniper berry	ajandoo	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'áyandoo' (/ˈá.jan.dō/, juniper berry)
junk	eeovola	N	C.	from 'eeo' (to be able to) + 'vo' (to use) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Literally 'that which can't be used'
just	netie	ADV		from 'neti' (here: limit) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
just	hedonite	ADV		from 'he' (now) + 'doniti' (past) + 'e' (common adverb/adposition suffix)	just now, very recently
just	ikehe	ADV		from 'ike' (alone) + 'he' (an adverb derivation suffix for adverbs)
just now	hedonite	ADV		from 'he' (now) + 'doniti' (past) + 'e' (common adverb/adposition suffix)
justice	vuatuki	N	I.	from 'vuati' (here: decision, verdict, sentence) + 'uke' (goodness) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
justness	vuatuki	N	I.	from 'vuati' (here: decision, verdict, sentence) + 'uke' (goodness) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
jute	jute	N	C.	traditional symbol of Jute, gave the name to the island
Jute	jute	PPR		See etymology for 'jute' (home)
jute leaves	ilada	N	C.	from 'ilhaado' (to shrink) + 'a' (common noun suffix), named after how jute leaves shrink together when fried	referring to fried/sautéd jute leaves
jute leaves	kaseta	N	C.	root	uncooked ones
kaolinite	vatasoava	N	W.	from 'vatasoa' (porcelain bowl or dish, porcelain) + 'va' ('material' suffix)
kayak	akela	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'ɂakkla' (/ʔak:la/, 'kayak')
keep	ho	V	MAJ	root
keep alive	honijo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'ni' (life) + 'o' (verb suffix) with sound changes/palatalization
keep away	hetevo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (keep) + 'eteve' (away from) + 'o' (verb suffix)
keep going	hoto	V	MIN	from 'ho' (here: to keep) + 'to' (to go)
keep house	jufino	V	MAJ	from 'jufin' (household) + 'o' (verb suffix)
keep sth. going	noito to	V	MAJ	literally 'to lead to go', with 'to lead' meaning 'to make so. do sth.'	e.g. a business or another organization, the phrase is similar to 'I make things go here' in English
keeping	hi	N	I.
kerchief	jodeku	N	C.	from 'ejoto' (to wear) + 'ado' (at) + 'eku' (neck, chin)	sometimes called 'ejotadeku' in older forms of the language
ketchup	voniu	N	C.	loan from Mbamigi 'boniu niliee' (/boniu nilie:/, ketchup)
key	tinivo	N	C.	from 'tino' (to enter) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
kick	lut	N	I.	unknown, possible root
kick	luto	V	MAJ	from 'lut' (a kick) + 'o' (verb suffix)
kick out	lutoheo	V	MAJ	from 'luto' (to kick) + 'hea' (away) + 'o' (verb suffix)
kidnap	hedo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'hedo' (take)	when talking about children, animals under someone's care or humans in general.
kidney	semma	N	C.	root
kill	ilvunino	V	MAJ	ilvuni (end) + no (to live)	requires an object, otherwise it means 'to die'
kill	kiovono	V	MAJ	from 'kiovo' (here: to cut) + 'ni' (life) + 'o' (verb suffix)
kind	ilehi	N	I.	from 'ilehe' (unlike) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	literally 'unlikeness'
kind of	tonije	ADV		from 'toni' (way, style, method) + 'e' (common adverb suffix) + palatalization and semantic drift: 'in the style of X' → 'reminiscent of the style of X' → 'a bit like X' → 'somewhat (like) X'
kind of	ehe	ADV		semantic extension of 'ehe' (here: like, as, similarly)	Casual. Meaning 'kind of' as in 'more or less', or 'somewhat', rather than 'in a (certain/weird/unique) way', for which only 'tonije' would be used. Put at the end of a sentence, separated by a comma in writing.
kindergarten	udimuinan	N	C.	from 'udimuina' (midwife, nanny) + 'n' (place suffix)
kindling	tisivo	N	C.	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
kindness	sehuki	N	I.	semantic extension of 'sehuki' (care)
kindness	dekimidu	N	I.	from 'dekio' (understand) + 'midu' (heart)
king	vunam a efi a vunamanede	N	C.	literally 'parent of all parentland'	Used mostly in translated stories, sometimes also when talking about the history of other nations, rarely if ever used for any present ruler (with exceptions). Sometimes the 'a efi' part is omitted.
king	hotuvimo	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Particularly for those kings ruling unjustly or those with no legitimized rule, sometimes used polemically for all
kingdom	hotuvimon	N	C.	from 'hotuvimo' (king) + 'n' (place suffix)
kiss	susa	N	C.	unknown, potentially (partially) onomatopoeic
kiss	suso	V	MAJ	from 'susa' (kiss) + 'o' (verb suffix)
kit	amivof	N	C.	from 'amivo' (tool) + 'f' (collective suffix)	a toolkit or similar
kit	mekohefa	N	C.	from 'mekoo' (to add, contribute to, collect, combine) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)	items collected for a specific purpose
kitchen	favon	N	C.	extension of 'favon' (stove)	secondary meaning, especially used for smaller private kitchens
kitchen	tunafavo	N	C.	from 'tuna' (room prefix) + 'favo' (to cook)	most commonly used, for all kinds of kitchens
kitchen	hemon	N	C.	from 'hemo' (to eat) + 'n' (place suffix)	Secondary meaning, sometimes used for (private) kitchens that also serve as dining rooms
kitten	nijauvafi	N	C.	from 'nijauva' (cat) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	alternate form: 'nijaufi' (equivalent to 'kitty')
kiwifruit	hesohama	N	C.	from 'heso' (to be lightly furred, be coated in hair) and 'hama' (fruit)
knead	mato	V	MAJ	from 'mati' (a shape) + 'o' (verb suffix)
knee	alve	N	C.	root
knife	kiovivo	N	C.	from 'kiovo' (to cut) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
knock out	ilvuhivo	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuhi' (pitch-black darkness) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
knock out	ilvuho	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuhi' (pitch-black darkness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
knot	kahana	N	C.	from 'kahano' (bind) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
know	nesano	V	MAJ	from 'no' (be) + 'in' (abstract 'in') + 'saini' (mind) + 'o' (verb suffix) ('i' in 'in' became 'e', 'n' disappeared)
know	muldo	V	MAJ	unknown, possible root
know how to	eeo	AUX	IR	root	Referring to generally being able to do something. Used as an auxiliary in both transitive (e.g. 'They generally know how to do it') and intransitive sentences (e.g. 'They generally know how to swim').
knowledge	nesani	N	I.	from 'nesano' (know) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
label	nojivi	N	I.	from 'noji' (direction, directing towards) + 'vi' (here: thing)	not physical labels, but identifying terms
labyrinth	netuadovan a iliki	N	C.	literally 'garden of confusion'
lace	sikulu	N	C.	likely a semantic extension of 'sikulu' (twig)
lack	ilni	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite-prefix) + 'ni' (existence)	'lack' as in 'absence', for example in 'notice the lack of sounds here'
lack	ilnio	V	MAJ	from 'ilni' (absence, lack) + 'o' (verb suffix)	'lack' as in 'be absent', not 'be insufficient', so not implying any kind of need for that absence to be changed.
lack	loloi	N	I.	from 'lolo' (be insufficient) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	'lack' as in 'shortcoming', mostly, but not exclusively in amount, as in for example: 'We're experiencing a lack of skilled labor/important resources/etc.'
lack	lolo	V	MIN	from lo (suffice) + l (negation suffix) + o (verb suffix)	'lack' as in 'not have enough, have insufficient of'.
lack of organisation	mahavi	N	I.	apparently in reference to a perceived stereotype of Mahavic people	also referring to things like 'loose papers laying around on the floor, sign of too much bureaucracy'
lack time	loldoono	V	MIN	from 'lolo' (to be insufficient) + 'dooni' (time) + 'o' (verb suffix)
lacklustreness	loloi	N	I.	from 'lolo' (be insufficient) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	mostly, but not exclusively referring to amount
lake	saavanu	N	W.	from 'saavan' (lake) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	a lake in the jungle or some other 'wild' or dangerous territory
lake	saavan	N	C.	saava (water) + n (place suffix)
lament	usolo	V	MIN	root, possibly partially imitative
lamentation	usoli	N	I.	from 'usolo' (to mourn, cry, complain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
lamp	vailivuhefa	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'vuhefo' (deliberately lighten)
lampshade	ova a vailivuhefa	N	C.	literally 'top of lamp'
land	saaval	N	C.	saava (water) + l (negating suffix)	mostly reserved for islands
land	seo	V	MAJ	root of unknown origin
land	oena	N	C.	root
land	havan	N	C.	extension of 'havan' (wilderness)	if the land is mostly wilderness, this can be used (for example with Jute)
land	net	N	C.	extension of net 'coast'	Coastal lands
land of	oee	AFF		from 'oena' (soil, ground, land)	denotes a bigger place on land than the -n/-an suffix, that is, more an area than a spot Spoken as two syllables, used as a prefix.
landfill	eeovolan	N	C.	from 'eeovola' (rubbish, trash, junk) + 'n' (place suffix)
language	tahivi	N	I.	tahiva (word) + i (abstract suffix)
lantern	vuhefivo	N	C.	from 'vuhefo' (deliberately lighten) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
lap	ooni	N	I.	Extension of 'ooni' (cycle)
laptop	lisenkaun a vattohi	N	C.	literally 'computer of carrying'	Sitti Jutean
laptop	vailidekiva a vattohi	N	C.	literally 'computer of carrying'
lard	afuva a musuu	N	C.	literally 'fat of softness'	any kind of spreadable fat or fat-based spreads, often not counting butter
laser	kulmas	N	I.	loan from Achiyitqan 'qulmas' (//qʉlmas/, 'laser')
last	hedo dooniti	V	T	literally 'take time'
last	netuhe	DET		from 'netu' (border to wilderness, frontier) + 'e' (here: common adposition suffix)	after the noun it is giving a reference to, and referring to the final one only, not the most recent one
lastly	netuhe	ADV		from 'netu' (border to wilderness, frontier) + 'e' (here: common adverb suffix)
late	in doniti oos	ADV		literally 'too much in the future'
lateness	doonoos	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'oos' (too much)
later	lione	ADV		from 'li oone' (towards night)
laugh	veeho	V	MAJ	from Middle Jutean 'veheho' (to laugh)	Intransitive meaning: be laughed at, be ridiculed.
laughter	veehi	N	I.	from 'veeho' (laugh) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
launch	novi	N	I.	from 'novo' (to start, cause, launch) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Has the meaning of 'launch, initiation', not 'start, beginning' (which would be 'vuni') Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project or club.
launch	daho	V	MAJ		launching something into air, e.g. a balloon, plane etc. context or additional objects can disambiguate if necessary
launch	novo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (to be, exist, live) + 'vo' (causative trigger, here used as a derivation suffix)	Has the meaning of 'launch, initiate', not 'create, make' (which would be 'vuno') Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project or organization, but not used for traditional things like a family.
lava	kue	N	W.	root
law	kiasaimake	N	I.	from 'ki a sai a uke' (order of will of goodness, or order of goodwill)
lawmaking	haadi a kiasaimake	N	I.	literally 'growing/building of law'
lawspeaker	nuudekomo a kiasaimake	N	C.	literally 'speaker/communicator of law'	not in the context of Jute and any place with a similar political system, where the position of the lawspeaker is the highest/sole authority position and a lawspeaker is therefore called a 'vunamoena'
lawspeaker	vunamoena	N	C.	from 'vunam' (parent) + 'oena' (soil, ground, land)	only in the context of Jute and any place with a similar political system, where the position of the lawspeaker is not the highest/sole authority position a lawspeaker is 'nuudekomo a kiasaimake'
lawyer	udimohomoo	N	C.	from 'udimi' (support, help) + mohomoo (reconcile, restore)
lay	maso	V	MAJ	root
lay down	maso	V	MAJ	root
lay eggs	fivo	V	MAJ	from 'fiva' (egg) + 'o' (verb suffix)
lay on top	masovo	V	MAJ	from 'masove' (on top of each other) + 'o' (verb suffix)
lay weight on	vuato li	V	MAJ	extension of 'vuato' (to weigh, decide)
laziness	feetedi	N	I.	from 'feete' (slowness) +'di' (feeling)
lazy person	amma	N	C.	from 'ammo' (to be lazy) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
lead	noito	V	IR	from vunojo (to show) + to (to go), the 'j' later becoming 'i' as the 'o' disappeared	Leading someone, either in general, or to a location. This meaning is ergative.
leaf	dusa	N	W.	root	referring specifically to the thinner leaves of some trees like Dracaena
leaf	ikomu	N	W.	root, cognate of NGU 'īngomu' (leaf), came later to exclusively refer to jungle leafs	for leafs of jungle trees or other 'wild' plants
leaf	ikoma	N	C.	from 'ikomu' (leaf, especially leaf from jungle plants) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	for trees and plant outside of the jungle or other 'wild' places
leaflet	najasela	N	C.	from 'najaselo' (to print) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
league	mihonafi	N	I.	from 'mihonafa' (community hall) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
lean	sehuko	V	MAJ	root	uses no preposition unlike the English equivalent 'lean over'or 'lean at'
learn	noitosano	V	MAJ	from 'noito' (to lead, make so. do sth.) + 'nesani' (knowledge)	intransitive sentences only, for scholarly knowledge/formal education. 'Learn about' would be 'noitosano a' for more academic knowledge, or 'noitosano li' for skills.
learn about	fuumo	V	T	root	not used in this sense in intransitive sentences.
leather	meka	N	C.	loan from Neviran 'meq̇a' (/mɛqʼä/, leather)
leave	ato	V	MIN	from 'a' (of) + 'to' (to go)
leave	noheo	V	MIN	from 'no' (be) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes the 'at' (locative from) preposition, e.g.: 'Noheof ta at anade a ja.' (We should leave this place.)
leave	toho	V	MAJ	from 'to' (go) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
leave ajar	fofeo	V	MAJ	from 'fofe' (ajar, slightly open) + 'o' (verb suffix)
leave somebody alone	iko	V	MAJ	from 'ike' (alone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
lecture	ivusa	N	I.	shortening/backformation of 'ivusai' (conclusion)	Academic, not a reproof done by parents/other guardians.
left	udomi	N	I.	from 'udome' (left, adverb) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
left	udome	ADV		from 'udomi' (support, help) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition suffix)	As right is the dominant side for most people, the left can be seen as the 'supporting' side
left	udomi	N	I.	from 'udome' (left, adverb) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
leftovers	oosa	N	C.	from 'oos' (too much) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
leg	solka	N	C.	root of unknown origin
legacy	honohi	N	I.	gerund of 'hono' (to wait, stay, remain)
legally	hoke	ADV		from 'hoko' (to allow) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
legend	tahi a ejoti	N	I.	literally 'story of mysteriousness'
legislation	haadi a kiasaimake	N	I.	literally 'growing/building of law'	the process of lawmaking
legislature	haadon a kiasaimake	N	C.	literally 'farm of law'	referring to the building
legislature	mihonafi a kiasaimake	N	I.	literally 'assembly of law'	referring to the institution or the people as a group, only used for regional, national or international lawmaking assemblies, not for local ones
legislature	mihonafa a kiasaimake	N	C.	literally 'community hall of law'	referring to the institution or the people as a group, only used for local ones, e.g. of a county, small town or district of a larger town regional, national or international lawmaking assemblies use 'mihonafi a kiasaimake'
length	kilita	N	I.	from 'kihi' (number) + 'leta' (step)	for spatial lengths only
lengthen	kilito	V	MAJ	from 'kilita' (length) + 'o' (verb suffix)
less	usivu	DET		from 'ude' (with) + 'sivue' (smallness)
less	usivu	ADV		from 'ude' (with) + 'sivue' (smallness)
let	nuo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'nuo' (to give)	'let' as in 'to give, grant, render possible', 'let' as in 'to consent to, to not obstruct' would be 'oso'
let	oso	AUX	IR	root	'Let' as in 'to consent to, to not obstruct'. 'Let' as in 'to give, grant, render possible' would be 'nuo' Used as an auxiliary, in both transitive (let so. do sth.) and intransitive (be able to do sth. unobstructed) sentences.
let power increase	nulumo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'lumo' (here: power) + 'o' (verb suffix)
letter	hotif	N	C.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'f' (collective suffix)
lever	emtooha	N	C.	from 'emtoohi', the gerund of 'emtoo' (to pull) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
levy	noito nuokeda	V	MIN	literally 'force a contribution'	that which is taxed is preceded by a 'nuhe' (for) and takes the oblique case
liberal market economy	jufinafa a tonija	N	I.	literally 'collective household of individuals' or 'individualized collective household'
liberalism	sahai a hokoni	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of rights'
library	tunahotif	N	C.	from 'tuna' (room prefix) + 'hotif' (book, letter, file, lengthy writing)	either referring to a single room in a building or also a separate building
licence	foskajo	N	I.	from Achiyitqan 'poskayo' (/poskajo/, 'licence')
license	foskajo	V	MAJ	from Achiyitqan 'poskayo' (/poskajo/, 'licence')
lichen	ejotova	N	C.	from 'ejoto' (here: to cover) + 'va' (part, as in 'haadova')
lie	maso	V	MAJ	root	to recline
lie	nuo ... iltavaniti	V	MAJ	literally 'give untruth'	As with 'nuo tavaniti' (to tell the truth), a subject is not mandatory. If a subject is not stated, the sentence reads 'a/the lie is told', but the 'ti' indirect case marking suffix on ‘iltavani’ needs to be omitted in that case.
lie around	uhaso	V	MIN	root
lie down	maso tuuve	V	MAJ	literally 'lie downwards'
life	sife	PPR	I.	cognate with NGU 'sīme' (humanity)	'Life' on Earth in general, rather than a particular life or just human lives, either as an abstract entity as in 'Life, uh, finds a way' or when referring to all that which lives in the environment. Sometimes overlaps with 'ni', which can also be a general term, but usually either describes a particular life, human lives in general (especially in philosophical or psychological contexts), or that which distinguishes living beings from that which is inanimate.
life	ni	N	I.	from 'no' (live)
life	sife	N	I.	cognate with NGU 'sīme' (humanity)	'Life' on Earth in general, rather than a particular life or just human lives, either as an abstract entity as in 'Life, uh, finds a way' or when referring to all that which lives in the environment. Sometimes overlaps with 'ni', which can also be a general term, but usually either describes a particular life, human lives in general (especially in philosophical or psychological contexts), or that which distinguishes living beings from that which is inanimate.
life	nesatilaf	N	I.	from 'nesatila' (a single memory) + 'f' (collective suffix)	Poetic. For most Juteans, memories aren't attached to a person, they are (a large part of) what makes up a person and their life. See also note at 'nesatilaf' (memory [ability])
life vest	umtivo	N	C.	from 'umto' (to float) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
life vest	umtivo a ejotamo	N	C.	from 'umtivo' (here: flotation device) + 'a ejotamo' (of clothing)
lifeform	va	N	C.	extension of 'inseparable part', used in the sense of 'lifeforms are each an inseparable part of the ecosystem they live in on a smaller scale and the earth on the bigger one'	in biology-related compounds (like 'nova' animal or 'haadova' plant) or when talking about similar topics only
lifeline	umti	N	I.	from 'umta' (driftwood) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
lifetime	nesatilaf	N	I.	from 'nesatila' (a single memory) + 'f' (collective suffix)	For most Juteans, memories aren't attached to a person, they are (a large part of) what makes up a person and their life. See also note at 'nesatilaf' (memory [ability])
lift	ilvuato	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'vuato' (weigh, lay weight on)
lift into air	kolo	V	MAJ	root	used for storms or similar, not for humans
ligament	kaana a vutamat	N	C.	literally 'rope of bone'
light	tisefo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'efo' (causative verb derivation suffix, see also 'vuhefo')	a candle, torch etc.
light	vuhi	N	I.	from 'vuha' (sun) + i (abstract suffix)	used for both natural and artificial light
light colour	johi a haad avuhi	N	I.	from 'johi a haada a vuhi' (color of biggerness of light)	johi a haad avuhi: a light, pale color johi a haada avuhi: a lighter (more whitish) color
light source	vuhefoha	N	C.	from 'vuhefohi', the gerund of 'vuhefo' (deliberately lighten) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
light wave	saavuhi	N	I.	from 'saa' (wave) + 'vuhi' (light)	Since talking about light waves isn't really common outside of scientific discussions, and since they (usually) can't directly be seen with the naked eye, the word has the immaterial/abstract gender, since it's like an abstract concept to most people.
lighten	vuhefo	V	MAJ	from 'vuhi' (light) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix) 'i' became 'e' later on, and 'v' shifted to 'f'	used for deliberate lightening done by animate beings
lighten	vuho	V	MAJ		only used with inanimate objects, and not with fire
lightening	vuhefi	N	I.	from 'vuhefo' (to lighten) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract ending)
lighter	tisefa	N	C.	from 'tisefo' (to light on fire) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	usually referring to something that is both on fire and used to light something else on fire, like a candle, a match, or burning tinder, or less commonly to something that causes sparks
lighthouse	van a tonahi	N	C.	literally 'fire of guiding'
lighting	vuhefefi	N	I.	from 'vuhefefa' (light source, lamp) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	refers to the ability of the lamps and other sources of 'artificial' light. If something is enlightened using natural light (for example, by pushing away the curtains), 'vuhefi' is used.
lightning	liik	N	W.	root
lightning strike	sei a liik	N	W.	literally 'strike of lightning'
like	ehe	ADP			similar to
like	masijive	ADV		from 'masijivo' (example) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)	for example
like	saihoko	V	MAJ	from 'saiho uke' (think good)
likeness	ehei	N	I.	from 'ehe' (too, like, as, likewise, similarly) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
likewise	ehe	ADV
liking	lovi a nide	N	I.	literally 'fulfillment of life'	strong liking, something that e.g. you think significantly improves your life
limit	soheno	V	MAJ	from 'soo' (to hold) + 'hen' (here) + 'o' (verb suffix)	restrain
limit	netio	V	MAJ	from 'neti' (limit) + 'o' (verb suffix)	limit a territory, mark a border
limit	neti	N	I.	from 'net' (coast) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
limitedly	sohene	ADV		from 'soheni' (restriction) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)	usually human-enforced limits or regulations
limitlessness	netili	N	I.	from 'netilo' (be boundless, endless, limitless) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
line	hoti	N	I.	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'ti' (motion)
line	hotio	V	MAJ	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'o' (verb suffix)
lineage	vunamaf	N	I.	from 'vunam' (here: parent) + 'f' (collective suffix)
linguistics	tonesani a tahivi	N	I.	literally 'science of language'
link	tahadovivo	N	C.	from 'tahadovo' (to glue, stick together, connect) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	Something that physically links something (animate or inanimate) or some animals/people together
link	tahadovivi	N	I.	from 'tahadovivo' (a link, glue) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	A metaphorical or more immaterial link.
link	tahadovo	V	MAJ	from 'tahadova' tree sap, pitch, resin + 'o' verb suffix
lip	susivo	N	C.	from 'susa' (kiss) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)	Casual
lip	neda	N	C.	root
liquid	tahava	N	C.	tah (flow) + ava (material suffix)
list	ite	N	I.	unknown, cognate with NGU 'ine' (class, type)
listen	deko	V	IT	root
listener	deka	N	C.	from 'deko' (here: to listen) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
literacy	eehi nuhe hotiohi	N	I.	literally 'ability for writing'
literature	hotiomi	N	I.	from 'hotiomo' (writer, writers) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
little by little	ifi	ADV		root	also used as a diminutive suffix
live	no	V	MIN	unknown
live together	nano	V	MIN	nan (your place/home) + o (verb suffix)
liven up	vuhefo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'vuhefo' (to lighten a room)
liver	keake	N	C.	cognate with NGU 'ngeang' (liver), further origin unknown
living being	sifeva	N	W.	from 'sife' (life) + 'va' (here: part)
living together	nanoi	N	I.	from 'nano' (live together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	In Jute, this is seen as being married unless it's more than two people, or the two people don't sleep with each other in the same bed.
lizard	nom	N	W.	root	larger lizards, saurians also get called the augmentative form 'nomat' sometimes
lizard	kavelu	N	W.	root	usually referring to smaller lizards or reptils
load	vatto	V	MAJ	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
load	onki	N	I.	from 'onko' (fill, be full) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	alternatively, also referring to a part of a load in some cases
load	vatti	N	I.	from 'vatto' (to carry) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
load	onko	V	MAJ	root, possible cognate with NGU 'hango' (full)
loan	evotohi a lumo	N	I.	literally 'borrowing of power'
locality	dison	N	C.	from 'diso' (to forage for or grow edible herbs or weeds) + 'n' (place suffix)	any place where edible herbs or weeds are found or grown
localness	navi	N	I.	from 'nav' (by, near, beside) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
locals	navia	N	C.	from 'navi' (localness) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
locate	ano	V	MAJ	from 'ana' (place) + 'o' (verb suffix)
location of a race	vuin	N	I.	from 'vui' (race) + 'n' (place suffix)	the general location where a race takes place, e.g. the city of Monaco for the Monaco Grand Prix, or a particular forest
lock	kunnivo	N	C.	from 'kunno' (here: to block, lock) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	something that prevents entry through e.g. a door, like a bolt or lock
lock	kunno	V	MAJ	root
lock down	kunno	V	MAJ	root
lock up	daho	V	T		used in transitive sentences only	Daho fan nijauviti an mihononede eteve, haa? Did you lock up the cat in the house?
log in	hotiohe tine	V	MIN	literally 'to write oneself into'
log in	hotino	V	MIN	shortened, informal version of 'hotiohe tine' (to log in)	casual
log-in	hotiohi he tine	N	I.	gerund form of 'hotiohe tine' (to log in)
logic	saildesi	N	I.	probably from 'sai' (here: 'thought') + 'ildesi' (straightness)
logo	nioona a sina	N	I.	literally 'picture of name'
loiter	uhaso	V	MIN	semantic extension of 'uhaso' (lie around)
lol	veve	I		from 'veehi veehi' (laughter laughter)
loneliness	ikoos	N	I.	from 'iki' (alone) + 'oos' (too much)
long for	dololo	V	MAJ	from 'do' (to feel) + 'lolo' (to lack, be insufficient)
look	aso	V	MAJ	root	Intransitive meaning: be looked at
look	joha	N	I.	from 'joo' (see) + 'a' (a noun suffix)	the look of something, e.g. 'a good look'
look	hujoo	V	IT	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'joo' (to see)	'to look' as in 'They look good'
look at	aso	V	MAJ	root
look bigger	jaho	V	MAJ	from 'joo a haada' ('to look of biggerness')
look for	netumio	V	MAJ	from 'netumi' (guarding, watch) + 'o' (verb suffix)
look like	hedojao	V	MIN	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'joha' (sight of something)	like 'to be' this takes one or two nouns in the direct case, and no direct objects.
loom	delon	N	C.	from 'delo' (to weave) + 'n' (place suffix), as looms traditionally are communal and had a specific fixed location	e.g. a warp-weighted loom, or other simple looms
loom	hojiiko	V	MIN	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'jiiko' (to creak)
loom	delonat	N	C.	from 'delon' (loom) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	wide loom that usually requires two weavers and a lot of room
lose	tefoeto	V	MAJ	from 'tefo' (to win, achieve, reach) + 'et' ('antagonistic against', against the speaker) + 'o' (verb suffix)	only referring to cases where the speaker or the person being talked about was defeated, i.e. unless they defeated themselves, they can not be the subject of a transitive sentence with this verb.
lose	ejaho	V	MAJ	root, possibly related to 'joo' (to see) or 'ejoto' (cover, disguise, conceal)	referring to something being lost under unknown circumstances or circumstances beyond one’s control, e.g. the sudden or gradual disappearance of something or someone
lose	ilevoto	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'evoto' (get, obtain, acquire)	referring to something being lost under explainable circumstances or circumstances within one’s control
lose	tataimo	V	MAJ	from 'to at saini' (go from mind)	to lose a memory or similar, or forget the location of something
lose consciousness	ilvuho	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuhi' (pitch-black darkness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
lose consciousness	ilevoto nisaifiti a saini	V	MIN	literally 'lose mental energy'
loss	ejahi	N	I.	from 'ejaho' (to lose, be lost, disappear) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
lot	viat	N	I.	from 'vi' (thing, stuff,entity) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	a literal amount of many physical things, not used much in an immaterial/abstract sense like 'not a lot could be seen'
louderness	haada a lumo	N	I.	literally 'biggerness of power/loudness'
loudness	lumo	N	I.	root
louse	vafasi	N	C.	assumed root, cognate with NGU 'rāpasi' (louse)
love	lovo niti	V	MIN	literally 'fulfill life'	that which is liked much is the subject, the speaker or the person being referred to can be expressed with an 'a' + oblique object construction
love	diaadifo	V	MAJ	from 'diaadif' (love) + 'o' (verb suffix)
love	do huuvati	V	T	set phrase, literally 'feel birds'	romantically or in a way that implies wanting to stay together with them forever (e.g. a bromance or other kind of platonic relationship)
love	diaadif	N	I.	from 'di a di a efi' (feeling of all feelings)
lovelessness	ilnadiadif	N	I.	from 'ilna' (derivation suffix showing the lack of something) + 'diaadif' (love)
lower respiratory tract	huun	N	C.	from 'huu' (air) + 'n' (place suffix)
lowland	daavia	N	C.	possibly from *takvia (valley)
lowness	daavi	N	I.	from 'daavia' (valley) with the 'a' left out	geographical lowness, referring to altitude
loyalty	udimit	N	I.	from 'udimi' (help, support) + 'it' (qualitative augmentative suffix)
loyalty	lejavo	N	I.	unknown origin, cognate with NGU 'rēyawo' (to trust)
luckiness	fulmohomi	N	I.	from 'fuli' (here: saying, remark) + 'mohomi' (holiness, religious harmoniousness)
lumber	dovevo	N	C.	from 'dova' (tree, wood) + 'evoto' (here: to obtain)
lumberjack	dovevomo	N	C.	from 'dovevo' (lumber) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
luminescence	vooni	N	I.	from 'voono' (to glow) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
lung	huun	N	C.	from 'huu' (air) + 'n' (place suffix)	also referring to the surrounding parts of the lower respiratory tract
lung	ekas	N	C.	root	referring to the proper lungs, not e.g. the bronchi
lynx	kiseka	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'giɥqa' (/gɪʃqa/, lynx)
macadamia	holva	N	C.	root
macaroni	sikulunea	N	C.	from 'sikulu' (string, twig) + 'nea' (flour)
mace	seheji	N	C.	unknown, likely loan
machete	kiovivohad	N	C.	from 'kiovivo a haad', literally 'knife of bigness'
machine	vahi	N	C.	from 'vi a amohi' (thing of doing [something])
machinery	vahiva	N	C.	from 'vahi' (machine) + 'va' (material, part)
made of	ve	ADP		from 'va' (inseparable part, material)
maelstrom	saanemtu	N	W.	from 'saanu' (open sea) + 'emtoo' (to suck) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
magazine	najasela	N	C.	from 'najaselo' (to print) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
magic	ilmasiji	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'masiji' (explanation)	impersonal magic, magic from supernatural entities
magic	vamejoti	N	I.	from 'vami' (craft) + 'ejoti' (secret)	magic worked by humans
magical focus	vamejotiva	N	I.	from 'vamejoti' (hidden art, magic, initiation rite, religious school) + 'va' (material suffix, substance)
magical instinct	vamejotiva	N	I.	from 'vamejoti' (hidden art, magic, initiation rite, religious school) + 'va' (material suffix, substance)
magical practice	vamejotiva	N	I.	from 'vamejoti' (hidden art, magic, initiation rite, religious school) + 'va' (material suffix, substance)
magician	vamejotimo	N	C.	from 'vamejoti' magic + 'mo' profession suffix
magnet	vatasaam	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone derivation prefix) + 'saam' (loan from Achiyitqan 'giamm' /d͡ʒam:/, magnet)
magnifying glass	vunojahivo	N	C.	from 'vuno', make + 'jaho' (look bigger) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
mail	tova	N	C.	from 'tovo' (to send) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
mail	lihoto	V	MAJ	from 'lihoti' (address) + 'o' (verb suffix)
mailman	hotonamo	N	C.	from 'hoton' (post office) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
main part	midi	N	I.	from 'midu' (heart) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
mainland	oena a haada	N	C.	literally 'land of biggerness'
maintain	vaso	V	MAJ	root
maize	telsoo	N	C.	loan from Proto-Letsic *telśojź /telt͡sɔjd͡z/ (corn)
make	vuno	V	MAJ
make	noito	V	IR	extension of 'noito' (to lead)	Used as an auxiliary in transitive causative sentences.
make big	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
make dirty	vikino	V	MAJ	from 'vikini' (dirtiness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
make important	hiido	V	MAJ	from 'hiit' (importance) + 'o' (verb suffix)
make music	tesaako	V	MAJ	from 'tesaaka' (music) + 'o' (verb suffix)
make noise	laamo	V	MIX	root	unergative verb in sentences where the subject is animate, but ergative when the subject is inanimate With inanimate subjects it is translated as 'to cause to make noise'. As with other 'mixed' verbs, this verb can not be used in transitive sentences.
make pottery	maiko	V	MAJ	root
make public	lihotafo	V	MAJ	from 'lihotafa' (the public) + 'o' (verb suffix)
make room	daho	V	T	from 'dahe' (room, space) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used in transitive sentences	Dahof na huuvati nuhe nunohi hadee! You should give (the/your) birds more space to live! Daho nodesaina he ta inatife. (My) partner will give me more space.
make slightly wet	unosifo	V	MAJ	from 'unsofi' (dampness, moistness, humidity) + 'o' (verb suffix)
make someone a companion	todehentemoo	V	MAJ	from 'todehentemo' (companion) + 'o' (verb suffix)
make someone be responsible	vuato ove	V	MAJ	extension of 'vuato' (to weigh, decide) + 'ove' (on)
make suffer	ilikimo	V	MAJ	from 'ilikimat' (disease, illness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
make tea	kamo saavati	V	T	literally 'to fruit water'	only for fruit infusions
making room	dahi	N	I.	from 'daho' (here: to make room) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
malfunction	ilukivahi	N	I.	from 'iluki' ('ungoodness', mistake) + 'vahi' (tool, machine, device)
mammal	novalanka	N	C.	from 'nova' (animal) + 'valanka' (fur), loan translation from Achiyitqan
mammoth	tuhuja	N	W.	from AMH 'tuxulá'
mana	vamejotiva	N	I.	from 'vamejoti' (hidden art, magic, initiation rite, religious school) + 'va' (material suffix, substance)
manage	noito to	V	MAJ	literally 'to lead to go', with 'to lead' meaning 'to make so. do sth.'	the phrase is similar to 'I make things go here' in English
manage	lomoho	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'lomoho' (to complete, finish, accomplish)
management	noitoti	N	I.	from 'noito to' (rule over, manage)	more involved managing, often with a degree of micro-managing
management	noji	N	I.	from 'nojo' (to point) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for management that only creates or maintains a general framework, but does not micromanage much or at all
manager	noitotimo	N	C.	from 'noitoti' (just rule, stewardship, management) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
manger	hemivofi	N	C.	from 'hemivo' (trough) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
mango	toloka	N	C.	root
mangrove	safa	N	W.	root
mangrove forest	safan	N	W.	from 'safa' (mangrove tree) + 'n' (place suffix)
manner	hi	N	I.	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
manners	hi	N	I.	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
mantra	memotila	N	I.	from 'memotilo' (to repeat verbally) + 'a' (here: suffix denoting 'something that is X')
many	haad	DET
map	vunojivo	N	C.	from 'vunojo' (to show) + 'ivo' (instrumental noun suffix)
marble	mifasuu	N	C.	loan from Neviran 'miđaźuŧ' (/miðäʑʉθ/, marble)
margarine	esaselu	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'oorsazguy' (/ɤ:rsɑzɣɯj/, 'margarine')
margarine	afuva a musuu	N	C.	literally 'fat of softness'	any kind of spreadable fat or fat-based spreads, often not counting butter
marine animal	sanova	N	W.	from 'saa' (wave) + 'nova' (animal)	Also includes smaller ones.
mark	efeni	N	I.	from 'efino' (to mark, note) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	a sign or other kind of deliberate marking of something with colors, lines etc.
mark	efino	V	MAJ	from 'efinav' (abstract around) + 'o' (verb suffix)	with colors, lines, in digital environments, in the sense of 'mark my words' or similar
mark	feno	V	MAJ	from 'afenav' (common around) + 'o' (verb suffix)	e.g. a place with physical objects, like stone circles
market	hemen	N	C.	from 'heme' (food) + 'n' (place suffix)	for markets that are exclusively or mostly offering food
market	hokedon	N	C.	from 'hokedo' (to give away, offer) + 'n' (place suffix)	any kind of market
market	hokehuton	N	C.	from 'hokehuto' (trade) + 'n' (place suffix)	in trading centers, for example in free-trade zones at seaports
marketer	hemenamo	N		from 'hemen' (market) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix)
marking	efeni	N	I.	from 'efino' (to mark, note) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	a sign or other kind of deliberate marking of something with colors, lines etc.
marriage	nanoi	N	I.	from 'nano' (live together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	In Jute, marriage begins when two people move together and sleep with each other for the first time. There usually is a ceremony or celebration before that, but it's not strictly necessary.
marsh	vimel	N	W.	loan from Gfiewish 'bimr' (marsh, wetland), via South Jutean	referring to cold or temperate wetland, not e.g. subtropical or tropical swamps or bogs
mash	sedame	N	C.	from 'seda' (pot) + 'heme' (food)	also used for some stews, porridge and other thick foods made in a pot
mash	sedamo	V	MAJ	from 'sedame' (mash, stew, porridge)	see notes for ‘sedami’ (a blend)
masher	neivo	N	C.	from 'neo' (to grind) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
masonry	tejesu	N	I.	loan from Kavrinian 'teeqyääzulh' (/te:xjæ:zɯ/, 'masonry')
mast	dahukuha	N	C.	from 'dahuu' (sail) + 'kuha' (here: pole)	sometimes shortened to 'daukuha'
master	hotuvimo	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
match	tikavan	N	C.	from 'tik a van' (stick of fire)
mate	mafemo	N	C.	from 'amafe' (here: team) + 'mo' (here: agentive derivation suffix)
material	niva	N	I.	from 'ni' (existence, life) + 'va' (inseparable part, material)	For physical material that can be formed or otherwise manipulated, for example to create new things
material	va	N	I.
materialism	ki a niva	N	I.	literally 'belief/theory of matter'
mathematics	tikki	N	I.	from 'tik' (branch) + 'ki' (order, orderly fashion)	First counting and mathematical operations in Jute were done by laying sticks in orderly heaps and adding/taking away from them.
matter	vi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vi' ([unknown] thing, entity)	For atomic and sub-atomic matter. Has the 'immaterial/abstract/unknown' gender because it's both still largely a mystery and a very abstract thing to imagine (despite it being physically existing)
matter	niva	N	I.	from 'ni' (existence, life) + 'va' (inseparable part, material)	For visible matter, i. e. anything you don't need an electron microscope for or similar.
matter of importance	hiit	N	I.	root, or related to 'haad', with 'a' becoming 'i' and 'd' 't'?
mature	niho	V	MIN	from 'nihi' (age) + 'o' (verb suffix)
maul	ijotado	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'ijotado' (to jump on)
maybe	noke	ADV		from 'nok' (conditional form of 'no', to be) + 'e' (a common adverb ending)
mbignore	midikenovo	V	MAJ	unknown loan
mead	mudenkome	N	C.	loan from Mbamigi 'b̃udeg̃ome' (mead)
meadow	tinulen	N	C.	loan from Klambari-Jutean 'tinuln' (letting animals graze), via Klambari 'tönulm' (holding cattle), ultimately from Old Gfiewish 'stenujwe' (cowshed), equivalent to modern Gfiewish 'tnulme' (/tnɯɭmɛ/, cattle). Doublet of 'senuuja' (cattle), which was loaned via South Jutean 'senuje' (cattle farm)
meal	favefa	N	C.	from 'favo' (to cook) + 'efa' (resultative derivation suffix)
mean	sino	V	T	extension of 'sino' (to name)	Requires a transitive sentence (a direct object)
meaning	sini	N	I.	from 'sino' (to mean) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
meaningfulness	sini	N	I.	from 'sino' (to mean) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
meanwhile	hehe	ADV		semantic extension of 'hehe' (still)
measure	ilehivo	N	C.	from 'ilehio' (to compare) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	can also be any physical object with which something is measured, or an object to which something is compared, e.g. a banana for scale
measurement	ilehivo	N	I.	from 'ilehio' (to compare) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	referring to the result of an act of measuring
meat	viholu	N	C.	root
mechanics	tonesani a teheki	N	I.	literally 'science of movement'
mechanisation	vailohi	N	I.	gerund of 'vailo' (to mechanize)
mechanise	vailo	V	MAJ	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
media spokesperson	liotafavimo	N	C.	from 'liotafavi' (publishing, publication) + 'mo' (profession derivation suffix)
mediate	mohomoo	V	MAJ	mohomo (harmony) + o (verb suffix)
medicine	nusaifi	N	C.	from 'nusaifo' (to heal, cure, wake up) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	general, or an entire treatment or cure
medicine	nusaifivo	N	C.	from 'nusaifi' (cure, treatment, science of medicine) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)	a specific drug or other remedy
medicine	nusaifi	N	I.	from 'nusaifo' (to heal, cure, wake up) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
meditate	moo	V	MIN	from mo (to calm), over time the 'o' was lengthened
meditation	moi	N		moo (to meditate) + i (immaterial suffix)
meditation teacher	moomo	N	C.	from 'moo' (to meditate) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
meet	edojo	V	MAJ	from 'edo' (to come, to arrive) + 'joo' (to see)	to meet someone or some people at a given time, not for the first time, and also not as part of a regular activity, either by chance, or intentionally
meet	fuumo	V	MAJ	root	to meet for the first time, to get to know
meet	joo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'joo' (to see)	for regular meetings, especially for groups, societies etc., usually used with adverbs specifying details and/or the reciprocal voice
meet opposition	eto	V	MIN	from 'et' ('antagonistic' against, directed towards the speaker or the person talked about) + 'o' (verb suffix)
meet resistance	eto	V	MIN	from 'et' ('antagonistic' against, directed towards the speaker or the person talked about) + 'o' (verb suffix)
meeting	joohut	N	I.	reciprocal form of 'joo' (here: to meet, assemble regularly)	Any kind of arranged, intentional assembly or meeting of a group. Unlike the 'to assemble' sense of 'joo' this can also refer to irregular or singular meetings.
meeting	edoji	N	I.	from 'edojo' (to find, come across, meet) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	meeting of someone or of or between some people at a given time, not for the first time, and also not as part of a regular activity, either by chance, or intentionally
meeting	edife	N	I.	from 'edi' (arrival) + 'fe' (archaic 'together' adverb)
melancholy	linahohei	N	I.	from 'linaho' (to turn inward, seclude, shut away) + 'he' (reflexive suffix) + 'i' (immaterial abstract suffix)
melancholy	linahohei a altahadovi	N	I.	literally 'melancholy of falling apart'	melancholy at how work put into something, friendships, communities are seemingly or actually slowly falling apart
melodiousness	tesohafe	N	I.	from 'tesoha' (sound, sounds) + 'fe' (archaic 'together', also a derivation suffix)
melody	todehenti	N	I.	from 'todehento' (to follow) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
melt	vanio	V	MAJ	from 'vani' (heat) + 'o' (verb suffix)
melt away	felo	V	MAJ	root
melting	vanihi	N	I.	from 'vani[o]' (to heat, melt) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
member	joomo	N	C.	from 'joo' (here: to meet regularly, to assemble) + 'mo' (permanent agentive suffix)	of a society, party etc.
memorise	nesatilovo	V	MAJ	from 'nesatilo' (to remember) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
memory	nesatilaf	N	I.	from 'nesatila' (a single memory) + 'f' (collective suffix)	Referring to the ability to remember something or the 'place'/part of your mind that stores/has your individual memories. For most Juteans, these aren't attached to a person, they are (a large part of) what makes up a person and their life. Losing your memories is particularly tragic, as it's seen as losing the 'consciousness' and what holds together the defining part of your soul (which is what makes you you, an unique person) and reduces it to a largely vegetative state. Therefore, nothing short of preserving life directly is seen as more important than helping someone regain their memory and sophisticated techniques/therapies have developed over time.
memory	nesatila	N	C.	from 'nesatilo' (to remember) + 'a' (a common noun ending)
memory loss	ilehi a nesatili	N	I.	literally 'inability of remembering'
mental illness	tuved a sainu	N	I.	literally 'evil of subconscious'
mental strength	amivi	N	I.	from 'ami' (work, deed) + 'vi' (enabler derivation suffix)
mention	memo	V	IR	semantic extension of 'memo' (to say)	used with 'nuhe' before the person or people being addressed, and 'a' before the topic or the thing being mentioned. Can also take a direct object such as 'va' (here: part) or 'ji' abstract/immaterial form of 'this', the proximal demonstrative pronoun
menu	hedadon	N	I.	from 'hedado' (to choose, select) + 'n' (place suffix)
meow	nijau	N	C.	imitative
meow	nijauho	V	MIN	from 'nijau' (meow) + 'o' (verb suffix)
mercenary	vettafamo	N	C.	from 'vettaf' (fight) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	someone who fights for personal gains rather than any 'noble' causes or for the defense of their homeland.
merchandise	nejun	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian (/ɲjɯŋ/, merchandise)	particularly used by those involved with international trade and commerce, less by local shopowners etc.
merge	jaso	V	MAJ	root
message	tesohova	N	I.	from 'tesoho' (make a noise, alert, shout) + 'va' (material suffix)	an important message that is written, spoken, or uses some other kind of sound (like an alert or alarm)
message	deki	N	I.	from 'deko' (to hear) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	a spoken message
message	tesohovo	V	MAJ	back formation from 'tesohovamo' (messenger, reporter) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to speak a message or alert people with some other kind of sound
message	tovafi	N	I.	from 'tova' (mail) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	a written message
message	nuudeko	V	MAJ	from 'nuo deki' (give message) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to give a spoken message
messenger	tesohovamo	N	C.	from 'tesohova' (message, alert) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	'tesohovomo' is a variant, but has a stronger connotation of 'announcer'
messenger bag	onkaana	N	C.	from 'onka' (large sealable bag with no handles) + 'kaana' (rope)	referring to backpacks or any larger sealable bag that can be worn on the back or on the shoulder with the help of ropes or strips,
metal	sitiliva	N	C.	from 'sitili' (iron weapons, sword) + 'va' (here: material derivation suffix)
metallurgy	nesani a sitilivade	N	I.	literally 'knowledge of metals'
metalwork	ami ude sitilivade	N	I.	literally 'work with metal'
metaphor	nuakaha	N	I.	from 'nua' (derivation prefix meaning 'that which gives') + 'kahana' (knot)
metaphysics	sahai a vin	N	I.	literally 'philosophy of the sphere of ideas', the sphere of ideas being the name for a home of immaterial and abstract ideas, concepts etc. in traditional Jutean philosophy
meteor	fueda (a vuhifin)	N	I.	from 'fuedo' (to fall) + 'a' (nominalizer), + 'of space'
meteorology	tonesani a saanuhuu	N	I.	literally 'science of sky'
method	toni	N	I.	from 'ton' (path) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
methodically	kie	ADV		from 'ki' (here: order) + 'e' (here: adverb suffix)
metropolis	nonat a haadat	N	C.	literally 'city/town of biggestness'
microphone	vaililumo	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'lumo' (strength, power, loudness)
microscope	vujahivit	N	C.	from 'vunojahivo' (magnifying glass) + 'it' (qualitative augmentative suffix)
microwave	vailivanifi	N	C.	from 'vaili' (tool, machine prefix) + 'vani' (heat, fire) +'fi' (diminutive suffix)	sometimes shortened to 'vailivani'
middle	jeef	N	I.	root
midnight	nikoone	N	I.	from 'nike' (core) + 'oone' (here: night)
midwife	udimuina	N	C.	from 'udimi' (support, help) + 'nuina' (child)
might	lumamo	N	I.	from 'lumo' (power, strength, force) + 'amohi' (doing)
military	hetevi	N	I.	from 'hetevo' (to keep away from) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	used for a defending, 'noble' military, usually the one protecting the speaker's community
military	vettafamof	N	I.	from 'vettafamo' (warrior, fighter) + 'f' (collect suffix)	Used to refer to the military of invading nations, who fight for wealth and/or prestige, not for defensive reasons or for any other 'noble' goal. Sometimes 'vettafami' (attack, assault, invasion) might be used instead.
military equipment	vetafivo	N	C.	from 'vetafa' (war) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
milk	eevuhu	N	C.	semantic extension of 'eevuhu' (juice, sap)	Not for breast milk.
milk	akaviki	N	C.	cognate with NGU 'akawiki', origin unclear
milky sea	saanu a vooni	N	W.	literally 'glowing sea'
mill	neo	V	MAJ	from 'neu' (very fine sand, silt) + 'o' (verb suffix)
mill	kelumvaasa	N	C.	loan from Gfiewish 'glumfasa' (mill), via South Jutean 'kelumuvasa' (mill)
miller	kelumvaasamo	N	C.	from 'kelumvaasa' (mill, windmill) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
millstone	vatakelumvasa	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone prefix) + 'kelumvasa' (mill)
mind	saini a tine	N	I.	literally 'inside mind/person'	when referring specifically to someone's mind or the mind in general as distinct from a person and their body
mind	saini	N	I.	from sai (thought) + n (place suffix) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
mindscape	saani	N	I.	from saa (wave) + n (place suffix) + i (immaterial suffix)
mine	velkeno	V	MAJ	loan from Old Gfiewish 'wregends' (mining tunnel) via South Jutean 'velekene' (mine), equivalent to modern Gfiewish 'rekndsa' (to mine) + 'o' (verb suffix)
mine	velkenon	N	C.	from 'velkeno' (to mine) + 'n' (place suffix)
mineral	vata	N	C.	shortening of 'vuhata' (stone)	can be shortened to 'vat' in some dialects
mining	velkeni	N	I.	from 'velkeno' (to mine) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
minute	vuhavafi	N	I.	from 'vuhava' (hour) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
miracle	ilhomanuki	N	I.	from 'ilhomanuko' (to disbelieve) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
mirage	nankieesa	N	I.	loan from Kavrinian 'nancirhoorsaat' (/ɲɑɲciʀɤ:rsɑ:t/, fata morgana)
misgender	ilninvato	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ninvato' (to gender)
misosaury	etohi a kotidede	N	I.	translating to 'opposition towards Fals', from the gerund of the unergative 'eto' (to meet resistance or opposition) and 'kotid' (Fals)
misplace	tataimo	V	MAJ	from 'to at saini' (go from mind)
miss	deo	V	MAJ	from 'dee' (past, beyond, during)	to not reach an abstract goal (in life etc.)
miss	deo	V	MAJ	from 'dee' (past, beyond, during)	to not hit a physical target or goal (e.g. while shooting, in sports etc.)
miss	dololo	V	MAJ	from 'do' (to feel) + 'lolo' (to lack, be insufficient)
mist	jedu	N	C.	root
mistake	iluki	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'uke' (good, goodness) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
mistreat	dohuo	V	MAJ	root of uncertain origin
mitochondria	tanematifi a lumo	N	C.	literally 'organelle of power'
mix	sedamo	V	MAJ	from 'sedame' (mash, stew, porridge)	see notes for ‘sedami’ (a blend)
mix	keseho	V	MAJ	root	see notes for ‘keseha’ (a blend)
mix in	keseho	V	MAJ	root
mixture	sedami	N	I.	from 'sedame' (porridge, stew) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	if the mixture is a kind of blend of two or more things, forming a new thing where the ingredients are not (easily) distinguishable anymore, e.g. mashed potatoes with blended with other mashed vegetables, as opposed to a blend of herbs
mobile phone	sinivo	N	C.	from 'sino' (here: to call, name) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
modern times	donahohit	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'hohit' (modernity)
modernity	hohit	N	I.	from 'hohi' (newness) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
moistness	unosifi	N	I.	from 'unosi' (wetness) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
molecule	tahadovi a viva	N	I.	literally 'network/connection of atoms'
molecule	nivafi	N	I.	from 'niva' (physical matter) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
moment	doonifi	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
monarchy	lumamo a iki	N	I.	literally 'political/economical power of one'
monarchy	hotuvimon	N	I.	semantic extension of 'hotuvimon' (kingdom)
monk	moinamo	N	C.	from 'moin' (shrine) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
monkey	sumke	N	W.	loan from Tnaaq sunka (/sumkə/, 'monkey')	larger monkeys, apes
monkey	deletu	N	W.	native root	smaller monkeys, lemurs etc.
monopoly	lumamo a iki	N	I.	literally 'political/economical power of one'
monotheism	homanuki a vunam a iki	N	I.	literally 'belief of one god'
monotony	tesohohi a ikihi	N	I.	literally 'sounding of oneness'
monsoon	donale	N	W.	root
monster	datu	N	W.	root	Origin of the augmentative suffix 'at'
month	ooni	N	I.	from 'oone' (moon) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring to the cycle a moon goes through
moon	vuhataat	N	I.	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	Immaterial/abstract/unknown gender since it's in the sphere of the 'unknown', and the gender includes all generic or generally (rather) unknown or unfamiliar things that don't fall into the sphere of the 'wilderness' Rare variant: vuhatat.
moon	oone	N	I.	Extension of 'oone' (Moon, proper noun)	For moons that look similar to the moon of Earth. Immaterial/abstract/unknown gender since it's in the sphere of the 'unknown', and the gender includes all generic or generally (rather) unknown or unfamiliar things that don't fall into the sphere of the 'wilderness'
Moon	oone	PPR		from Middle Jutean 'honex' (moon)
moonlight	voone	N	I.	from 'vuhi' (light) + 'oone' (moon)
mora	nuakilita	N	I.	from 'nua' (prefix translating to 'that which gives') + 'kilita' (length)
moral	ukaini	N		uke (the good, goodness) + saini (mind)
morality	nojivo a ukainide	N	I.	literally 'that with which honor is directed', from 'nojivo' ('nojo' to direct + 'ivo' instrumental suffix) and 'a ukaini' (of morality)
more	haade	ADV		from 'haad' (bigness, size) + 'e' (a common adverb ending)	also used as determiner, pronoun and noun
morning	vunuhi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vunuhi' (dawn)
mortar	neivon	N	C.	from 'neivo' (pestle) + 'n' (place suffix)
mortar	va a haadefade a vuhata	N	C.	literally 'material of stone houses'
mosquito	dusova	N	W.	from 'duso' (to stab, sting, bite into) + 'va' (here: living being suffix)
moss	nuusu	N	C.	root
most	haadate	ADV		from 'haadat' (biggestness) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
most	haadat	DET		extension of 'haadat' (biggestness)
most	haadat	P		extension of 'haadat' (biggestness)
mother	vunamo	V	MAJ
motion	ti	N	I.	from 'to' (to go) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
motivate	vusaifo	V	MAJ	from 'vuno nisaif' (make energy) + 'o' (verb suffix)
mould	mativo	N	C.	from 'mato' (to shape, form) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
mould	mellovi a hes	N	C.	literally 'spoilage of fur'
mountain	hisetu	N	W.	unknown, likely root
mountain pass	tonetun	N	C.	from 'ton' (way) + 'netun' (prison)
mountain range	doavoa	N	W.	root, possibly cognate of 'noaroa' (mountain) in NGU
mourn	usolo	V	MAJ	extension of 'usolo' (to cry)
mourning	usoli	N	I.	from 'usolo' (to mourn, cry, complain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
mouse	isii	N	C.	root	(retconned Tnaaq loan)
moustache	lusaneda	N	C.	from 'lusa' (beard) 'a neda' (of or pertaining to the lip)
mouth	memo	N	C.	from 'mat' (body, body part) + 'hemo' (eat)
move	teheko	V	MAJ	root
move	toho	V	MAJ	from 'to' (go) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to move a home, workplace, a capital etc.
move	vuheo	V	MAJ	related to 'vuha' sun	mostly for astral objects, sometimes for objects in space, rarely for those in the sky except for clouds
move out of the way	letevo	V	MAJ	from 'leto' (to step) + 'eteve' (away from) + 'o' (verb suffix)
movement	ki	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ki' (order, rank, place)	referring to social or political movements that are more about a single or couple topics, and less of an entire 'way of life'
movement	teheki	N	I.	from 'teheko' (to move) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
movie	niooni	N	I.	semantic extension of 'niooni' (dream)		Joo ta niooniti a diaadifede dotovuha. I saw a romance movie yesterday.
much	haad	DET
much	haad	ADV
mud	tuom	N	C.	root
muddle	tuomo	V	MAJ	from 'tuom' (mud) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in the sense of 'confuse or mix up'
muddle	tuomo	V	MAJ	from 'tuom' (mud) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in the sense of 'make muddy'
muddy	tuomo	V	MAJ	from 'tuom' (mud) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in the sense of 'to get mud on'
muddy	tuomo	V	MAJ	from 'tuom' (mud) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in the sense of 'make a mess of or create confusion'	Nuheonuheol tuomohi a vade ude tikkide a hosoi! Don't try to muddy the issue with fancy mathematics!
muffin	hovatuki	N	C.	from 'hova-utuki' (short form of 'hovanefafi a utuki', 'muffin')	Sitti Jutean
muffin	hovanefafi a utuki	N	C.	literally 'small cake of sphericalness'	often shortened to 'hova-utuki'
mug	kisataha	N	C.	from 'kisa' (something that is carved) + '[a] taha' ([of] something that is drunk)	carved mugs, e.g. made from wood
mug	late	N	C.	root
mumble	siviko	V	MAJ	root, onomatopoeic
murder	kiovono	V	MAJ	from 'kiovo' (here: to cut) + 'ni' (life) + 'o' (verb suffix)
murder	kiovoni	N	I.	from 'kiovono' (to murder) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
murderer	kiovonamo	N	C.	from 'kiovono' (to murder) + 'mo' (suffix describing a profession or a permanent characteristic of someone)
murkiness	lomni	N	C.	semantic extension of 'lomni' (coconut oil)	when used as an adjectival noun as in 'jedu a lomni' (murky fog, literally 'fog of murkiness')
muscle	takemat	N	C.	from 'take' (flesh) + 'mat' (body part)
museum	fuumon	N	C.	from 'fuumo' (to meet, get to know, learn about, study, read) + 'n' (place suffix)
mushroom	ujis	N	W.	root
music	tesaaka	N	C.	from 'tesoha a uke' (sound of goodness)
musing	sai	N	I.	from sa[a] (wave) + i (immaterial suffix)
must	teato	AUX	IR	from 'teo' (to need) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	rarely used
must have	teato	V	IR	from 'teo' (to need) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in transitive sentences, but rarely used
muzzle	onekaat	N	C.	from 'oneka' (jaw) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	only used for larger ones, for example of bigger dogs or wild predator animals.
myself	tata	P		reduplication of 'ta' (first person singular pronoun)	emphatic pronoun
mystery	ejoti	N	I.	from 'ejota' (shadow, cover, hideout) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
myth	tahi a ejoti	N	I.	literally 'story of mysteriousness'
mythology	ejotif	N	I.	from 'ejoti' mystery + 'f' collective suffix
nail	hadoneta	N	C.	from 'ho ado mihoneta' (keep at wall)
nail	siifa	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'tipa' (nail [finger/toe])
name	sino	V	MAJ	from 'sina' (name) + 'o' (verb suffix)	In transitive sentences (with namer and recipient of the name specified) the recipient takes the indirect case, and the name the oblique case. In intransitive sentences (namer not specified) recipient and name are both unmarked, the verb syntactically working akin to a copula.
name	sina	N	C.
namely	se	ADV		shortening of 'seo' (to hit the target, to land on a spot)
naming	sini	N	I.	from 'sino' (to name) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
nanny	vuammo	N	C.	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	For non-professional nurses or nannies that aren't hired, but instead do it to help someone, like a friend or family member.
nanny	udimuina	N	C.	from 'udimi' (support, help) + 'nuina' (child)
nap	telko	V	MIN	root
narration	tahimi	N	I.	from 'tahimo' (storyteller) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
narrative	deli	N	I.	from 'delo' (to weave fiber) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
narrow gap	tonetun	N	C.	from 'ton' (way) + 'netun' (prison)
narrow path	tonetun	N	C.	from 'ton' (way) + 'netun' (prison)
narrowly	ialme	ADV		from 'ialma' + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
narrowness	tonetuni	N	I.	from 'ton' (way) + 'netun' (prison) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
nation	vunaman	N	I.	(Semantic loan from Anglish)	the land of a nation, often used to represent it
nation	nonafat	N	C.	from 'nonaf' (here: community) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	The people or the community forming a nation, not the institution/state
nationalise	lihotafo	V	MAJ	from 'lihotafa' (the public) + 'o' (verb suffix)	intransitive meaning: 'be public (knowledge), be intended or owned by the public'
nationalism	sahai a vunaman	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of homeland'
native waters	saava	N	C.	from saa (wave) + va (material suffix)	Usually refers to the coastal waters of the original settlements of the Juteans (and then for that reason mostly only used with a construction clarifying that), but can also be extended to the native waters of other people, fish, ships etc.	No fa an saava a me fa ma. We are in our native waters ('our' not signifying ownership of the waters, but the relationship the speaker has with them)
natural disaster	tuved a havan	N	W.	literally 'evil of nature'
natural order	mohomo	N	I.	probably related to a 'mo' (to calm, pacify) and 'ho' (to keep), so possibly 'kept calming' in the sense of 'uninterrupted non-disturbance [of being/living]'
naturally	havane	ADV		from 'havan' (nature, environment) + 'e' (adverb suffix)	i.e. according to one's own nature, in a natural way
naturalness	havani	N	I.	from 'havan' (wilderness, nature) + 'i' (abstract, immaterial suffix)
nature	havan	N	W.	from 'haran' originating from 'hah' and 'ran' meaning 'outside' and 'danger'	referring only to the wild nature existing on the world, like the jungle, the ocean and so on
nature	noha	N	I.	from 'nohi' (gerund of 'no', 'to be') + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Zero derivation that changes the noun class from common to immaterial/abstract
navel	sot	N	C.	root
near	nav	ADP
nearly	letoe	ADV		from 'letolo' (to approach) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
nearness	navi	N	I.	from 'nav' (by, near, beside) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
nebula	kaneles	N	I.	loan from Kavrinian 'känreez' (/kæɲre:z/, 'nebula')
neck	eku	N	C.	root
necklace	tadekufi a nusaifomo	N	C.	literally 'necklace of healer'	necklace worn by medical staff on Jute
necklace	tadekufi	N	C.	from 'ejotadeku' (scarf, kerchief, neckpiece) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
need	teo	V	IR	root	This meaning is ergative, translated in transitive sentences as 'need sth. or so.', and 'be needed (to do)' in intransitive sentences. In intransitive sentences gerunds are, like with other syntactically similarly working words such as 'memo' or 'saiho', introduced by 'tine' (into, inside). It can also be used as auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'need (so.) to do sth.') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be needed to do' or 'need to do' depending on context).
need	tehi	N	I.	from 'teo' (to need) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	'need for' is translated as 'tehi li'
needle	dalkivo	N	C.	from 'dalko' (to sew, stitch together) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	mostly referring to the needle used to sew things together
negate	allo	V	MAJ	from 'ali' (negation, rejection) + 'o' (verb suffix), with the 'l' becoming geminated
negation	ali	N	I.	from 'al' (negation particle) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
negotiate	tahoo ... dee	V	MAJ	literally 'talk past sth.' in the sense of talking 'past' or through a topic to get to some result	The direct object is whatever is being discussed or negotiated.
negotiation	tahodeehi	N	I.	from 'tahoo ... dee' (to discuss, negotiate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
neighbour	navammo	N	C.	from 'nav' (by, near, beside) + 'n' (place suffix) + 'mo' ('occupation' suffix)
neoliberalism	sahai a hokoni u kivi usivu	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of rights and less rules'	the ‘political philosophy of rights and less rules’ is a smaller political tendency on Jute as well
nerve	matafin	N	C.	from 'mat' (body part) + Achiyitqan 'pin' (/pɪn/, nerve)
nerve	kaanatake a hoojohi	N	C.	literally 'tendon of feeling'
nervous system	matafinaf	N	C.	from 'matafin' (nerve) + 'f' (collective suffix)
nervousness	sehukatidi	N	I.	from 'sehukati' (a worry) + 'di' (feeling, here acting as a suffix)
nest	nanufi	N	W.	from 'nanu' (habitat) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
network	tahadovi	N	I.	extension of 'tahadovi' (connection)
neutron	kesomek	N	I.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) qsóhmek (neutron)
never	idatel	ADV		from 'idate' (some day) + 'l' (negation suffix)	when talking about the future, 'dotel' for a 'never' referring to the past
never	dotel	ADV		from 'dote' (once, earlier) + 'l' (negating suffix)
newness	hohi	N	I.	root, origin currently unknown
news	dekihohi	N	I.	from 'deki' (message) + 'hohi' (newness)
newsletter	hotif a dekihohi	N	C.	literally 'letter of news'
newspaper	hotif a dekihohi	N	C.	literally 'letter of news'
next	todentii	N	I.	from the adverb/adposition 'todentije' (next) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
next	todentije	ADP		from 'todehentohi' (gerundive form of 'to follow') + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction suffix)	alternate, older and longer form: 'todentohije' Usually a postposition.
next	todentije	ADV		from 'todehentohi' (gerundive form of 'to follow') + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction suffix)	alternate, older and longer form: todentohije
next time	doonava a todehentije	ADV		literally 'instance of following'	spelling variants: 'doonava a todentije', ‘doonava todentohije’, ‘donava todent(o)ije’
next to	unde	ADP		from 'unda' (hip, side) + 'e' (here: adposition suffix)
nibling	nuinanulua	N	C.	from 'nuina a nuluade', literally 'child of sibling'
niceness	uke	N	I.	root
night	ooniva	N	I.	from 'ooni' (moon-cycle, month) + 'va' (material, 'unseparated part' suffix)	when talking about nights in general, this is more commonly used
night	oone	N	I.
night sky	vuhifin	N	C.	from 'vuhifi' (star) + 'n' (place suffix)	referring to a sky that isn't cloudy, when stars are visible
nightmare	netuuni a oone	N	I.	literally '(mental) prison of (the) night'
nightstand	uilanav	N	C.	from 'uila' (shelf) + 'nav' (near)
nine	kiif-du	NUM
ninety-nine	sema manhaadi u du-kiif du	NUM		since it's base-5, it literally means 'three twenty-five and four-fives four'
nitrogen	vi a sujode	N	I.	'element of' + a loan from Achiyitqan, 'suyóde' (/sujóde/, 'nitrogen')
no	Not al ji	I		literally 'this shall not be'	Part of the humble or formal speech register.
no	alal	I		reduplication of 'al' (negation particle/suffix)	Neutral
no one	sainikil	P		from 'sainiki' (someone) + 'l' (negating suffix)
nobility	netummo	N	C.	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'mo' (agentive derivation suffix)	anyone living voluntarily in or behind walls or walled buildings
noise	laami	N	I.	from 'laamo' (here: to make noise) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
noise at work	laama	N	C.	from 'laamo' (here: to make noise) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
nomenclature	vaaki a sinide	N	I.	simple compound literally meaning 'system of naming'
non-stop	ivute	ADV		from 'ilvuti' (stop) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix). The 'l' was lost over time.
none	ilaf	P	C.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'af' (all common things)
none	ilefi	P	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'efi' (all abstract/immaterial things)	also used as a general term, when referring to both common and abstract/immaterial things or when referring to nothing in particular
noodle	sikulunea	N	C.	from 'sikulu' (string, twig) + 'nea' (flour)
noon	daa	N	I.	root, unknown origin
nor	emel	C		from 'em' (or) + 'l' (negating suffix)
normalcy	ninvi	N	I.	from 'ninva' (place, one's place in the world) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
north	dolen	N	I.	root
northward	lidaa	ADV		from 'li' (to, towards) + 'daa' (noon)
nose	ena	N	C.	root
nostril	foana	N	C.	from 'foa' (here: opening) + 'ena' (nose)
not anymore	hehel	ADV		from 'hehe' (still) + 'l' (negation suffix)
not have given in	ildeso	V	MIN	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'deso' (to bend)
note	tesakava	N	C.	from 'tesaaka' (music) + 'va' (material)
note	efino	V	MAJ	from 'efinav' (abstract around) + 'o' (verb suffix)	with colors, in digital environments, in the sense of 'mark my words' or similar
nothing	kiovel	P	C.	from 'kiove' (something known/common) + 'l' (negating suffix)	Used to refer to known, graspable things.
nothing	kiovihel	P	I.	from 'kiovihe' (something abstract/immaterial) + 'l' (negating suffix)	referring to abstract and unknown things (that aren't wilderness-related)
nothing	kivuhel	P	W.	from 'kiovuhe' (something wilderness-related) + 'l' (negating suffix)	older variant 'kiovuhel' still is sometimes used, too
nothingness	nuuvu	N	I.	root
nothingness	kiovili	N	I.	from 'kiovihel' (pronoun meaning 'unknown/abstract nothing') + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix to denote an idea/concept)
notice	aso	V	MAJ	root
noun	nojivi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'nojivi' (identifier, immaterial label)
nourish	nuvuhomo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'heme' (food) + 'o' (verb suffix)
novel	tahihaad a hotiohi	N	C.	literally 'epic of writing'
now	hei	N	I.	from 'he' (now) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
now	he	ADV
nowadays	henuhe	ADV		hen + uh + he (here + and + now)
number	kihi	N	I.	from 'ki' (order) + 'hi' (abstraction suffix when the original word already ends in 'i')
number	kihi	N	I.	from 'ki' (order) + 'hi' (abstraction suffix when the original word already ends in 'i')
nurse	mudasonomo	N	C.	from 'mudason' (hospital) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	in a hospital
nurser	sehukumo	N	C.	from 'sehuko' (here: to care) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
nursery	udimuinan	N	C.	from 'udimuina' (midwife, nanny) + 'n' (place suffix)
nurture	vunamo	V	MAJ		Used when talking about bringing up children as a parent or parent-like figure
nurture	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for plants or inanimate things
nurture	nuvuhomo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'heme' (food) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for children or animals, especially for people who are not the parent or a parent-like figure
nurturer	nuvuhomo	N	C.	from 'nuvuhomo' (to nurture) + 'mo' (derivation suffix denoting a profession, characteristic or role) Over time, the 'momo' part reduced to 'mo' again.
nurturer	sehukumo	N	C.	from 'sehuko' (here: to care) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Someone who raises children as their own.
nut	uala	N	C.	root	Tree nuts, not including peanuts or coconuts.
nut butter	unosi	N	C.	semantic extension of 'unosi' (wetness)	a spread used for sandwiches etc.
nutrition	nuvuhomi	N	I.	from 'nuvuhomo' (to nourish, nurture) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
oak	vintu	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'binttu' (/bɪnt:u/, oak)
oar	jene	N	C.	root
oasis	saaval a nuuvun	N	C.	literally 'island of desert'
oat	ahet	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'áhet' (/ˈá.hɛt̚/, 'oat')
object	amanoha	N	C.	from 'a manohi' (that which is touched or handled) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
obligation	aminui	N	I.	from 'ami a nuohi' (given work, job)
obscure	ejoto	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'ejoto' (to cover, cast a shadow)
observation	asoi	N	I.	from 'asohi' (the gerund of 'aso', to look at, witness, notice)	Not used for observation of smaller things, animals or plants, but more for observations of bigger places or events.
observation	hujota	N	I.	from 'hujooto' (to observe) + 'a' (a noun suffix)
observe	hujooto	V	MAJ	from 'hujoo' (to watch) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
obsidian	vuhata a hisetuvan	N	W.	literally 'stone of volcano'
obsidian	vatahisetuvan	N	W.	from 'vata' (stone prefix) + 'hisetuvan' (volcano)
obstacle	vutani	N	I.	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'ni' (life)	figurative obstacle
obtain	hokehuto ... a	V	MAJ	literally 'trade ... from'	obtain something from someone via trade, that which is obtained becomes the direct object, and the trade partner or partners are an indirect object preceded by 'a' (here: from)
obtain	edojo	V	MAJ	from 'edo' (to come, to arrive) + 'joo' (to see)	For things you found, usually by chance, in the outside world (that didn't already belong to someone), not for abstract things like ranks, titles, positions or similar things.
obtain	evoto	V	MAJ	semantic extension, originating in the sense of 'receiving/borrowing something from nature'	For natural resources and other things obtained from nature.
obtain	sundo	V	MAJ	root	of something which has a known location
obviously	ehe vunojomo vuhi	PHR		literal translation: "as shows light"	Originally meant simply 'naturally', nowadays the use as idiom is more common. Separated with a comma from the sentence that follows the phrase. Often the agentive trigger marking -mo is omitted, as it's a fixed phrase with well-known meaning, which are known to lose bound morphemes in Jutean. Also can mean 'as is/will be plainly visible', or more frequently 'of course'.
occupation	amini	N	I.	from 'amin' (workplace) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
occupy	hotuvo	V	MAJ	extension of 'hotuvo' (keep down, suppress, stifle)
ocean	saanuahad	N	W.	from saa (wave) + n (place suffix) + u (wilderness suffix) + a (of) + haad (bigness)
ocean	saanuva	N	W.	from saanu + va (material suffix)	water and everything in it (in the deeper sea)
ocean current	sau tune ... (saanuahad a)...	N	W.	literally 'ocean wave in (the ocean surface of)'	instead of 'tune' (in, inside) 'sohuhe' (below) can also be used
ocean surface	saanuahad	N	W.	from saa (wave) + n (place suffix) + u (wilderness suffix) + a (of) + haad (bigness)
ocean water	sauva	N	W.	from sau (ocean wave) + va (material suffix)	referring to ocean water, and only the water
ocean wave	sau	N	W.	from sa[a] (wave) + u (wilderness suffix)
oceanography	tonesani a saanuva	N	I.	literally 'science of ocean-depths'	not covering waves (see 'tonesani a saa' for that)
octopus	mekoimatta	N	W.	unknown, but probably partially from 'matta' (foot, feet)
oddity	ilninvi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite derivation prefix) + 'ninvi' (orderliness, order, normalcy)
oddness	ilninvi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite derivation prefix) + 'ninvi' (orderliness, order, normalcy)
odour	doneni	N	I.	from 'doni' (perception) + 'ena' (nose) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
of	a	ADP
of course	hujote	ADV		from 'hujota' (observation) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
of course	ehe vunojomo vuhi	PHR		literal translation: "as shows light"	Originally meant simply 'naturally', nowadays the use as idiom is more common. Separated with a comma from the sentence that follows the phrase. Often the agentive trigger marking -mo is omitted, as it's a fixed phrase with well-known meaning, which are known to lose bound morphemes in Jutean. Also can mean 'as is/will be plainly visible', sometimes also 'obviously'.
off	oove	ADV		from 'ooniva' (night) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
offer	hokedo	V	MAJ	zero derivation from 'hokedo' (in exchange for)
office	amini	N	I.	from 'amin' (workplace) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	position with power and responsibility in a public or private institution
office	amin	N	C.	from 'ami' (work, job, duty) + 'n' (place suffix)	referring to the room, not the enterprise/institution/etc. itself
office block	doviat	N	C.	from 'dovi' (tower, tree-like high structure) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
office block	aminat	N	C.	from 'amin' (workplace, business) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
office block	dovi a amin	N	C.	literally 'tower of business'
often	donaadat	ADV		from 'dona' (time of) + 'haadat' (here: a lot)
oh yeah?	memo?	I		literally 'say [what]?' or '[You] said [what]?', in the sense of 'Did you [just] really say/mean that?'	calling a statement into question, expressing surprise or disbelief, as in 'Did you [just] really say/mean that?'
oil	menesa nuhe favide	N	C.	literally 'oil for cooking'	usually shortened to 'menesa' if the context makes it obvious.
oil	menesa	N	C.	root of unknown origin
old times	niadona	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'adona' (ancestor)	can refer to certain times or events in the past
old times	niadoni	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'adoni' (ancestors in general, society before now)	referring to the times of ancestors in general, so not any kind of recent past
oldness	nihaa	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'haad' (bigness)
omelette	sedame a fiva	N	C.	literally 'mash of egg'
omen	vunoji	N	I.	from 'vunojo' (to show) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
on	vue	ADV		from 'vuhi' (day) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
on	ove	ADP		from 'ova' (top) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
on	jove	ADP	C.	from 'li' (to) + 'ove' (on top of)	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'common' gender.
on	jovu	ADP	W.	from 'jove' (on, onto) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'wilderness' gender.
on	jovie	ADP	I.	from 'jove' (on, onto) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'immaterial/abstract' gender.
on top of	ove	ADP		from 'ova' (top) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
on top of each other	masove	ADP		from 'maso' (lie, lay) + 'ove' (on top of)
once	dote	ADV		from 'do[ni]ti' + 'e' (a adverb/preposition ending)	standard indicator for past tense if the exact time is unknown
once upon a time	hadote	ADV		from 'haad' (bigness, much, many) + 'dote' (once)	Can, separated by a comma, stand at the beginning of a sentence.
one	iki	NUM		originally from tik (branch), 't' disappeared, 'i' added to show immaterial/abstract gender
one hundred twenty-five	hadati	NUM		from 'haadat' (biggestness) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	base-5 equivalent to 1000
one million nine hundred fifty-three thousand one hundred twenty-five	evokihivat	NUM		from 'evokihif' (base-5 equivalent of a million) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	1 000 000 000 in base-5, 1 953 125 in base-10.
online	huuve	ADV		from 'huuva' (bird) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)	Has its origin in the (still existing) carrier bird/pigeon networks existing in Jute/South Jute. Also is used to mean 'while being connected/through connections'
onliness	iki	N	I.
only	netie	ADV		from 'neti' (here: limit) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
only just	ialme	ADV		from 'ialma' + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
onto	jove	ADP	C.	from 'li' (to) + 'ove' (on top of)	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'common' gender.
onto	jovie	ADP	I.	from 'jove' (on, onto) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'immaterial/abstract' gender.
onto	jovu	ADP	W.	from 'jove' (on, onto) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	for dynamic verbs, not descriptions of states. Used with nouns that have the 'wilderness' gender.
onto the left of	lunde	ADP		from 'li' (to, towards) + 'unda' (side, hip) + 'e' (here: adposition suffix)
onto the right of	lunde	ADP		from 'li' (to, towards) + 'unda' (side, hip) + 'e' (here: adposition suffix)
onward	te	ADV		from 'to' (go) + 'e' (an adverb/preposition suffix)
onwards	te	ADV		from 'to' (go) + 'e' (an adverb/preposition suffix)
open	foo	V	IR	root	This meaning is ergative, 'to open' in transitive sentences, 'be opened' in intransitive sentences.
open land	foin	N	I.	from 'foi' (freedom, openness, independence, lack of chains or boundaries) + 'n' (place suffix)	Also used for other land with no man-made boundaries such as walls, borders in sight, i.e. jungles, mountains etc.
open sea	saanu	N	W.	from saa (wave) + n (place suffix) + u (wilderness suffix)
opening	foa	N	C.	from 'foo' (to open) + 'a' (a noun ending)
openness	foi	N	I.	from 'foo' (to open) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	physical freedom, as for example the freedom to roam, or the lack of (metaphorical) chains that would prevent you from doing that
opine	vuato	V	MAJ	from 'vuati' (weight) + 'o' (verb suffix)
opinion	tesoami	N	I.	from 'tesoama' (voice) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
opportunity	hokoni	N	I.	from 'hokono' ('life allows', be in the right circumstances to do something) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
oppose	tehomo	V	MAJ	from 'tehomo' (rebel, fighter condoned by the speaker)	particularly strong opposition, especially political, that is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
oppose	iltano	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tano' (take in)
oppose	vuato te	V	T	literally 'weigh/opine against'
opposite	dee	ADV		possibly related to 'dooni' (time) ?
oppositely	teute	ADV		from 'teut' (conflict, clash) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
opposition	eti	N	I.	from 'eto' (to meet resistance, opposition) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Using 'eti' implies disapproval of the opposition, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
opposition	tehomi	N	I.	from 'tehomo' (fighter, rebel) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	opposition that is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
oppress	lumadoo	V	MAJ	from 'lumadou' (oppression by force) + 'o' (verb suffix)
oppress	noito motevo	V	MAJ	literally 'force to be quiet'
oppress	dohuo	V	MAJ	root of uncertain origin
oppress	hotuvo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (keep) + 'tuuve' (down, downwards) + 'o' (verb suffix)
oppression	hotuvimi	N	I.	from 'hotuvimo' (here: oppressor, dictator, tyrant) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
oppression	lumadou	N	I.	from 'luma' (here: force, power) + 'a doohu' (of wrongness, injustice)	Oppression by force.
oppression	hotuvi	N	I.	from 'hotuvo' (oppress, suppress, stifle) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
oppressor	dohuomo	N	C.	from 'dohuo' (to abuse, mistreat, oppress) + 'mo' ('profession'/persistent state suffix)
oppressor	hotuvimo	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
optics	nesaniva a vuhi	N	I.	literally 'physics of light'	referring to the branch of physics dealing with light
option	hedadi	N	I.	from 'hedado' (choose, select) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
or	em	C		root
or	emal	C		from 'em' (or) + 'al' (negating suffix)	introducing a leading question, expecting 'no'.	'Emal no na vandimo, haa?' You aren't a coward, are you?/Or are you a coward after all?
oracle	tahivahanimo	N	C.	from 'tahivahani' ('deep' spiritual, religious or philosophical truths) + 'mo' ('profession' derivation suffix)	referring to a person, not a place
orange	kamaluun	N	C.	from 'kama' (fruit) + 'luun' (loan from Mbamigi, 'luun', /lu:n/, 'orange')
orange juice	eevuhu a kamaluun	N	C.	literally 'juice of orange'
orator	tahivomo	N	C.	from 'tahivo' (to speak) + 'mo' (profession derivation suffix)	someone whose profession is, or includes, holding speeches
orbit	letaf a vuhifin	N	I.	literally 'trip of space'
orbit	letafo in vuhifinede	V	MIN	literally 'to travel in space'
order	kio	V	MAJ	ki (order) + o (verb suffix)
order	lumadoo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'lumadoo' (to command)	referring to giving orders, or commanding
order	ninvi	N	I.	from 'ninva' (place, one's place in the world) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
order	ki	N	I.
order	lumadoi	N	I.	from 'lumadoo' (to command) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
orderliness	ninvi	N	I.	from 'ninva' (place, one's place in the world) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
orderly fashion	ki	N	I.
ore	eva	N	C.	probably from a clipping of 'dovevo' (lumber) + 'a' (common noun suffix), similar to the origin of the '-evo' suffix	Ore that has already been obtained, not ore that is still in deposits.
ore	tusaheva	N	C.	from 'tusa' (silver) + 'eva' (here: mined, naturally occurring ore or alloy)	referring to natural alloys containing silver that have been mined or obtained some other way or any kind of silver ore (e.g. Acanthite)
organ	tanemat	N	C.	from 'tane' (inside) + 'mat' (body, body part)	rare variant: tamemat
organelle	tanematifi	N	C.	from 'tanemat' (organ) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
organisation	iti	N	I.	from 'ito' (here: to classify, organize, sort) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	organization of documents, information, for internal purposes
organisation	mihonafi	N	I.	from 'mihonafa' (community hall) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	national or international ones
organise	asijovo	V	MAJ	from 'asijo' (to take place, be held) + 'vo' (causative suffix)	to organize and run an event or similar
organise	kio	V	MAJ	ki (order) + o (verb suffix)	to organize things needed for a procedure, operation or task, either at work or for a public event
organise	ito	V	MAJ	from 'ite' (group, row) + 'o' (verb suffix)	data, documents, records etc. for internal purposes or at a public archive
organise	jufino	V	MAJ	from 'jufin' (household) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to keep a business or a household organized
organiser	kivo	N	C.	from 'ki' (order) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	any smaller physical objects that are used for ordering or organizing of a large amount of things, such as tabs in folders or separators in a bookshelf. Not for things of which you usually only use one, like a personal organizer, or for things that organize by means of collecting or binding things together, like a folder or staples.
origin	nike	N	C.	semantic extension of 'nike' (botanical seed)	used when talking about the origin of life in general, especially forests, plants and such
origin	niki	N	I.	from 'nike' (botanical seed) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
originate	niko	V	MAJ	from 'nike' (seed) + 'o' (verb suffix)
other	ilehi	N	I.	from 'ilehe' (unlike) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	literally 'unlikeness'
other	fal	N	I.	semantic extension of 'fal' (collective they)	when referring to 'the other' in sociological/political contexts, e.g. when talking about a 'they vs. us' mentality
otherness	ilehi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ilehi' (difference, change, the other)
otherness	sainahai	N	I.	semantic extension of 'sainahai' (outsider)	Often meant to be 'otherness' in the sense of 'exoticness', so it usually has a more positive connotation than in e.g. English.
ought to	teo	AUX	IR	semantic extension of 'teo' (to need)	This auxiliary meaning is used in intransitive sentences with several verbs and is an alternative to translating 'teo' in that context as 'need to, be needed to do sth.' Only context differentiates. Teo sao ta. – I need to swim. / I ought to swim. Teo haado ta hosomati. – I need to grow bananas. / I am needed to grow bananas. / I ought to grow bananas. Teo haado ta he na hosomati. – I need you to grow bananas.
ourselves	fafa	P		reduplication of 'fa' (inclusive first person plural and collective pronoun)	emphatic pronoun, inclusive first person plural and collective
oust	ilvuato	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'vuato' (weigh, lay weight on)
out	haji	ADP	I.	from 'ha' (outside, far away), + 'ji' (this, proximal, common gender)	for near things, abstract/immaterial gender
out	haja	ADP	C.	from 'ha' (outside, far away), + 'ja' (this, proximal, common gender)	for near locations, common gender
out	haju	ADP	W.	from 'ha' (outside, far away), + 'ji' (this, proximal, wilderness gender)	for near locations, wilderness gender
out of	oda	ADP	C.	unknown	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
out of	odi	ADP	I.	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
out of	odu	ADP	W.	from 'oda' (out of, from) + 'u' (wilderness gender suffix)	referring for example to the source of something (e.g. 'from a book') or the substances/concepts/etc. used to create or bring forth something ('out of thin air') Consonant assimilates when used to derive words, for example 'oda' + 'lumo' (force, power) = archaic 'ollumo', modern 'olumo' (to erect, edify, create with your own power, not indirectly)
out of nowhere	tatiovenale	ADV		from 'tatiovenalo' (to sneak, be stealthy) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
out there	efinav	ADV		probably from 'efi' (all, immaterial/abstract things) + 'nav' (by, near)	in unspecified locations
outdoors	hau	N	W.	from 'ha' (outside [adverb])+ 'u' (wilderness gender)
outdoors	ha	ADV
outlaw	ilhoko	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hoko' (allow)
outlaw	ilhokomo	N	C.	from 'ilhoko' (to outlaw, ban, break the law) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	someone with a criminal career, an unrepentant criminal
outside	ha	ADP
outside	hai	N	I.	from 'ha' (outside [adverb])+ 'i' (immaterial/abstract gender)	when speaking of 'the outside' in general
outside	ha	ADV
outside	tohene	ADV		semantic extension of 'tohene' (back, back to)	meaning 'towards the outside' used with dynamic verbs, like 'to go (back)', used e.g. when visiting foreign buildings or structures
outsider	sainahai	N	C.	from 'saini a hai' (person of outside)	/sɐinɐhɐi/ is also correct, but not used much and sounds very formal to ears of native speakers.
outwards	hea	ADV		related to 'ha' (outside, far away)	originally for near locations, but also used humorously for far away locations. Dialectically also used in some other situations that are neither particularly far away nor close (e.g. outwards, on the open sea, or outwards, down the river), especially in South Jute
outwit	hajeheo	V	MAJ	from 'hajeo' (be smart, plan, plot) + hea (away) + o (verb suffix)
oval	toloki	N	C.	from 'toloka' (mango)
oven	honvanon	N	C.	from 'honvano' (to bake) + 'n' (place suffix)	used to refer to an oven/ovens in general specifically (rather than 'fevon', which is more generic)
oven	favon	N	C.	from 'favo' (to cook) + 'n' (place suffix)	rarely used, usually to mean 'stove and oven' then
over	ove	ADP		from 'ova' (top) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
over	noohe	ADP		root	used in comparisons, e.g. when saying something is at a higher level, unless it's at the highest level possible, in which case 'ove' (on, on top of, over) is used
overcast day where everything is gray and dim and colors are muted and the sky feels heavy	vuhal	N	C.	from 'vuha' (here: sun) + 'l' (negation suffix)
overcome	loto	V	MAJ	root
overhaul	ukeo	V	MAJ	from 'ukea' (betterness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to improving something that was good or at least in an acceptable state to begin with
overlook	dejo	V	MAJ	from 'deo' (to miss) + 'joo' (to see)
overpower	lumoo dee	V	MAJ	literally 'to force past'
overpowering	lumodee	N	I.	from 'lumo dee' (to overpower, to overwhelm)
overrule	deo	V	MAJ	from 'dee' (past, beyond, during)
overshare	tavuo eeovolati nonafede a navammo	V	MAJ	literally 'take trash to neighboring settlements'	Full definition: 'talk about private problems behind the back of your family and community, thereby embarrassing them in front of strangers' Can be turned intransitive by removing the indirect case suffix -ti from 'eeovolati' and leaving out the agent.
overthrow	ijoto ... hea	V	MAJ	'throw ... away'	the 'hea' appears as adverb after the objects, but before temporal or local adverbs
overview	asoi	N	I.	from 'asohi' (the gerund of 'aso', to look at, witness, notice)
overwhelm	lumoo dee	V	MAJ	literally 'to force past'
overwhelming smell	doneni a lumodee	N	I.	literally 'smell of overwhelming'
owl	lutaama	N	W.	root
oxygen	vi a tiseei	N	I.	literally 'element of burnability'
oyster	ufede	N	C.	unknown, research ongoing
pacify	mo	V	MAJ	root
pack	jufu	N	W.	from 'jufi' (family) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	for wild animals only
package	fudo	V	MAJ	root
packaging	desofena	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to wrap) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	usually more loose packaging made of fabric or some other easily removable material
packaging	fuda	N	C.	from 'fudo' (to cover tightly, envelop) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	usually referring to tighter packaging that is glued on or tied together, made from e.g. paper, plastic or cardboard
paddle	jeneleke	N	C.	from 'jene' (oar) + 'leke' (two)
page	najaseli	N	I.	from 'najasela' (a print, printed page, magazine or leaflet) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	a page on a computer screen or similar
pain	holdo	V	MAJ	from 'holde' (pain) + 'o' (verb suffix)	meaning used in transitive sentences
pain	holde	N	I.	root
paint	johatono	V	MAJ	from 'joho ... a toni' (to paint sth. stylistic)	for paintings and similar
paint	joho	V	MAJ	from 'johi' (color) + 'o' (verb suffix)
painting	johatonefa	N	C.	from 'johatono' (to paint) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)
pair	liiki	N	I.	from 'liiki' (older form of 'leke', two)
pal	udima	N	C.	from 'udimo' (to help) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Slang
palace	sonejevo	N	C.	loan from Ekuostian 'sonegíero' [s̪ʌn̪eʝerʌ] (palace)
pancake	kelamafi	N	C.	from 'kelama' (a plain) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
pancreas	nuatahava a velu	N	C.	literally 'gland of stomach'
paper	ikoma	N	C.	semantic extension of 'ikoma' (leaf of a tree)
paper	fase	N	C.	borrowing of Achiyitqan (ACY) 'pase' (paper)	Sitti Jutean
paper	ikoma a jehiooni	N	C.	literally 'leaf of white'
paper	jehiooni nuhe hotiohi	N	C.	literally 'whiteness for writing'	Poetic
paradise nut	dunata	N	C.	root
paragraph	hotiohiva	N	I.	from 'hotiohi' (writing) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
paralyse	molo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'molo' (to club, to stun)
paranoia	vandi a toovaihi	N	I.	literally 'fear of hunting [being hunted]'	only 'vandi' declines, so IDR. would be 'vanditi a toovaihi' and OBL. 'vandide a toovaihi'
parcel	tova	N	C.	from 'tovo' (to send) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
parent	vunam	N	C.
parent	vunamo	V	MAJ	vunam (parent) + o (verb suffix)
parenthood	vunami	N	I.	vunam (parent) + i (abstract suffix)	referring to the concept of being a parent in general, hence abstract gender
parenting	vunami	N	I.	vunam (parent) + i (abstract suffix)	referring to the concept of being a parent in general, hence abstract gender
park	safan a nonat	N	C.	literally 'mangrove forest of town/city'	A park with mangrove trees, for example at the beach. Alternatively, 'safan a sitti' can be used, especially when talking about the biggest town on Jute, Sitti.
park	dovan a nonat	N	C.	literally 'grove of town/city'	alternatively, 'dovan a sitti' can be used, especially when talking about the biggest town on Jute, Sitti.
parka	muuvit	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'muubiwd' (/mu:bɪwd/, 'parka')
parliament	haadon a kiasaimake	N	C.	literally 'farm of law'
parliament	mihonafi a kiasaimake	N	I.	literally 'assembly of law'	referring to the institution or the people as a group, only used for regional, national or international lawmaking assemblies, not for local ones
parliament	haadon a kiasaimake	N	C.	literally 'farm of law'	referring to the building
parody	tahi a mello	N	I.	literally 'story of prank'
part	va	N	C.	root, like the other meanings of 'va'
part	kiovo	V	MAJ	from 'kio' (to put in order, sort) and 'va' (stuff, known thing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
part	kiovi	N	C.,I.	from 'kiovo' (to share, part) + i (abstract suffix)	referring to familiar, abstract and unknown/unknowable things, but not wild/dangerous ones
part	kiovu	N	W.	from 'kiovo' (to share, part) + u (wilderness suffix)	referring to wild/dangerous things, for example in a jungle
part	kiovi	N	C.,I.	from 'kiovo' (to share, part) + i (abstract suffix)
part of a load	onkifi	N	I.	from 'onki' (here: filling) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
partially	kiove	ADV		from 'kiovi' (separated part) + 'e' (an common adverb suffix)
participant	movodonohe	N	C.	formed with 'mo- -he' (temporary agentive derivation circumfix) + 'vodoono' (to participate)	for activities, like jobs, traveling, rather than for events or meetings
participant	mojoohe	N	C.	formed with 'mo- -he' (temporary agentive derivation circumfix) + 'joo' (here: to meet, attend)
participate	vodoono	V	MIN	from 'vo' (to use) + 'dooni' (time) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes the adposition 'nuhe' (for)
particle	vifi	N	I.	from 'vi' (matter, stuff, thing) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
particularly	ovefe	ADV		from 'ove' (on top of) + 'af' (all) + 'e' (a common adverb/preposition/conjunction suffix)
partner	nodesaina	N	C.	no (live) + ude (with) + saini (mind, person) + a (common gender suffix)
partnership	nani	N	I.	from 'nano' (live together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Referring to two people living together as partners. Often romantic, but not necessarily so, can also be for pragmatic reasons.
party	kahana a nojinonaf	N	C.	literally 'group of politics'	any sort of political association of like-minded people, not just parties
pass	deo	V	MAJ	from 'dee' (past, beyond, during)
pass on	tovo mekohe	V	MAJ	literally 'to send further'
pass on	tovo mekohe	V	MAJ	literally 'to send further'
passenger	moletafohe	N	C.	formed with 'mo- -he' (temporary agentive derivation circumfix) + 'letafo' (to travel)
passion	vanoimat	N	I.	from 'vano' (to burn, be wild, passionate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix) + 'mat' (body)
passion	vanoi	N	I.	from 'vano' (to burn, be wild, passionate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
passionately	vane	ADV		from 'vano' (to burn, be wild, passionate) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
passive voice	toni a tahivide a nohi	N	I.	literally 'way of writing of being'
passport	sinivo	N	C.	from 'sina' (name) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
password	hotajoti	N	I.	from 'hoti a ejoti' (hidden line, sentence)
past	niadoni	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'adoni' (ancestors in general, society before now)	referring to the times of ancestors in general, so not any kind of recent past
past	niadona	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'adona' (ancestor)	can refer to certain times or events in the past
past	dee	ADP		possibly related to 'dooni' (time) ?	Usage notes: 1) spatial: 'beyond a place' (adposition) 2) spatial: 'at the other side of' (adposition) 3) spatial/abstract: missing something (adposition/adverb) 4) spatial: 'somewhere in or on a place to be traversed' (adposition/adverb) 5) temporal 'happening during the passing of a point in time' (adposition)
past	doniti	N	I.	dooni (time) + to (to go) + i (abstract/immaterial suffix)
past	noohe	ADP		root	When the location being referred to is at a higher level,or moves to it, e.g. a road moving past a village up a mountain
pasta	sikulunea	N	C.	from 'sikulu' (string, twig) + 'nea' (flour)
paste	unosi	N	C.	semantic extension of 'unosi' (wetness)	a spread used for sandwiches etc.
pastry	setufi	N	C.	from 'setu' (hill) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix) after the similar shape of the baked good	any kind of small and round baked good
pasture	nanu a amova	N	C.	literally 'habitat of farm animals'
patch	ukkovo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'ukkovo' (to fix)
path	ton	N	C.	from 'to' (go) + 'n' (place suffix)
pathogen	nualikimat	N	I.	from 'nua' ('giver' prefix) + 'ilikimat' (illness)
patient	ilikimona	N	C.	from 'ilikimo' (here: to suffer) + 'na' (patientive derivation suffix)
pattern	kamotilo	V	MAJ	from 'kamotili' (a pattern) + 'o' (verb suffix)
pattern	kamotili	N	I.	from 'ki' order + 'amotilohi' repeating
pause	mihoni	N	I.	from 'mihono' (to relax) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
pause	ilvutifo	V	MAJ	from 'ilvutifi' (a pause) + 'o' (verb suffix)
pause	ilvutifi	N	I.	from 'ilvuti' (interruption) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
pay	muuno	V	MAJ	from 'muune' (reward) + 'o' (verb suffix)
pay attention	mudaso	V	MAJ	root	not used for 'pay attention in school', used in sentences like 'pay attention to your surroundings', 'pay attention, keep your eyes open while walking on the street'
pay attention	noitosano	V	MAJ	from 'noito' (to lead, make so. do sth.) + 'nesani' (knowledge)	intransitive sentences only, for scholarly knowledge/formal education
peace	miaha	N	I.	mi (calmness)+ a (of) + haad (bigness)
peace	mohomo	N	I.	probably related to a 'mo' (to calm, pacify) and 'ho' (to keep), so possibly 'kept calming' in the sense of 'uninterrupted non-disturbance [of being/living]'
peak	ovaiseti	N	I.	from 'ova' (top) + 'hisetu' (mountain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
peak	ovaisetu	N	W.	from 'ova' (top) + 'hisetu' (mountain)	For peaks in the jungle or other lands/of mountains seen as wild
peanut	tesetot	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'tëštöt' (/təʃtʌt/, 'peanut')
peanut butter	unosi a tesetot	N	C.	literally 'wetness/paste of peanut'	sometimes also called 'nea a unosi a testot', literally translated as 'flour of wetness of peanut'
pear	fijim	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) píyim /píjɪm/ (pear)
pebble	vuatafi	N	C.	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
peek	asomiko	V	MIN	from 'aso' (to look at, witness, notice etc.) + 'miki' (secret, hidden agenda) + 'o' (verb suffix)
peel	kelso	V	MAJ	root
peep	diit	N	I.	onomatopoeia
peep	diito	V	MIN	from 'diit' (a peep, or the sound some birds make)
pen	hotivo	N	C.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence, [short] writing) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
pencil	hotivofi	N	C.	from 'hotivo' (writing implement, pen, quill) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
penguin	islo	N	W.	loan from Atruozan 'his´ŕö' (penguin)
peninsula	oena a alvivo	N	C.	literally 'land of bridge'
pentagon	ovikiif	N	I.	from 'ovi' (tip) + 'kiif' (five)
people	sainif	N	C.	from 'saini' (mind, person) + 'f' (collective suffix)
people	saini	N	I.		since Jutean doesn't distinguish numbers in nouns for the most part, context is used for disambiguation, or an added numeral
pepper	kadenai	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'gaadennai' (/gɑ:dɛn:a.i/, pepper)	referring to black pepper
per	nuuf	ADP	W.	from 'nuhe' (benefactive for) + 'uf' (wilderness 'it')	for each
per	nufi	ADP	I.	from 'nuhe' (benefactive for) + 'efi' (immaterial/abstract 'it')	for each
per	nuaf	ADP	C.	from 'nuhe' (benefactive for) + 'af' (common 'it')	for each
per	na	ADP			in accordance with
perceive	dono	V	MAJ	from 'do' (feel) + 'no' (be)
percentage	manhaadiva	N	I.	from 'manhaadi' (twenty-five) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)	Percentages got turned into "pertwentyfivages" due to the base-5 system, so the range only goes from 1-25, rather than 1-100
perception	doni	N	I.	from 'dono' (to experience) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	experiencing something with the senses
perception	fuumi	N	I.	from 'fuumo' (to meet, get to know, learn about, study, read) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	not as in what is perceived with the senses, but the understanding of something
perfection	lomohi	N	I.	from 'lomoho' (to accomplish) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
perfective aspect indicator	lomohe	ADV		lo (suffice) + amo (perform) + he (now)
period	ooni	N	I.	from 'oone' (moon) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
period	doniva	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
perish	ejaho ... kedoonif	V	MIN	literally 'be lost forever'
perish	ilevoto ... nosaati	V	MAJ	literally 'lose breath'	See notes for 'ilevoto ... nosaati' (to die)
perish	mellovo	V	MAJ	from 'mellovi' (spoilage) + 'o' (verb suffix)	only used for food
perpetualness	kedonifi	N	I.	from 'kedoonif' (forever) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
perseverance	amivi	N	I.	from 'ami' (work, deed) + 'vi' (enabler derivation suffix)
persevere	hoto	V	MIN	from 'ho' (here: to keep) + 'to' (to go)
person	saini	N	I.	from sai (thought) + n (place suffix) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
person	mat	N	C.	Semantic extension of 'mat' (body)
person famous for good deeds	muldafa	N	C.	from 'mulda' (acquaintance, trustworthy person) + 'afa' (collective suffix)
person to be buried	unsa	N		from 'unsa' (to bury) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
pertain	ano	V	IT	from 'ana' (place) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes the 'an/in/un' ('in') adposition.
pertaining to	ande	ADP		from 'ano' (to pertain, place, belong) + 'ude' (and)	to establish a particular connection, especially belonging or that something is part of something, e.g. with locations or groups, as in ‘kama ande oenade’ (fruits belonging to the land) or ‘saini ande kahanade’ (people belonging to the group)
pester	dusovo	V	MAJ	from 'dusova' (mosquito) + 'o' (verb suffix)
pestle	neivo	N	C.	from 'neo' (to grind) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
phantom	jiikamo	N	I.	from 'jiik' (creak) + 'mo' (agentive suffix)
phase	doniva	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
philosopher	sahaimo	N	C.	from 'sahai' (philosophy) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
philosophical paradox	sahai	N	I.	from sa[i] (thought) + ha[a] (question) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
philosophical question	sahai	N	I.	from sa[i] (thought) + ha[a] (question) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
philosophy	sahai	N	I.	from sa[i] (thought) + ha[a] (question) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
phone	tesohava	N	I.	from 'tesoha' (here: phoneme) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
phoneme	tesoha	N	I.	from 'teshox" (noise, Middle Jutean)
phorusrhacidae	huuva a vandovohi	N	W.	literally 'terrifying bird'	also known as ‘terror birds’ in English
phrontistery	saihon	N	C.	saiho (think) + n (place suffix)
physical world	nin	N	I.	from 'ni' (life, existence) + 'n' (place suffix)	as oppposed to 'vin', the sphere of ideas.
physician	nusaifomo	N	C.	from 'nusaifo' (here: to cure, to heal) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
physics	nesaniva	N	I.	from 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'niva' (physical matter)
piano	teene	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'tääqnoog' (/tæ:xɲɤ:ɣ/, 'piano')
pick	fefo	V	MAJ	root
pickle	heme a uiliva	N	C.	literally 'food of jar'	any sort of pickled food or otherwise preserved in jars like fruit preserves
picture	johif	N	I.	from 'johi' (color) + 'f' (collective suffix)	for bright, colorful pictures, or when color is an important part of a picture in some other way
pierce	tuloho	V	MAJ	from 'tuloha' (hole) + 'o' (verb suffix)
pig	nelam	N	C.	Unknown, possible root
pigeon	miis	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'miihs' (/mi:hs/, pidgeon)
pike	kiovalvu	N	C.	from 'kiova' (sharpness) + 'ilvu' (derivation suffix referring to the end of something)
pile	feo	V	MAJ	root	rarely used with sapient beings in intransitive sentences except in a metaphorical or poetical sense
pile	masovi	N	I.	from 'masovo' (to stack, lay on top) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
pile-up	masovi	N	I.	from 'masovo' (to stack, lay on top) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
pillow	musa	N	C.	from 'musuu' (softness) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
pinch	famo	V	MAJ	root
pine	vilsehu	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) 'wilcttu' /wɪlt͡ʃt:u/ (pine)
pineapple	duke	N	C.	root
pipe	nuatahava	N	C.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'tahava' (liquid)	for ducts or pipes that are only connected on one end and dispense water or some other liquid on the other one, e.g. for washing or drinking
pipe	tula	N	C.	from 'tulu' (hollowness) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
pistol	senil	N	C.	from YTH sèŋŋil
pit	fus	N	C.	root	also metaphorical, e.g. pit of despair etc.
pitaya	vanokama	N	C.	from 'vano' (here: to burn) + 'kama' (fruit)
pitch	tahadova	N	C.	from 'tahava a dova'
pitch	loti	N	I.	from 'loto' (to climb, climb down) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
pitch accent	okiovi	N	I.	from 'okiovo' (to emphasize) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
place	ano	V	MAJ	from 'ana' (place) + 'o' (verb suffix)	'to make belong to'
place	ana	N	C.	root	general, either permanent or temporary
place	ki	N	I.	extension of 'ki' (order)	referring to expressions like '1st place', '2nd place' etc.
place	non	N	C.		place of something bigger (like a tree, a meadow or a harbor) that has 'settled down' and isn't likely to change much soon
place	ninva	N	I.	from 'nin' (physical world) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)	an unspecified, more abstract place, as for example in 'one's place in the world'
plain	kelama	N	C.	from 'ksexlamat' (not-mountainous) in Klambari
plan	hajeo	V	MAJ	from 'hajee' (wit, intellect) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Used if there's a lot of thought going into the plan, or if it's some stroke of genius or brilliant idea worked out. Occasionally used sarcastically, but neutral use is by far more common.
plan	hajefa	N	I.	from 'hajeo' (here: to plan) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)
plan to do	saiho	AUX	IR	semantic extension of 'saiho' (to think, ponder)	Used only with other verbs like an auxiliary. 'No' (to be) is generally avoided, instead it is often combined with 'ho' (remain), 'hono' (stay), 'evotono' (become) or another verb. Can be both transitive (X plans to do Y) or intransitive (Y was planned) if used with ergative verbs, in combination with unergative verbs remains unergative and intransitive. 'Saiho sao la.' - They plan(ned) to swim. 'Saiho amo la ji.' – They plan(ned) to do this. 'Saiho amo ji.' – This is/was planned. Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to e.g. either the planned time or the time of planning. Alternatively, e.g. where something was planned, where a plan is supposed to be carried out, or where that plan (if it exists physically) currently is located. To specifically refer to the plan, 'nuhe' (for) can be used, and 'at' (from) for the planning. Context, some other adpositions or an additional sentence can also disambiguate. In some cases an adjectival noun can also provide clarification. 'Saiho amo ji dote.' – This was planned earlier. / This was planned to be carried out earlier. 'Saiho amo ji nuhe ajavi.' – This is planned to be carried out today. 'Saiho amo ji at ajavi.' – This is being planned today. 'Saiho amo ji dote. Moji, hokono asijo ehi in vunuhi netie.' – This was planned (to be carried out) earlier, but can happen only tomorrow. (=can't happen earlier) 'Saiho amo ji a dote.' – This earlier [plan] is planned (to be carried out). 'Saiho amo ji hen.' – This is planned here. / This is planned to be carried out here. 'Saiho amo ji nuhe henide.' – This is planned to be carried out here. (lit. 'for here') 'Saiho amo ji at henide.' – This is planned here. (lit. 'from here') 'Saiho amo ji a heni.' – This here is planned to be carried out. IMPORTANT: depending on context 'saiho' can, rather than act as an auxiliary, also regularly mean 'to think' when used in combination with other verbs (usually when combined with more than one additional verb), and this can be specified with the adverb 'nuhe henuhede' (for the here and now) at the end of the sentence.
plane	vailihuto	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'huto' (to fly)	plane as in aircraft
plane	leneja	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'gänyöötčaal' (/ɣæɲjʌ:tt͡ʃɑ:l/, airplane)	plane as in aircraft, Sitti Jutean. Outside of Sitti used only as a synonym for particularly large planes
planet	savanhi	N	I.	from 'savanhu' (Earth, world) + 'i' (here: unknown/general suffix)
plankton	asefiso	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'ɂaspiɥo' (/ʔaspɪʃo/, plankton)
plant	haadova	N	C.	from 'haado va' ( (a) part grows)	the living being, flora
plant	okio ... an oenade	V	MAJ	literally 'put in soil'	'...' is replaced by the subject (and optionally, an object)
plastic	tillok	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'tillohq' (/ˈtɪl.loχq̚/, plastic)
plastic bag	tillok	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'tillohq' (/ˈtɪl.loχq̚/, plastic)
plate	meihon	V	MAJ	loan from Achiyitqan 'méyhonn' (/méjhon:/, bronze)	referring to plating with alloys, e.g. bronze
plate	feva	N	C.	from 'fevo' (to put below) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
plateau	kelama a hisetu	N	W.	literally 'plain of mountain'
platform	hukele	N	C.	loan from Balak 'huker' (/hʊˈkɛr/, platform)	platforms of railway stations or similar
play	masijo	V	MAJ	from 'maso' (lie, lay, lay down) + 'ji' (abstract/immaterial proximal demonstrative) + 'o' (verb suffix)	an instrument or a song
play	maamio	V	MAJ	from 'amo' (to do) + 'mi' (calm, calming) + 'o' (verb suffix)	playing that doesn’t involve rules, toying
play	vunoja	N	C.	semantic extension of 'vunoja' (sign)	referring to theater plays, musicals, even wrestling.
play	iduo	V	MAJ	root	playing by some rules (a game etc.)
play with	maamio	V	MAJ	from 'amo' (to do) + 'mi' (calm, calming) + 'o' (verb suffix)
playing	maami	N	I.	from 'maamio' (to play, toy) with the verb suffix 'o' deleted
playing	maami	N	I.	from 'maamio' (to play, toy) with the verb suffix 'o' deleted
playwright	hotiomo a vunoja	N	C.	literally 'writer of play(s)'
please	ukemo	I		literally calling someone a 'good-doer' ('uke' + 'mo')	when e.g. asking for a favor, separated by a comma in writing
pleasure	dihuke	N	I.	from 'di (a) uke' (feeling of goodness)
pledge	nokeko	V	MAJ	from 'nuo hokedo uke' ('give for good')
plot	hajeo	V	MAJ	from 'hajee' (wit, intellect) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Has no negative connotation, can also refer to making an intelligent plan.
plough	lundivo	N	C.	from 'lundo' (to till a larger field) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
plough	lendo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'lendo' (to till)
poem	hotohiva	N	I.	from 'hotohi' (poetry) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
poet	hotohimo	N	C.	from 'hotohi' (poetry) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
poetry	hotohi	N	I.	from 'hoti' (sentence, sentences) + 'ohi' (beauty)
point	vuatifi	N	I.	from 'vuatafi' (pebble, gravel), with the 'a' turned to 'i' to denote the immaterial/abstract gender
point	nojo	V	MAJ	shortened form of 'vunojo' (to show)
point	ovi	N	I.	from 'ova' (top, upper part of e.g. a tree or ) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	the upper end of something, often pointy
point of view	ninva	N	I.	from 'nin' (physical world) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)	Used with 'nuhe' ('for')
poison	masivo	N	C.	from 'maso' (here: to lay down) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
poison	masivo	V	MAJ	zero derivation from 'masivo' (a poison)
pole	kuha	N	C.	root	a long stick of wood (or other material) that has been processed to be straight and slim
political philosophy	sahai	N	I.	from sa[i] (thought) + ha[a] (question) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
politics	nojinonaf	N	I.	from 'noji' (directing) + 'nonaf' (community)
pollute	ilsaavo	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'saavo' (here: to wash, clean)
pollution	ilsaveefa	N	I.	from 'ilsaavo' (to pollute, contaminate) + 'eefa' (resultative suffix)	general term
pollution	ilukaini	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ilukaini' (dishonorobableness, shame, contempt)	of mind or environment
polyhedron	mati a nihi	N	I.	literally 'shape/solid of (great) symmetry'	a regular polyhedron, such as the Platonic solids
polytheism	Homanuki a vunamat a kiovif	N	I.	literally 'belief of several gods'
ponder	saiho	V	IR	sai (thought) + o (verb suffix) 'h' because three vowels aren't possible in Jutean	Transitive or intransitive, can take either an oblique object (usually introduced with 'a', about) specifying the topic or the thing being said, or a direct one (usually some word like 'va', part or 'ji' abstract/immaterial form of 'this', the proximal demonstrative pronoun) Neither is necessary if the sentence follows or introduces a quoted thought, i.e. one in writing expressed with quote marks. If the subject is unknown or unimportant, 'saini' (a person/people) or a similar term can be used instead of a pronoun or other noun. Alternatively, the subject can be omitted entirely, thereby implying an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is thought that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is thought to be a/an ...' See the entry 'saiho', 'to be thought to', for details.
ponder	fofeo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'fofeo' (to rain, to run [of water])
pony	mikefi	N	C.	from 'mike' (horse) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
population	sainif	N	C.	from 'saini' (mind, person) + 'f' (collective suffix)
porcelain	vatasoa	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone prefix) + 'soa' (bowl, basket), first only referring to porcelain bowls, then to their material as well
porridge	sedame	N	C.	from 'seda' (pot) + 'heme' (food)	also used for some stews and other thick foods made in a pot
port	saava a nonat	N	C.	literally 'water(s) of (the) city'	for ships
portability	vatteei	N	I.	from 'vatteeo' (be capable of being carried), which in turn comes from 'vatto' (to carry) + 'eeo' (to be capable of) + 'a' (common noun suffix), with 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix) added
portal	femmahad	N	C.	from 'femmo' (door) + 'a haad' (of bigness)
portal	tinivo	N	C.	from 'tino' (to enter) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
portion	kiovi	N	I.	from 'kiovo' (to share, part) + i (abstract suffix)
pose	tehekefa	N	I.	from 'teheko' (to move) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)
position	tehekefa	N	I.	from 'teheko' (to move) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)
possibility	hokoni	N	I.	from 'hokono' ('life allows', be in the right circumstances to do something) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Possibility in the sense of 'opportunity' or 'legal possibility'
possibility	eeji	N	I.	from 'eeo' (to be able to) + 'i' (abstract ending). 'j' appeared later between the two syllables.	Refers to possibilities that come to be via someone's or something's ability or abilities, but that could be rendered impossible due some unforeseen events. That is, it refers to something that is possible in general, but not necessarily at the time of speaking.
post office	tovon	N	C.	from 'tovo' (to send) + 'n' (place suffix)
postpone	teheko	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'teheko' (to push, move)
posture	tehekefa	N	I.	from 'teheko' (to move) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)
pot	seda	N	C.	Possibly related to 'sevel' (container, case, box)	general term
pot	sedanvi	N	C.	from 'seda' (pot) + 'an' (in) + 'van' (here: fire)	used for baking or roasting
potter	maikomo	N	C.	from 'maiko' (pottery, to make pottery) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
potter's wheel	maikomivo	N	C.	from 'maikomo' (potter) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
pottery	maiko	N	C.	root	referring both to the handicraft and a pottery item
pottery item	maikefa	N	C.	from 'maiko' (pottery, make pottery) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)	a finished item of pottery, often particularly well-made or elaborate
pottery item	maiko	N	C.	root	referring both to the handicraft and a pottery item
pouch	tusa	N	C.	from 'tusu' (seashell) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	a packet or tiny package for condiments, shampoo or similar
pound	kummo	V	MAJ	root
pour	meneso	V	MAJ	from 'menesa' (oil) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for oil only
pour	fofeo	V	MAJ	cognate with NGU 'pōpea'
pour	tahoovo	V	MAJ	from 'tahoo' (to flow) + 'vo' (causative derivation suffix)
pour	feuvo	V	MIN	root	referring to larger amounts, most commonly water, less often other liquids, even less often other things
poverty	illumo	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'lumo' (here: power)
powder	neu	N	C.	likely a semantic extension of 'neu' (very fine sand, silt)
powdered sugar	kim a neu	N	C.	literally 'sugar of powder'
power	lumamo	N	I.	from 'lumo' (power, strength, force) + 'amohi' (doing)	Political power and other kinds that make it possible for someone to force their will through
power	lumo	N	I.	root	Power in general
power	lumomat	N	I.	from 'lumo' (power, force, strength) + 'mat' (body)	Physical power or strength only.
power	lumo	V	MAJ	root
power loom	vailidela	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'delo' (to weave) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	a mechanized loom, found e.g. in factories
powerfully	lumame	ADV		from 'lumamo' (might, political power)	referring to non-physical power, e.g. political power
powerfully	lumomate	ADV		from 'lumomat' (physical power or strength) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)	referring to physical power or strength
powerlessness	illumo	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'lumo' (here: power)	sometimes also 'illumi', especially when talking in a more general sense
practice	asejo	V	MAJ	from 'aseji' (instance, case, process, act) + 'o' (verb suffix)
praise	ukahio	V	MAJ	uka (good, goodness) + tahivo (to say)
praise	ukahi	N		ukahio (to praise) - o (back formation)
prank	melliva	N	I.	from 'melli' (humor, sense of humor) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
prank	lemuso	V	MAJ	from 'lemusa' (sillyness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
prank	mello	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'mello' (gaiety, jocularity)	No prepositions necessary, unlike in English 'to play a prank on'
pray	mosaiho	V	MIN	mo (to calm) [+ u (and)] + saiho (to think) over time, the 'u' turned first into a second 'o', then disappeared
prayer	mosaihi	N		mosaiho (to pray) + i (immaterial suffix)
preach	ukahio	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'ukahio' (to praise)
precaution	itohi a havandi	N	I.	literally 'preparation of caution'
precedent	dote	N	I.	semantic extension of 'dote' (once, earlier)
precipice	vente	N	W.	root
predator	nuovanu	N	W.	from 'nu a van' (wild life of danger)
prefer	saihadao	V	MAJ	from 'saiho' (to think) + 'haada' (biggerness, comparative) + 'o' (verb suffix)
pregnancy	vatti a nuina	N	C.	literally 'carrying of child'
prehistoric times	dooni a ejoti	N	I.	literally 'time of mysteriousness'
prehistory	tahif a ejoti	N	I.	literally 'history of mysteriousness'
premise	miditahi	N	I.	from 'midi' (center) + 'tahi' (story)
preparation	itohi	N	I.	gerund of 'ito' (here: to set up, to prepare)
prepare	ito ... muavati	V	MAJ	literally 'to set up a field'	Used mostly for smaller fields. Larger ones use 'lundo'. Intransitive sentences would use 'ito muava', dropping the indirect case suffix used for direct objects.
prepare oneself	itohe	V	MAJ	from 'ito' (to set up) + 'he' (reflexive suffix)	treated as an inflected form, so if a particular mood is used, the 'he' can become a particle, and the mood is denoted with a suffix instead, e.g. 'itot he' ('shall prepare oneself')
presence	heni	N	I.	from 'hen' (here) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
present	masijo	V	MAJ	from 'maso' (lie, lay, lay down) + 'ji' (abstract/immaterial proximal demonstrative) + 'o' (verb suffix)
preserve	ho	V	MAJ	root
preserves	heme a uiliva	N	C.	literally 'food of jar'	any sort of pickled food or otherwise preserved in jars like fruit preserves
press	tehekato	V	MAJ	from 'teheko' (to move, push) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
press	hotion	N	C.	from 'hotio' (to write) + 'n' (place suffix)
press secretary	liotafavimo	N	C.	from 'liotafavi' (publishing, publication) + 'mo' (profession derivation suffix)
pretence	ilhavani	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'havani' (naturalness, realness, reality)
pretend	ilhavano	V	MAJ	from 'ilhavani' (pretense, fake) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Default transitive meaning: 'pretend to exist', however, if it is followed by a verb, the meaning changes to 'pretend to [verb]'. Intransitive meaning: 'to make appear real', reflexive/reciprocal meaning: 'to pretend to oneself/each other'
pretender	ilhavanimo	N	C.	from 'ilhavani' (pretense, fake) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix)
prevalence	anti	N	I.	semantic extension of 'anti' (commonly, habitually)
prevent	amokonilo	V	MAJ	from 'amo' (here: to do) + 'hokoni' (here: chance, opportunity) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
prevention	amokonil	N	I.	from 'amo' (here: to do) + 'hokoni' (here: chance, opportunity) + 'l' (negating suffix)
previous	adoni	DET		from 'a' (of) + doniti (past)
previousness	dote	N	I.	semantic extension of 'dote' (once, earlier)
prey	toovaona	N	W.	from 'toovao' (to hunt) + 'ona' (patientive noun derivation suffix)
prick	kavo	V	MAJ	root
prickle	kava	N	C.	from 'kavo' (to prick, prickle) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
prickle	kavo	V	MAJ	root
priest	unsanamo	N	C.	from 'unsan' (grave, sacrificial site) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	priest overseeing a sacrifice or burial
priest	mosaihinamo	N	C.	from 'mosaihin' (church) + 'amo' (profession suffix)	'church worker', for priests working in church-like houses
priest	moonamo	N	C.	from 'moon' (temple) + 'amo' (profession suffix)	'temple worker', for priests not working in church-like houses
prince or princess	duoto	N	C.	loan from Ekuostian 'duáta' (prince or princess)
print	najaselo	V	MAJ	loan from Achiyitqan 'nayáɥl' (/najáʃl/, 'to print') + 'o' (verb suffix)
print	najasela	N	C.	from 'najaselo' (to print) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	something printed, e.g. a (copy of a) photo, a copy of a painting or a single page of text
printing press	vailinajasela	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'najasela' (a print, printed page, magazine or leaflet)
prism	lusa	N	I.	from 'luso' (to rise) + 'a' (common noun suffix), as the suffix usually translates to 'that which X', and prisms are flat geometrical shapes that were extruded, and therefore look like they have 'risen'	three-dimensional shape that can be formed by extruding a plane figure, or stacking thereof, either theoretical, drawn or as physical object
prism	mati a lusohi	N	I.	literally 'shape of rising'	three-dimensional shape that can be formed by extruding a plane figure, or stacking thereof
prison	netun	N	C.	semantic extension of 'netun' (walls, city walls)	Originates in the fact that the Juteans captured by the Klambaris after their invasion saw their city walls as a sort of prison. Slightly poetic, but still acceptable for all language registers. Can by extension be used to refer to other things standing between you and your freedom as well. For immaterial/abstract ones, 'netuuni' is used.
prison	netuuni	N	I.	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	A mental 'prison' keeping you from doing something, be it what you want or need to do, or that keeps you from achieving (including, but not limited to spiritual) freedom, your full potential or other things.
prison	dahe	N	I.	semantic extension of 'dahe' (limited space, room)	Used mostly in a philosophical sense, when e.g. talking about liberty. 'A land that you are supposed to never leave is like a prison with another name'
prison guard	netummo	N	C.	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'mo' (agentive derivation suffix)	anyone living voluntarily in or behind walls or walled buildings
prisoner	netunona	N	C.	from 'netun' (here: prison) + 'ona' (patientive derivation suffix)
privilege	donihonoki	N	I.	from 'doniha' (before) + 'honoki' (right)
probability	asijoki	N	I.	from 'asijoke' (here: could happen) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
probably	asijoke	ADV		literally 'could happen', 'asijo' (happen) + 'ke 'conditional mood suffix'
problem	vutani	N	I.	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'ni' (life)
process	aseji	N	I.	from 'asijo' (to happen, take place) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
proclaim	uivato	V	MAJ	from 'uivo' (to sing) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
proclamation	uivata	N	I.	from 'uivato' (to chant, to proclaim) + 'a' (common noun suffix), originally 'the proclaimed' or 'those that are proclaimed', then shifting to 'proclamation, declaration'
produce	amo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'amo' (do, work)
produce	uisa	N	C.	from 'uiso' (to collect, gather, forage mushrooms) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	used mostly for gathered and foraged food, like mushrooms, but also including e.g. fruit, nuts etc., anything not farmed on fields or in gardens
product	amefa	N	I.	from 'amo' (do, work) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)	something produced
productivity	ami	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ami' (work, job, duty)
progress	tiahi	N	I.	from 'ti a hi' (kept movement)
progressing	hiati	N	I.	from 'hi a ti' (keeping of the moving [on])
progressive marker	he	ADV
projector	nioonivo	N	C.	from 'niooni' (dream, film) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)	mostly for videos only
promise	nutahuki	N	I.	from 'nutahuko' (to promise, insure) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
promise	nutahuko	V	MAJ	from 'nuo tahiva a uke' (give word of goodness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
pronoun	jufehi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'jufehi' (substitute, replacement)
pronounce	tesoho	V	MAJ	from 'tesoho' (to sound)
propaganda	sehukovivo	N	I.	from 'sehukovo' (to influence) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
prophecy	johanni	N	I.	from 'joha a ni' (sight of life)
prophesise	johanno	V	MAJ	from 'johanni' (foresight, prophesy) + 'o' (verb suffix)
prophesy	johanno	V	MAJ	from 'johanni' (foresight, prophesy) + 'o' (verb suffix)
prosperity	lumafa	N	I.	from 'lumo' (here: wealth) + 'afa' (collective suffix)	collective prosperity of a community, the population of a country, etc.
prosperity	amike	N	I.	from 'ami' (work, job) + 'uke' (good)
protagonist	miditaha	N	I.	from 'miditahi' (premise) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
protect	netumio	V	MAJ	from 'netumi' (guarding, watch) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to watch over someone or something, not protect by hiding or similar
protect	ejoto	V	MAJ	root
protection	netumi	N	I.	netumo (sentry) + i (abstract suffix)	especially against wild animals, crime etc. Military protection is 'hetevi'
protection	vunami	N	I.	vunam (parent) + i (abstract suffix)	especially parental protection of children
protection	ejota	N	C.	extension of 'ejota' (shadow)
protection	hetevi	N	I.	from 'hetevo' (to keep away from) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	roughly corresponds to 'military protection'
protein	nuaite a desi	N	C.	loan rendering, literally translating to 'category of fold', based on 'nuaite a kim', ('category of sugar' or carbohydrate) with 'kim' (sugar) replaced by 'desi' (fold) after Achiyitqan 'pehpqo' (/ˈpɛɸ.pqo/, protein, literally 'fold' as well)
protest	iltano	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tano' (take in)
proton	fikemek	N	I.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) piktmek (proton)
prove	vunojo tavani	V	MAJ	literally 'show truth'
provide	edovo	V	MAJ	from 'edo' (here: appear) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	to supply
provide	nuo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'nuo' (to give)
provide for	ito	V	MAJ	from 'ite' (group, row) + 'o' (verb suffix)
prune	kuho	V	MAJ	from 'kuhe' (pole, stick made straight and slim) + 'o' (verb suffix)
psychology	tonesani a saini	N	I.	literally 'science of mind'
pub	tahoin	N	C.	from 'tahoohi' (gerundive of 'to drink') + 'n' (place suffix)
public	lihotafa	N	C.	from 'lihoti' (address) + 'afa' (suffix denoting something belonging or pertaining to the general public)
public works	amafa	N	I.	from 'ami' (work, deed) + 'afa' (suffix denoting something in collective use)	building projects undertaken by the community collectively, or on behalf of it
publication	liotafavi	N	I.	from 'liotafavo' (to publish) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
publicise	lihotafavo	V	MAJ	from 'lihotafa' (public) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
publish	liotafavo	V	MAJ	from 'lihotafa' (public) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
publisher	hotion	N	C.	from 'hotio' (to write) + 'n' (place suffix)	referring to a company, cooperative or similar institution, not a person or profession
publisher	liotafavimo	N	C.	from 'liotafavi' (publishing, publication) + 'mo' (profession derivation suffix)	someone working in publishing, or responsible for the publishing of a book etc.
publishing house	hotion	N	C.	from 'hotio' (to write) + 'n' (place suffix)
pull	emtoo	V	MAJ	root
pull out	sundo	V	MAJ	root	of something which has a known location
pulley	tivivo	N	C.	from 'tivi' (joint, anything that allows for moment) + 'ivo' (instrument suffix)	any kind of tool that enables movement of things that were immobile before, such as heavy weights that require a pulley, or an axis with wheels that allows a cart to move (more easily)
punch	hevi	N	I.	from 'hevo' (to punch) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring both to the act and the actual punch itself
punch	hevo	V	MAJ	root
punishment	mohomovo	N	I.	from 'mohomoo' (to harmonize, restore harmony, compensate) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
puppet	vunojeha	N	C.	from 'vunojo ehe' (represent) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
purity	saveefa	N	I.	semantic extension of 'saveefa' (cleanliness)	also referring to something like 'spiritual purity'
purpose	nuhi	N	I.	from 'nuhe' (here: for, because of) + 'immaterial/abstract suffix'	'for the purpose of' would be 'in nuhide a'
purr	hello	V	MIN	imitative
pursue	vutonto	V	MAJ	from 'vuo' (to run) + 'tonte' (after) + 'o' (verb suffix)
push	teheko	V	MAJ	root (or possibly related to 'to' go in PNJ?)
put	okio	V	MAJ	root	cognate with NGU 'hongi' (put)
put away	uilo	V	MAJ	from 'uila' (tray, rack, shelf) + 'o' (verb suffix)
put in charge	vuato ove	V	MAJ	extension of 'vuato' (to weigh, decide) + 'ove' (on)
put off	teheko	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'teheko' (to push, move)
put under	fevo	V	MAJ	root
put up	okio ado	V	T	literally 'put at'	the preposition 'ado' is only used with nouns that have the common gender, for immaterial/abstract 'ido' is used, for the wilderness gender 'udo'
puzzle	sihai	N	I.	s[a]i (thought) + ha[a] (question) + i (abstract suffix)
quadrillion	evokefuk	NUM		from 'evokkef' (trillion) + Achiyitqan (ACY) 'ɂuk' (numeral '2')	referring to the base-5 equivalent of a (short scale) quadrillion
quality	ohi	N	I.	oho (have) + i (abstract/immaterial suffix)
quality time	donanodesaina	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'nodesaina' (partner)
quantity	haad	N	I.	semantic extension of 'haad' (bigness)	particularly with rough estimates, uncounted amounts etc.
quark	kafelak	N	I.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) kaplaq (to combine), referring to how quarks have never been observed in isolation, only in combinations	subatomic particle
quark	dafute a musuu	N	C.	literally 'cheese of softness'	the soft, white cheese, often similar to cottage cheese, but not grainy
queen	vunam a efi a vunamanede	N	C.	literally 'parent of all parentland'	used mostly in translated stories, sometimes also when talking about the history of other nations, rarely if ever used for any present ruler (with exceptions)
quell	hotuvo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (keep) + 'tuuve' (down, downwards) + 'o' (verb suffix)
question	saihasao	V	MAJ	from saih[o] (think) + a (of) + sa[i] (thinking) + o (verb suffix)
question	haa	N	I.
quick movement	tivuu	N	I.	from 'ti' (here: motion) + 'vuu' (quickness)
quickly	vue	ADV		from 'vuu' (quickness) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction ending)
quickness	vuu	N	I.	root
quiet	motevi	N		from 'mo' (to calm) + 'tesoha' (sound) during Middle Jutean, when 'sound' was 'teshox', and 'sh' eventually became 'v'
quill	humatava	N	C.	extension of 'humatava' (feather)
quill	hotivo	N	C.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence, [short] writing) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
quit	toho	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'toho' (to leave)
rabbit	iten	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'ɂitn' (/ʔɪt̚n̥/, rabbit)
race	vui	N	I.	from 'vuu' (quickness, speed) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
racetrack	ton a vuohi	N	C.	literally 'path/track of running'	a specifically designated path in the water, the air or on land for running, either for general exercise, training or a competition
racism	ki a vetti a fal	N	I.	literally 'belief/theory of hate of other'
rack	uila	N		root of unknown origin, cognate with NGU 'ūira' (table)
racquet	vettivo	N	C.	from 'vetto' (hit) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
radar	somotikuv	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'somótikuw' (/somótɪkuw/, 'radar')
radiate	tiso	V	MAJ	root
radiation	tisoi	N	I.	shortening of 'tisohi' (gerund of 'tiso')
radio	vailitesohova	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine) + 'tesohova' (message, alert, announcement)	often shortened to "VTV" or 'vaites'
raft	umtivo	N	C.	from 'umto' (to float) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
rage	vani	N	I.	from 'van' (fire) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
raid	ufeni	N	I.	from 'ufeno' (to stalk, hunt down) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
railroad	kaunkatonat	N	C.	from 'kaunka' (train) + 'tonat' (street)
railway	kaunkatonat	N	C.	from 'kaunka' (train) + 'tonat' (street)
rain	fofeo	V	MAJ	cognate with NGU 'pōpea'	Requires a subject, such as 'saanuhuu' (sky)	'Fofeo saava.’ – ‘Fofeomo saanuhuu.’ – ‘Fofeo saanuhuu savafiti.’ It's raining water (Rain water) – The sky rains. (Rain-ANTIP sky) - The sky rains drops of water. (Rain sky drop_of_water-IDR)
rain	fofesaava	N	C.	from 'fofea' (to run [water], rain) + 'saava' (water [generic])
rainbow	itikoma a huu	N	I.	literally 'ribbon of air'
rainbow butterfly unicorn kitten	nojahaaji	N	I.	literally 'This is, what?' meaning 'What is this?' or 'I beg your pardon?'
rainforest	oeedova a fofesaava	N	W.	literally 'forest of rain'
raise	vuammo	V	MAJ	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	to raise children
raise	nooho	V	MAJ	from 'noohe' (above) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to lift something or someone up
rake	feo	V	MAJ	root	rarely used with sapient beings in intransitive sentences except in a metaphorical or poetical sense
rake	feivo	N	C.	from 'feo' (to rake, gather, pile) + 'ivo' instrumental suffix
randomise	ilikio	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ki' (order) + 'o' (verb suffix) second 'i' added in for ease of speech
rank	ki	N	I.	extension of 'ki' (order)
rapid	kisu	N	W.	root	a single rapid or chute in a river
rapids	tahu	N	W.	from 'tahoo' (to flow) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
rareness	alanti	N	I.	from 'al' (not) + 'anti' (commonly, habitually, prevalence)
rarity	alanta	N	C.	from 'alanti' (rareness) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
rat	isiiasehi	N	W.	from 'isii a asehi' or 'mouse of Achi[yitqan]'
rather	haade	ADV		from 'haad' (bigness, size) + 'e' (a common adverb ending)
rather than	ilehe	C		from 'il' (not, un-) + 'ehe' (like)
rattle	kelle	N	C.	root, onomatopoeic
rattle	kellu	N	W.	from 'kelle' (rattle sound) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	a rattle sound in or coming from the jungle or some other 'wild' place
raw material	eva	N	C.	probably from a clipping of 'dovevo' (lumber) + 'a' (common noun suffix), similar to the origin of the '-evo' suffix
raze	tisoheo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn, burn up) + 'hea' (outwards)
razer	tisoheomo	N	C.	from 'tisoheo' (here: to burn down, raze) + 'mo' (profession or permanent characteristic suffix)	used literally, or metaphorically for someone who acts in a very destructive manner with no regard for their environment or other people
razor	tasivo nuhe lusade	N	C.	literally 'scraper for beard'
reach	femo	V	MAJ	root	To extend arms or other limbs. Not used for e.g. signals etc. Use 'ijotado' (for animate targets) or 'ijotido' (for immaterial or abstract targets)
reach	ijotado	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (throw) + 'ado' (common 'at')	used when the target of the transmission, connection or similar (which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is sapient and/or animate, with that which was used to reach the target a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
reach	ijotido	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (to throw) + 'ido' (immaterial/abstract 'at')	used when the target (a thing or a place) of the transmission, connection or similar (which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract. E.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time as well anything unknown (including material things), e.g. an unknown place, with that which was used to reach the target a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
reach	tefo	V	MAJ	from 'tefi' (achievement, goal, aim, target) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to reach a goal or similar
reach	femo	V	MAJ	root	to extend to a spot or place
react	amoto	V	MAJ	from 'amo' (here: to do) + 'te' (against, onward) + 'o' (verb suffix)	intransitive meaning: 'to be reacted to'
reaction	amoti	N	I.	from 'amoto' (to react) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
read	fuumo	V	MAJ	root
reader	fuuma	N	C.	from 'fuumo' (here: to read, study) + 'a' (common noun suffix, 'someone who ...')
realisation	lomohi	N	I.	from 'lomoho' (to complete) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
realise	aso	V	MAJ	root
reality	havani	N	I.	from 'havan' (wilderness, nature) + 'i' (abstract, immaterial suffix)
really	tavane	I		from 'tavani' (truth, mundane truth) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
really	memo?	I		literally 'say [what]?' or '[You] said [what]?', in the sense of 'Did you [just] really say/mean that?'	calling a statement into question, expressing surprise or disbelief, as in 'Did you [just] really say/mean that?'
really	ihavane	ADV		from 'in havani' (in naturalness, reality) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction ending)
realm of the forgotten	fusi	N	I.	from 'fus' (pit) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	metaphorical place where those who are forgotten are said to end up
realness	havani	N	I.	from 'havan' (wilderness, nature) + 'i' (abstract, immaterial suffix)
reappear	edo ... atile	V	MIN	literally 'appear/arrive ... again'
reason	saihasao	V	MAJ	from saih[o] (think) + a (of) + sa[i] (thinking) + o (verb suffix)	Meaning when used in sentences with no direct object (intransitive ones)
reason	sini	N	I.	from 'sino' (to mean) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	Used especially in questions, like 'What is the reason/meaning for this?'
reasonability	saihaseei	N	I.	from 'saihosao' (to reason) + 'eei' (ability suffix)
rebel	etimo	N	C.	from 'eti' (hostile rebellion, hostile resistance) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Using 'etimo' implies disapproval of the rebellion or group of fighters, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
rebel	tehomo	N	C.	from 'teho' (here: to confront, face) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	not necessarily part of a military or militia, can also be more metaphorical, and supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
rebel	foivi	N	C.	from 'foi' (freedom) + 'vi' (causator/enabler derivation suffix)	a 'freedom fighter' the speaker wants to express support for
rebellion	tehomi	N	I.	from 'tehomo' (fighter, rebel) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	refers to a fight, struggle or rebellion that can be more metaphorical, and is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
rebellion	eti	N	I.	from 'eto' (to meet resistance, opposition) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Using 'eti' implies disapproval of the rebellion, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
rebuild	olumotilo	V	MAJ	from 'olumo' (create, construct, establish) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repetition of an action)
rebuke	nesatilovo ... a ukainide	V	MAJ	literally 'remind ... of morals'
recapitulate	fumotilo	V	MAJ	from 'fuumo' (here: to study, get to know) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repeating of an action)
receive	evoto	V	MAJ	root
receiver	movotohe	N	C.	from 'mo- ... -he' (temporary agent circumfix) + 'evoto' (receive)
recipient	lihotona	N	C.	from 'lihota' (addresser, sender) + 'ona' (patientive derivation suffix)
reckon	tiilo	V	MIN	loan from Kavrinian 'tïïl' (/tɪ:l/, to reckon)	used particularly by expatriates or those who have a lot of contact with them
recognise	fuumo ... lomohe	V	MAJ	'to have already met/gotten to know/studied', or 'fuumo' + 'lomohe' (already), marking the perfective aspect	'lomohe' is an adverb meaning 'already', marking the perfective aspect here
recognise	muldo	V	MAJ	unknown, possible root	for persons
reconcile	mohomoo	V	MAJ	mohomo (harmony) + o (verb suffix)	no adposition such as e.g. 'with' needed
recontact	femotilo	V	MAJ	from 'femo' (to contact) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repetition of an action)
record keeper	hotifanamo	N	C.	from 'hotifan' (archive) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
recorder	nioonivo	N	C.	from 'niooni' (dream, film) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)	mostly for videos only
recover	evotilo	V	MAJ	from 'evoto' (get, receive, obtain) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repetition of an action)
recreate	olumotilo	V	MAJ	from 'olumo' (create, construct, establish) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repetition of an action)
rectangle	fumotileke	N	I.	from 'fumooti' (corner, angle) + 'leke' (two), as the two lines originating in a corner are usually seen as part of the corner outside mathematical contexts, and so a rectangle is seen as only having two "proper" corners
rectangular prism	lusa a fumotileke	N	I.	literally 'prism of rectangle'
recur	asejo	V	MAJ	from 'aseji' (instance, case, process, act) + 'o' (verb suffix)
red	jevani	N	I.	from 'johi a van' (color of fire) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
redden	jevano	V	MAJ	from 'jevani' (red) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Verbs for other colors are similarly derived.
reduce	ilhaado	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite-prefix) + 'haado' (grow)
reeducate	hotilvuho	V	MAJ	from 'hotio' (to carve in, write) + 'ilvuhi' (darkness)
reef	kuul	N	W.	root	e.g. a coral reef
reestablish	olumotilo	V	MAJ	from 'olumo' (create, construct, establish) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repetition of an action)
reflect	toheno	V	MIX	from 'tohene' (back, as in 'go back') + 'o' (verb suffix)	unergative in sentences where the subject animate, but ergative when the subject inanimate 'to reflect on' is 'toheno li'.
reflection	toheni	N	I.	from 'toheno' (here: to reflect) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
reform	hiativo	N	I.	from 'hiati' (progressing) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
reform	ukkovo	V	MAJ	from 'uke' (good, goodness, health) + 'vo' (causative suffix), with the gemination developing to more clearly differentiate it from 'ukeo' (to improve something already decent)	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
refresh	lottuvo	V	MAJ	from 'lottu' (freshness, ripeness) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
refuge	mudasin	N	C.	from 'mudasi' (safety) + 'n' (place suffix)
refuse	iltano	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tano' (take in)
refuse	vuato te	V	T	literally 'weigh/opine against'
regain	evotilo	V	MAJ	from 'evoto' (get, receive, obtain) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repetition of an action)
regain consciousness	atilo vuhati	V	MIN	literally 'to return to the sun/day'
regain consciousness	evotilo nisaifiti a saini	V	MIN	literally 'regain mental energy'
regarding	sie	ADP		from 'sino' (to mean, to call, to name) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix), 'n' disappeared over time	for specific, known or named people, living beings or things, or to establish a topic, used with verbs, for example 'veeho sie' (laugh about), or with nouns, e.g. 'tonikki sie kiovohi' (algorithm regarding the distribution)
regarding	ande	ADP		from 'ano' (to pertain, place, belong) + 'ude' (and)	to establish a particular connection, especially belonging or that something is part of something, e.g. with locations or groups, as in ‘kama ande oenade’ (fruits belonging to the land) or ‘saini ande kahanade’ (people belonging to the group)
regarding	nuhe	ADP			'regarding' as in 'with respect to' not, as in the gerund form of 'to regard' (which would be 'sinohi')
regardless	foije	ADV		from 'foi' (openness, physical freedom) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix)
regardless of	foije	ADP		extension of 'foije' (independently, regardless)
region	uisi	N	C.	from 'uiso' (to gather, collect, pick mushrooms) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Subdivided into 'uisifi' (counties), which usually include nine or ten 'nonaf' (urban or sprawling communities, or collections of separate rural settlements) Cities and towns are not seen as regions themselves and are called 'nonat' instead. A bigger region, like a state, would be 'nonafat', but this is rarely used outside political, scientific or administrative language.
regionally	uise	ADV		from 'uisi' (region) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
regular	joomo	N	C.	from 'joo' (here: to meet regularly, to assemble) + 'mo' (permanent agentive suffix)	a regular visitor of e.g. neighborhood assemblies
regulate	kivio	V	MAJ	from 'kivi' (rule) + 'o' (verb suffix)
reinvent	olumoho ... atile	V	MAJ	literally 'invent again'
reject	allo	V	MAJ	from 'ali' (negation, rejection) + 'o' (verb suffix), with the 'l' becoming geminated
reject	iltano	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tano' (take in)
reject	tovoheo	V	MAJ	from 'tovo' (here: to send) + 'hea' (away) + 'o' (verb suffix)
rejection	ali	N	I.	from 'al' (negation particle) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
rejoice	sovio	V	MAJ	root	intransitive meaning 'lead to rejoicing, be enjoyed very much'
rejoice	doonato	V	MAJ	from 'doonat' (special occasion, celebration) + 'o' (verb suffix)
rejoicing	sovi	N	I.	from 'sovio' (to take delight in, to rejoice about)
rekt	ilvit (lomhe)	PHR		from 'ilvunito lomohe' (destroy + perfective marker)	Slang
relate	sino	V	MAJ	from 'sina' (name) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in regards to topics or issues
relate to so.	tahadovo	V	IT	semantic extension of the original meaning (to glue, stick together)
relating to	sie	ADP		from 'sino' (to mean, to call, to name) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix), 'n' disappeared over time	for specific, known or named people, living beings or things, or to establish a topic, used with verbs, for example 'veeho sie' (laugh about), or with nouns, e.g. 'tonikki sie kiovohi' (algorithm regarding the distribution)
relating to	ande	ADV		from 'ano' (to pertain, place, belong) + 'ude' (and)	to establish a particular connection, especially belonging or that something is part of something, e.g. with locations or groups, as in ‘kama ande oenade’ (fruits belonging to the land) or ‘saini ande kahanade’ (people belonging to the group)
relation	tahadovi	N	I.	from 'tahadova' (tree sap, pitch, resin) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for interdependent relations between two objects.
relation	vunami	N	I.	vunam (parent) + i (abstract suffix)	causal/dependent relation rather than interdependent ones
relationship	nani	N	I.	from 'nano' (live together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Referring to two people living together as partners. Often romantic, but not necessarily so, can also be for pragmatic reasons.
relationship	tahadovi	N	I.	from 'tahadova' (tree sap, pitch, resin) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for interdependent relations between two objects
relationship	vunami	N	I.	vunam (parent) + i (abstract suffix)	causal/dependent relation rather than interdependent ones
relationship	tahadovi	N	I.	from 'tahadova' (tree sap, pitch, resin) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for example between friends
relationship	vunami	N	I.	vunam (parent) + i (abstract suffix)	relationships in a family, especially between parents and children, and sometimes later between caregiver and caretaker as well.
relative	jufiva	N	C.	from 'jufi' (family) + 'va' (inseparable part)
relativity	ninva	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ninva' (side)	when used as adjectival noun, so with preceding noun + 'a' (of), or sometimes 'oene'/'jufe' (depending on, for material/immaterial things)
relax	mihono	V	MIN	from mi (calm) + hono (stay)
relevance	tahadovi	N	I.	from 'tahadova' (tree sap, pitch, resin) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
relief	ilvuati	N	I.	from 'ilvuato' (relieve, lift, depose, remove from office) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
relieve	ilvuato	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'vuato' (weigh, lay weight on)
religion	homani	N	I.	from 'homano' (to hold on to, believe in) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
religious school	vamejoti	N	I.	from 'vami' (craft) + 'ejoti' (secret)
reluctance	heitidi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'heitidi' (tiredness, exhaustion)
rely	juto	V	T	semantic extension of 'juto' (to settle, make one's home, cultivate etc.)	for anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas
rely	oeno	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'oeno' (to ground, base on)	for persons and physical objects or their activities, not on anything abstract or immaterial such as ideas ('juto' would be used in those cases)
remain	hono	V	MIN
remainder	honohi	N	I.	gerund of 'hono' (to wait, stay, remain)
remark	fuli	N	I.	from 'fulo' (to say, tell) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
remedy	nusaifivo	N	C.	from 'nusaifi' (cure, treatment, science of medicine) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
remember	nesatilo	V	MAJ	from 'nesano atile' (know again)
remembrance	nesatili	N	I.	from 'nesatilo' (to remember) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
remind	nesatilovo	V	MAJ	from 'nesatilo' (to remember) + 'vo' (causative suffix)	that which someone is being reminded of is preceded by an 'a' (of/about)
reminder	nesatilovi	N	I.	from 'nesatilovo' (to remind) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
remote control	vailiamivo	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'amivo' (control)
remoteness	hai	N	I.	semantic extension of 'hai' (the outside)
remoteness	hea	N	I.	semantic extension of 'hea' (interior of a country or land)
removal	ilvuati	N	I.	from 'ilvuato' (relieve, lift, depose, remove from office) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
remove	ilvuato	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'vuato' (weigh, lay weight on)	to remove a burden or a responsibility of someone or something, e.g. remove from office
remove	tavuheo	V	MAJ	from 'tavuo' (bring) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	when talking about things or persons that shouldn't be in the place the speaker is talking about, or that were or are being removed
remove	ilejoto	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ejota' (to cover, disguise, protect, cast a shadow)	remove clothing, a cover, case etc.
rename	sinotilo	V	MAJ	from 'sino' (to name) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repetition of an action)
render artistically	okiofo	V	MAJ	from 'okiofe' (blueprint, draft, artistic rendering, technical drawing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
renew	hohivo	V	MAJ	from 'hohi' (newness) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
renew	lottuvo	V	MAJ	from 'lottu' (freshness, ripeness) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
renounce	deo	V	MAJ	extension of 'deo' (to miss, ignore)
renovate	ukkovo	V	MAJ	from 'uke' (good, goodness, health) + 'vo' (causative suffix), with the gemination developing to more clearly differentiate it from 'ukeo' (to improve something already decent)	to bring something back to a good state, or to a good state for the first time
repair	iltin	N	I.	from 'ilton' (way back), with the 'o' becoming 'i' to mark the abstract/immaterial gender
repair	iltino	V	MAJ	from 'iltin' (repair) + 'o' (verb suffix)
repeat	amotilo	V	MAJ	from 'amo atile' (do again) + 'o' (verb suffix)	do something again
repeat	memotilo	V	MAJ	from 'memo' (say) + 'tilo' (repetition derivation suffix)	say something again
repeatedly	amotile	ADV		from 'amotilo' (to repeat) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
repeatedly play the same song	masijotilo	V	MAJ	from 'masijo' (here: to play a song) + 'atile' (again) + 'o' (verb suffix)
replace	jufeho	V	MAJ	from 'jufo' (to set) + 'ehe' (as, like) + 'o' (verb suffix)
replacement	jufehi	N	I.	from 'jufeho' (replace) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
reply	memonki	N	I.	from 'memohi' (gerund of 'to say') + 'onki' (fill, satiety)
reply	memonko	V	MIN	from 'memonki' (answer, reply) + 'o' (verb suffix)
report	tesohovi	N	I.	from 'tesohovo' (here: to report) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
report	tesohovo	V	MAJ	back formation from 'tesohovamo' (messenger, reporter) + 'o' (verb suffix)
reporter	tesohovamo	N	C.	from 'tesohova' (message, alert) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	'tesohovomo' is a variant, but has a stronger connotation of 'announcer'
represent	vunojo ehe	V	MAJ	literally 'show as'
representation	vunojehi	N	I.	from 'vunojeha' (puppet) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
reproach	nesatilovo ... a ukainide	V	MAJ	literally 'remind ... of morals'
reproduction	hini	N	I.	from 'hi' (continuing) + 'ni' (life)
reproductive system	hinivo	N	C.	from 'hini' (reproduction) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
reptile	talva	N	W.	root	referring to larger reptiles, such as crocodiles
reptile	kavelu	N	W.	root	usually referring to smaller lizards or reptils
republic	Hotuvimolan	N	I.	from 'hotuvimo' (king, tyrant, dictator) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'n' (place suffix)
republic	Vunaman a hotuvimol	N	I.	literally 'nation of no king'
republic	vonseem	N	I.	loan from Ythnandosian 'vonjem' /vonɮem/, from classical Kauzic 'ḏonjem' (government, from 'ḏon' common + 'jem' power), narrowing in meaning to republic
require	teato	V	IR	from 'teo' (to need) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in transitive sentences, but rarely used
rescue	mudaso	V	MAJ	root
rescue	mudasi	N	I.	from 'mudaso' (save, take care [of], pay attention) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
rescue	umti	N	I.	from 'umta' (driftwood) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	particularly at sea
rescuer	mudasomo	N	C.	from 'mudaso' (save, take care [of], pay attention) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
research	fuumi	N	I.	from 'fuumo' (to meet, get to know, learn about, study, read) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
researcher	fuumimo	N	I.	from 'fuumi' (study, studying) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
resemble	hedojao	V	MIN	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'joha' (sight of something)	like 'to be' this takes one or two nouns in the direct case, and no direct objects.
resignation	ilnuhi	N	I.	from 'ilnuheo' (to give up, concede) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring both to the taste and feeling
resin	tahadova	N	C.	from 'tahava a dova' (liquid of tree)
resistance	eti	N	I.	from 'eto' (to meet resistance, opposition) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	resistance that is directed against the speaker or a group the speaker is a part of
resource	evohi	N	I.	shortening of 'evotohi' (gerundive of 'to get'), so 'something that is got or acquired'	Sarcastically, or when being modest, this can also be used for the result of your or someone else's work.
respect	johakaino	V	MAJ	from 'joo ehe [nohi] a ukaino' (see as [being] of honorableness)
respiratory system	nosaivo	N	C.	from 'nosai' (breath) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
rest	mihono	V	MIN
restaurant	hemon	N	C.	from 'hemo' (to eat) + 'n' (place suffix)
resting day	vuhami	N	I.	from 'vuha' day + 'mi' calm
restore	mohomoo	V	MAJ	extension of 'mohomoo' (to harmonize, reconcile)
restrict	soheno	V	MAJ	from 'soo' (to hold) + 'hen' (here) + 'o' (verb suffix)
restrict	daho	V	T	semantic extension of 'daho' (here: to imprison, cage, lock up)	In this sense requiring an object and commonly used together with these words: 'daho tahivati' – 'to censor/restrict words' 'daho vunojati/niooniti' – 'to restrict a show/movie from public viewing' 'daho kioviti' – 'to censor a part (of a movie/show/etc.) 'daho hotifiti' – 'to restrict the circulation of a book (while not banning the possession of it)'
restriction	soheni	N	I.	from 'soheno' (to hold back, restrict, limit) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
result	amefo	V	MIN	from 'amefa' (work, deed, result) + 'o' (verb suffix)
result	evo	AFF		from 'evohi' (here: result)	For anything where the result can't be influenced/altered by humans, such as mathematics
result	kilvuni	N	I.	from 'ki' (order, rank, place) + 'ilvuni' (end)	Used for races, votes and other things where a result is more or less a 'final order'.
result	evohi	N	I.	shortening of 'evotohi' (gerundive of 'to get'), so 'something that is got or acquired'	Originally, the result of something that wasn't your own or someone else's intentional work, but rather the result of the doing of impersonal forces, e.g. the result of a calculation. However, also used with the wider meaning of 'an unintentional/unplanned result'. Sarcastically, or when being modest, this can also be used for the result of your or someone else's work.
result	amefa	N	I.	from 'amo' (do, work) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)	Sometimes erroneously used for the result of a calculation, which would be more properly 'evohi'.
retaliate	atilo	V	T	semantic extension of 'atilo' (come back, return)	requires a transitive sentence
retaliation	atili	N	I.	from 'atilo' (here: to retaliate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
retire	evotono nihamo	V	MIN	literally 'become an elder'
retrieve	sundo	V	MAJ	root	of something which has a known location
retrieve	teko	V	MAJ	most likely a root, origin unknown
retry	nuhetilo	V	MAJ	from 'nuheo' (try) + 'tilo' (derivation suffix for verbs denoting a repetition of an action)
retted stems or husks	unosiva	N	C.	from 'unosi' (here: retting, preparing fiber plants by e.g. soaking their stems in water to separate fiber and wooden part) + 'va' (part, material)	Fiber plant parts, such as e.g. jute stems or coconut husks, prepared by retting. See notes on 'unosi' (retting) for an explanation of the term.
rettery	unosin	N	C.	from 'unosi' (here: retting, preparing fiber plants by e.g. soaking their stems in water to separate fiber and wooden part) + 'n' (place suffix)	A place for retting. See notes for 'unosi' (retting) for an explanation of the term.
retting	unosi	N	I.	from 'unoso' (to submerge, soak) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), identical to the etymology of 'unosi' (wetness)	the process of submerging the stems of fiber plants such as jute or the husks of coconuts to help separate the fiber from the wooden part
return	toheno	V	MIX	from 'tohene' (back, as in 'go back') + 'o' (verb suffix)	unergative in sentences where the subject animate, but ergative when the subject inanimate Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. 'to return to' is 'toheno li'.
return	atilo	V	MIN	similar to 'atile', it's originally from 'ato ilte', which became 'ato tile' and then one word with the 'o' verb suffix moved to the end, 'atilo'
revere	ukaino	V	MAJ	from 'ukaini' (honor) + 'o' (verb suffix)
review	fumotilo	V	MAJ	from 'fuumo' (here: to study, get to know) + 'tilo' (verb derivation suffix denoting the repeating of an action)
revolution	ilvuatihad	N	I.	from 'ilvuati' (here: removal) + 'haad' (bigness)
reward	muune	N	I.	root of uncertain origin, cognate with NGU 'mūn' (to deserve)
reward	muuno	V	MAJ	from 'muune' (reward) + 'o' (verb suffix)
rhythm	midi	N	I.	from 'midu' (heart) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
rib	hekku	N	C.	root
ribbon	itikoma	N	C.	from 'ite' (row) + 'ikoma' (leaf)
ribcage	hekkuf	N	C.	from 'hekku' + 'f' (collective suffix)
rice	fali	N	C.	loan from Veridian 'parÿ' (rice)
rice	fali	N	C.	loan from Veridian 'parÿ' (rice)
ricotta	dafute a musuu	N	C.	literally 'cheese of softness'
ride	jekejo	V	MAJ	from 'jekeji' (riding) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to ride a horse or other animal
ridicule	veeho	V	MAJ	from Middle Jutean 'veheho' (to laugh)	Intransitive meaning: be laughed at, be ridiculed.
riding	jekeji	N	I.	loan from Classical Neviran 'jek'eź' (/ɟɛk'ɛʝ/, to ride)
right	lumi	N	I.	from 'lume' (right, adverb) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
right	emal	I		from 'em' (or) + 'al' (negation suffix)
right	lumi	N	I.	from 'lume' (right, adverb) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
right	hokoni	N	I.	from 'hokono' ('life allows', be in the right circumstances to do something) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
right	lume	ADV		from 'lumo' (strength) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition suffix)	The right hand is the dominant hand for most people.
rightfully	hokone	ADV		from 'hokoni' (right) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
rightfulness	hokoni	N	I.	semantic extension of 'hokoni' (right)	particularly when used with 'a' in front of it as an adjectival noun
ring	tesoho	V	MAJ	from 'tesoho' (to sound)
ring	folda	N	C.	currently unknown
ring tone	tesohi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'tesohi' (shout)
rip	fesoo	V	MAJ	root
ripen	lottuvo	V	MAJ	from 'lottu' (freshness, ripeness) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
ripeness	lottu	N	I.	root, unknown origin
rise	vunuho	V	MIN	semantic extension of 'vunuho' (to dawn)
rise	luso	V	MIN	root
risk	dati	N	I.	from 'datu' (monster, creature, beast) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
rite	muje	N	C.	root
rival	tehomo	N	C.	from 'teho' (here: to confront, face) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
river	tahu	N	W.	from 'tahoo' (to flow) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	referring to a river found in a jungle
river	tahoon	N	C.	tahoo (to flow) + n (place suffix)
river burial	unsi a tahoon	N	I.	literally 'burial of river'	burial rite involving sending the body down a river on a small boat
river water	tahoonava	N	C.	tahoon (river) + ava (material suffix)
riverbed	tahonuuva	N	C.	from 'tahoon' (river) + 'uuva' (bottom)
riverplain	eeves	N	C.	root
road	jaaseton	N	C.	from 'jaas' (car) + 'ton' (path)	a road for cars or similar vehicles
road	tonat	N	C.	from 'ton' (path) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
roar	luuko	V	MIN	imitative
roast	eeno	V	MAJ	root
robot	matavahi	N	C.	from 'mat' (body) + 'vahi' (machine)
rock	fola	N	C.	root
rocket	himmin	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'himmiŋti' (/hɪm:ɪŋti/, rocket)
rocket launcher	kentakatel	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'kontaalkaačol' (/kɤɲtɑ:lkɑ:t͡ʃɤl/, rocket launcher)
rodent	dankufi	N	W.	from 'danko' (to gnaw) + 'u' (wilderness suffix) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
role	ninvat	N	I.	from 'ninva' (an abstract place, for example one's place in the world) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	any kind of major social role, especially a gender, sometimes also social positions of responsibility seen as equivalent or roughly similar to genders (at least according to prevailing gender norms), like e.g. caretaker, guardian, elder
roll	utukio	V	MAJ	from 'utuki' (sphere, sphericalness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
roll	setufi	N	C.	from 'setu' (hill) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix) after the similar shape of the baked good	any kind of small and round baked good
romantic interest	fumodiamo	N	C.	from 'fumodia' (date) + 'mo' (more permanent agentive derivation suffix)
room	tun	N	C.	root, origin unknown	a room in a building
room	dahe	N	I.	root	space in general
root	usa	N	C.	root
rope	lojatukefa	N	C.	from 'lojatuk' (coir, coconut husk fiber) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)	especially for ropes, cords etc. from coconut fiber or similar
rope	kaana	N	C.	root in Jutean of unknown origin, cognate with NGU 'kahana' (rope)
rose	asi	N	C.	loan from Mbamigi 'azi' (rose)
rotate	lesuko	V	MAJ	root
roughness	ilekami	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite suffix) + 'kelami' (evenness)
rouse	ijotovo	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (jump, throw) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
route	tonahi	N	I.	from 'ton' (path) + 'hi' (habit)
route	tonaho	V	MAJ	from 'tonahi' (route) + 'o' (verb suffix)
router	tonahivo	N	C.	from 'tonaho' (to route, guide) + 'ivo' (instrumental noun derivation suffix)
row	jeno	V	MAJ	from 'jene' (oar) + 'o' (verb suffix)
row	ite	N	I.	unknown, cognate with NGU 'ine' (class, type)
rub	faho	V	MAJ	unknown, possible root
rubber	eevuhu nuhe uldohi	N	C.	literally 'milk for sealing'
rubber tree	dova a eevuhu	N	C.	literally 'tree of milk'
rubbish	eeovola	N	C.	from 'eeo' (to be able to) + 'vo' (to use) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Literally 'that which can't be used'
ruby	kinik	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'kiinik' (/ki:nɪk/, ruby)
rudder	nojivo	N	C.	from 'nojo' (to steer, direct) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
rude person	vikinimo	N	C.	from 'vikini' (dirtiness) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
ruffian	heva	N	C.	from 'hevo' (to punch) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
ruggedness	ilekami	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite suffix) + 'kelami' (evenness)
ruin	ikovo	V	MAJ	from 'iko' (to desert, abandon) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
ruin	ika	N	C.	from 'iko' (to abandon, desert) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	any structures of a civilization or culture that have been abandoned and are now falling into a state of disrepair or were turned into ruins by some destructive event
rule	noitoti	N	I.	from 'noito to' (rule over, manage)	Referring to just rule.
rule	kivi	N	I.	from 'ki' (order) + 'vi' ('causer' suffix). Compare 'ami' (work) + 'vi' = 'amivi' (energy)	in a game, sports, or e.g. in a community, any kind of regulation
rule	lumoo ... ove	V	MAJ	from 'lumo' (strength, power, force) + 'o' (verb suffix) + 'ove' (on, on top of)	Refers to unjustified coercive rule maintained only via force.
rule over	noito to	V	MAJ	literally 'to lead to go', with 'to lead' meaning 'to make so. do sth.'	the phrase is similar to 'I make things go here' in English and refers to justified, just ruling only, not any kind of coercive power maintained via force or similar. Also used to mean 'rule over an industry' or 'rule over' in a more metaphorical sense.
ruler	hotuvimo	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	For unjustly ruling people or those with no legitimized rule.
rumour	saihasai	N	I.	semantic extension of 'saihasai' (doubt)
run	fofuuvo	V	MIN	from 'fofea' (here: to run, rain) + 'uuva' (bottom) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for water or similar, on the ground or in a ditch
run	vuo	V	MIN	from 'vuu' (quickness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
run	asijovo	V	MAJ	from 'asijo' (to take place, be held) + 'vo' (causative suffix)	to organize and run an event or similar
run	fofeo	V	MIN	cognate with NGU 'pōpea'	for water or similar
run after	vutonto	V	MAJ	from 'vuo' (to run) + 'tonte' (after) + 'o' (verb suffix)
run around	afeno	V	MAJ	from 'afenav' (common around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
run away	vuoheo	V	MIN	from 'vuo' (to run) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
run happily	sevo	V	MIN	root
run in forest	sevo	V	MIN	root
run into	atteo	V	T	from 'ato' (to come) + 'te' (against) + 'o' (verb suffix)
run over	tovo tuuve	V	MAJ	literally 'to run down'
rush	feuvo	V	MIN	root	referring to larger amounts, most commonly water, less often other liquids, even less often other things
rustle	tehedusa	N	I.	from 'teheko dusa' (move leaves)
rustle	teheduso	V	MAJ	from 'teheko dusa' (move leaves) + 'o' (verb suffix)
sachet	tusa	N	C.	from 'tusu' (seashell) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	a tiny perfumed bag or one that contains herbs, spices, condiments or similar to use in cooking or for serving
sacrifice	unsa	N	C.	from 'unsa' (to bury) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
sacrifice	unso	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'unso' (to bury, be buried), referring to early rituals in some communities
sacrificial site	unsan	N	C.	from 'unsa' (person to be buried) + 'n' (place suffix)
sacrificing	unsi	N	I.	from 'unso' (to bury) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sadden	fuediivo	V	MAJ	from 'fuedii' (sadness) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
sadness	fuedii	N	I.	from 'fuedo' (to fall) + 'di' (feeling)
safety	mudasi	N	I.	from 'mudaso' (here: save) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
saffron	demuve	N	C.	loan from Azri 'damuva' (/dɶmu:ⱱɶ/, saffron)
sail	huuteeko	V	MIN	from 'huu' (wind) + 'teheko' (here: to be moved, to be pushed)	uses 'an/un/in' (in, within) for bodies of water, so e.g. to sail an ocean is 'huuteko un saanuahad', or 'ado/udo/ido' (at) for lands sailed past
sail	dahuu	N	C.	from 'daho' (here: to trap, catch) + 'huu' (wind)
sailboat	huutekivo	N	C.	from 'huuteko' (to sail) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
sailor	huteekomo	N	C.	from 'huuteeko' (to sail) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
salt	kosema	N	C.	root
salt	nuaite a kosema	N	I.	literally 'class/category of salt'	any kind of salt, i.e. not just table salt, but also other chemical compounds formed from the reaction of an acid and a base
same	vave	ADV	I.	from 'vava' (the same) + 'e' (a common adverb ending)
same	vava	N	I.	reduplication of 'va' (thing)
sample	nuheo	V	MAJ	root
sanatorium	nusaifon	N	C.	from 'nusaifo' (to wake up, heal, cure) + 'n' (place suffix)
sanctuary	mudasin	N	C.	from 'mudasi' (safety) + 'n' (place suffix)
sand	netava	N	C.	net (coast)n + a (of) + va (material suffix)	only dry beach sand
sand	saanava	N	C.	from saa (wave) + n (place suffix) + ava (material suffix)	mostly wet sand at the bottom in coastal waters.
sand	iivo	N		root	Generic term for beach sand.
sap	eevuhu	N	C.	root	edible sap
sap	tahadova	N	C.	from 'tahava a dova'	inedible sap
sapling	kenu	N	W.	root	used for trees in a jungle or other 'wild' places
sapling	dovafi	N	C.	from 'dova' (tree, not in jungles etc.) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	used for trees grown in gardens, parks or other places that aren't considered 'wild'
sapphire	hedas	N	W.	from Achiyitqan 'hedác' (/hɛdát͡ʃ/, sapphire)
satellite	vuhataat a ven	N	C.	literally 'moon of ven', with 'ven' being a loan from Kavrinian 'von' (/vɤɲ/, satellite)
satiety	onki	N	I.	from 'onko' (fill, be full) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
satire	tahi a mello	N	I.	literally 'story of prank'
sauna	vanotun	N	C.	from 'vano' (heat) + 'tun' (room)
savanna	tajedovul	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'tayédowul' (/tajédowul/, savanna)
save	mudaso	V	MAJ	root
save	uilo	V	MAJ	from 'uila' (tray, rack, shelf) + 'o' (verb suffix)	a ditransitive verb like 'to give', requires no prepositions for the indirect object (usually the place the direct object is stored in), this meaning used for digital saving of documents etc.
saw	kiovativo	N	C.	from earlier 'kiovato' (to saw) + 'ivo' (instrument suffix)
saw	kivoto	V	MAJ	from 'kiova' (a cut) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes the 'li' preposition, 'li leke' = in two, in half. 'kiovato' is falling out of use, but still a dialectal variant in some regions.
say	fulo	V	MIN	root	takes the 'nuhe' preposition when specifying who is being told or talked to
say	memo	V	IR	from 'memo' (mouth)	Can take either an oblique object (usually introduced with 'a', about) specifying the topic or the thing being said, or a direct one (usually some word like 'va', part or 'ji' abstract/immaterial form of 'this', the proximal demonstrative pronoun) Neither is necessary if the sentence follows or introduces direct speech. A 'nuhe' is used before the word referring to the person or people being addressed If the speaker is unknown or unimportant, 'saini' (a person/people) or a similar term can be used instead of the pronoun or noun. Alternatively, the subject can be omitted entirely, thereby implying an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is said that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is said to be a/an ...' (See also the entry 'memo', 'to be said to')	'Memo la a datude hen.’ Here they say [something] about a beast. 'Memo datu hen.’ Here it is said that a beast exists [somewhere]. 'Memo datu a heni.’ It is said [by some, somewhere] that a beast exists here.
say excitedly	diito	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'diito' (to chirp, peep)
say happily	diito	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'diito' (to chirp, peep)
saying	fuli	N	I.	from 'fulo' (to say, tell) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
scald	tinasaavo	V	MAJ	from 'tinasaava' (burn caused by hot water or steam) + 'o' (verb suffix)
scald	tinasaava	N	C.	from 'tisohi na saavade' (burning through water)
scale	fudufi	N	W.	diminutive of 'fudu' (animal shell), ultimately from 'fudo' (to cover tightly, to shell)	referring to scales from a lizard, snake or similar animal
scandal	ilukaini	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ilukaini' (shame)
scar	divu	N	C.	root
scare	vandovo	V	MAJ	from 'vando' (fear) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
scaremongering	vomisa	N	I.	unknown	full definition: 'causing of a mass panic through fear-mongering or irresponsible handling of delicate information'
scarf	jodeku	N	C.	from 'ejoto' (to wear) + 'ado' (at) + 'eku' (neck, chin)	sometimes called 'ejotadeku' in older forms of the language
scarf	joteku	N	C.	from 'ejoto' (here: to cover) + 'eku' (neck), unlike the more common 'jodeku', which came from 'ejoto' (to wear) + 'ado' (at) + 'eku' (neck)	Sitti Jutean
scatter	ilikio	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ki' (order) + 'o' (verb suffix) second 'i' added in for ease of speech
scene	joha	N	C.	from 'joo' (see) + 'a' (a noun suffix)
scenery	joha	N	C.	from 'joo' (see) + 'a' (a noun suffix)
scent	temosaivi	N	I.	from 'temosaivo' (to smell good) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring to good smells
schedule	oonivo	V	MAJ	from 'ooni' (here: cycle, period) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
schedule	oonivi	N	I.	from 'oonivo' (to schedule) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
scheme	hajefa a toni	N	I.	literally 'plan of method'
scholar	fuumimo	N	I.	from 'fuumi' (study, studying) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
school	noitosanon	N	C.	from 'noitosano' (to teach, study, pay attention) + 'n' (place suffix)	for scholarly knowledge/formal education
school	fola	N	C.	from 'fola' (rock)	historically, school classes often took places at beaches on large rocks, since it had many important subjects (waves, the ocean, fishing, the weather as well as many important animals) nearby
science	tonesani	N	I.	from 'toni' (way) [+ 'a' (of)] 'nesani' (knowledge)
scientifically	tonesane	ADV		from 'tonesani' (science) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
scientist	tonesanimo	N	C.	from 'tonesani' (science) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
scissors	kiovialeke	N	C.	from 'kiovivo' (knife) + 'a leke' (two), so literally 'a two-knife'
scold	nesatilovo ... a ukainide	V	MAJ	literally 'remind ... of morals'
scoop	tasivo	N	C.	from 'taso' (to scratch, scrape) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
scorch	vuhoto	V	MAJ	from 'vuho' (to shine, warm) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used for the sun or similar celestial bodies, use for other sources of heat is uncommon
score	seo	V	MAJ	root of unknown origin	in sports or similar
scout	sondo	V	MIX	semantic extension of 'sondo' (explore)	rarely 'sooto' in some dialects Behaves like a minor verb in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but like a major verb when the subject is inanimate. Like other minor verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
scout	sondito	V	MIX	from 'sondit' (exploration) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Large-scale, and/or systematic exploration or scouting. Unergative in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but ergative when the subject is inanimate. Like other unergative verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
scout	sonda	N	C.	semantic extension of 'sonda' (wanderer, explorer)
scrape	taso	V	MAJ	root
scraper	tasivo	N	C.	from 'taso' (to scratch, scrape) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
scrapyard	eeovolan	N	C.	from 'eeovola' (rubbish, trash, junk) + 'n' (place suffix)
scratch	taso	V	MAJ	root	to scrape
scratch	hotio	V	MAJ	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to carve (in)
scream	sianodo	V	MAJ	from 'siado' (to scream) + 'nuhe' (because of) + 'o' verb suffix, 'siadonuho' eventually shortened and underwent metathesis	equivalent to 'to scream at'
scream	siado	V	MIN	from 'sio' (to yelp) + 'haad' (much) + 'o' (verb suffix)
screech	tulohi	N	I.	from 'tuloho' (here: to screech) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for screeching cries
screech	tuloho	V	IT	from 'tuloho' (to pierce, dig a hole) after the perceived or real ear-piercing sound of screeching
screen	johovahi	N	I.	from 'joho' (sight of something) + 'vahi' (machine)	Also used as a general term for the content that is displayed. Abbreviated as jv.
screw	aketantuk	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'aqtantuq' (/ˈaq̚.tanˌtʉ̀q̚/, screw)
scroll	hotif a desofenefa	N	C.	literally 'letter of coil' or 'coiled letter'	sometimes shortened to just 'desofenefa'
scrub	kuselu	N	W.	root
sculpture	olumafi	N	C.	from 'oluma' (construction, structure) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
scythe	kiovivohad	N	C.	from 'kiovivo a haad', literally 'knife of bigness'
sea	saanu	N	W.	from saa (wave) + n (place suffix) + u (wilderness suffix)
sea foam	saefa	N	C.	from 'saa' (wave) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)
sea foam	doosu	N	W.	from 'doose' (foam) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	any kind of foam in the sea, especially arising due to algal bloom
sea life	nuhuhaadu a saanu	N	W.	from 'nuhuhaadu' (ecosystem) and 'a saanu' (of the sea)
sea salt	tasake	N	C.	root of unknown origin, cognate of NGU 'tasāng'
sea wave	saa	N	C.
sea wave	saami	N	C.	from 'saa' (wave, sea wave) + 'a' (of) 'mi' (calmness)	used for calm waves
seafloor	saanuvi	N	W.	from 'saanu' (sea) + 'uuvi' (bottom)
seafood	hemesuuva	N	C.	heme (food) + s[aan]uva (ocean water and everything in it)
seal	nas	N	I.	from Kavrinian 'naz' (/ɲɑz/, 'symbol')	insignia
seal	uldo	V	MAJ	root	referring to sealing or filling gaps, holes etc.
sealife	nusaanu	N	W.	from 'nu [a] saanu' (wild life [of] the sea)
seam	dalki	N	C.	from 'dalko' (to sew, stitch together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), originally only referring to the act of sewing, later to the result of the action as well
seaport	hokehuton	N	C.	from 'hokehuto' (trade) + 'n' (place suffix)
search for	teko	V	MAJ	most likely a root, origin unknown
seashell	tusu	N	C.	root
season	dotohava	N	I.	from 'dotohaa' (year) + 'va' (part, material)
seat	heton	N	C.	from 'heto' (to sit) + 'n' (place suffix)
seawater	saava	N	C.	from saa (wave) + va (material suffix)	general term
seclude	linaho	V	MAJ	from 'linaha' (inward) + 'o' (verb suffix)
seclusion	linahohei	N	I.	from 'linaho' (to turn inward, seclude, shut away) + 'he' (reflexive suffix) + 'i' (immaterial abstract suffix)
secret	ejoti	N	I.	from 'ejota' (shadow, cover, hideout) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	a mysterious secret of e.g. a location, rather than a nefarious or implicating secret ('miki')
secret	miki	N	I.	from 'miko' (to dig) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	secrets of a person, organisation etc. (e.g. hidden true motives, hidden parts of their identity)
secretary	lihotomo	N		from 'lihoto' (correspond) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
secure	uso	V	MAJ	from 'usa' (root) + 'o' (verb suffix)
security	usimo	N	C.	from 'usi' (security) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	referring to the security department of a place such as e.g. an airport, or security officers in general
security	usi	N	I.	from 'uso' (to support, secure) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sediment	taneu	N	C.	from Middle Jutean 'taxeneu' (sediment, silt), probably equivalent to 'taha' (flow) + 'neu' (very fine sand, silt)
seduce	hedomido	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (take) + 'midu' (heart) + 'o' (verb suffix)
seduction	vikinivat	N	I.	from 'vikiniv' (something great or well-liked) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
see	joo	V	MAJ
seed	nike	N	C.	root
seed	niku	N	W.	from 'nike' (botanical seed) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	used for seeds of jungle or other 'wild' plants
seem	hedojao	V	MIN	from 'hedo' (to take) + 'joha' (sight of something)	like 'to be' this takes one or two nouns in the direct case, and no direct objects.
seemingly	hedojae	ADV		from 'hedojao' (here: to seem)
seer	vamejotimo	N	C.	from 'vamejoti' magic + 'mo' profession suffix
segment	kon	N	I.	semantic extension of 'kon' (large branch attached to a tree)
seismology	tonesani a saauvu	N	I.	literally 'science of earthquake'
seizure	hedi	N	I.	from 'hedo' (to take, kidnap) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
seizure	tivuu	N	I.	from 'ti' (here: motion) + 'vuu' (quickness)
select	hedado	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (take) + 'oda' (from) + 'o' (verb suffix), with the 'o' in between the two 'd's becoming 'a' later on
selection	hedadi	N	I.	from 'hedado' (choose, select) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
self	saihodohei	N	I.	from the reflexive of 'saihodo' (imagine), 'saihodohe' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	for illusionary/fake/imaginary selfs, i.e. something pretended or philosophically or religiously believed to not exist (as in e.g. Buddhism)
self	tai	N	I.	from 'ta' (first person singular pronoun) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract pronoun)
self-confidence	fesualumo	N	I.	from 'fesua' (spirit) + 'lumo' (strength, force, power)
semantics	nesanisini	N	I.	from 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'sini' (meaning, naming)
send	tovo	V	MAJ	from 'to' (to go) + 'vo' (causative trigger, here used as derivation suffix)	Used to refer to a sending that has specifics targets. unlike for example, broadcasts.
send away	tovoheo	V	MAJ	from 'tovo' (here: to send) + 'hea' (away) + 'o' (verb suffix)
send into space	daho	V	MAJ		also for launching something into air, e.g. a balloon, plane etc. context or additional objects can disambiguate if necessary	Dahono Laika saumati ehe novade a ikide. Laika was sent into space by humans as the first animal.
send on	tovo mekohe	V	MAJ	literally 'to send further'
sender	lihota	N	C.	from 'lihoti' (address) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
sender	motovohe	N	C.	from 'mo- ... -he' (temporary agent circumfix) + 'tovo' (send)	for anyone not sending something as a profession
sending	tovi	N	I.	from 'tovo' (to send) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sense	eehi	N	I.	from 'eeo' (to be able to, to be capable of) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Referring to the senses of a living being, like sight.
sense	dono	V	MAJ	from 'do' (feel) + 'no' (be)
sense of humour	melli	N	I.	from 'mello' (here: jocularity, gaiety, funny thing) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sensory system	fuumivo	N	C.	from 'fuumi' (perception) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
sentence	hoti	N	I.	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'ti' (motion)
sentence	vuati	N	I.	extension of 'vuati' (weight)	'to sentence someone' would be translated with 'vuato li...' literally meaning 'to lay a weight on someone'
sentry	netumo	N	C.	netu (border to wilderness) + mo (profession suffix)
separate	kilitio	V	MAJ	from 'kiliti' (separation) + 'o' (verb suffix)
separatedness	kiovi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'kiovi' (portion, serving)
separation	kiliti	N	I.	from 'kilita' (length, distance) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sequence	todehenti	N	I.	from 'todehento' (to follow) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
series	todehenti	N	I.	from 'todehento' (to follow) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
seriousness	fofeoha	N	I.	from the gerund of 'fofeo' (to rain) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
seriousness	kiova	N	I.	semantic extension of 'kiova' (sharpness)
servant	ama a netunede	N	C.	literally 'worker of a/the walls/prison'	in a fort, castle or prison
serve	hotuvonito	V	MAJ	from 'hotuvonit' (slave) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Referring to coerced work, e.g. of a slave.
serve food	utuko	V	MAJ	zero-derivation from 'utuko' (coconut), referring to how a lot of foods are traditionally served in emptied coconut shells	Intransitive meaning: 'be served (as food)', for example 'Utuko sedame' (A soup was served) Transitive/Antipassive: 'to serve (food)', for example 'Utukomo laf' (They serve food) or 'Utuko laf sedameti' (They serve a soup)
server	utukamo	N	C.	from 'utuko' (to serve food) + '(a)mo' (profession derivation suffix)
service	nuokedio	V	MAJ	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'hokedi' (service) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to serve e.g. a customer
service	vaso	V	MAJ	root	to service e.g. a plane
service	hokedi	N	I.	from 'hokedo' (to give away, to offer) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
serving	kiovi	N	C.,I.	from 'kiovo' (to share, part) + i (abstract suffix)
serving	onkifi	N	I.	from 'onki' (here: filling) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	referring to smaller servings or fillings
serving	onki	N	I.	from 'onko' (fill, be full) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
set	jufo	V	MAJ	root
set	ite	N	I.	unknown, cognate with NGU 'ine' (class, type)
set in place	kio	V	MAJ	ki (order) + o (verb suffix)	set things in place for a procedure, operation or task, at work or for a public event
set up	ito	V	MAJ	from 'ite' (group, row) + 'o' (verb suffix)	e.g. an internal organization, an archive, anything that has to do with data, documents, records or similar, especially when done for internal purposes or for a public archive
set up	kio	V	MAJ	ki (order) + o (verb suffix)	to set up everything for a procedure, operation or task, either at work, or for a public event, e.g. an exhibition
set up	asijovo	V	MAJ	from 'asijo' (to take place, be held) + 'vo' (causative suffix)	to organize and run an event or similar
settle	juto	V	MAJ	from 'jute' (home of a people) + 'o' (verb suffix)	originally meant 'make part of one's home', now used with a wider meaning
settlement	non	N	C.	no (to be, live) + n (place suffix)	Used mostly for smaller settlements, marked speech when used for bigger ones.
settlement	nonaf	N	C.	from 'non' (dwelling) + 'f' (collective/multitude suffix)	used more for moderately large, somewhat sprawling settlements on the verge of becoming actual cities (marked speech when used for smaller ones) or when referring to several settlements in a region together (there more used in rural areas) Cities and towns are formed with the augmentative suffix instead, 'nonat'. 'Nonafat' would mean referring to all settlements in a very large region (like a state) and is rarely used.
settlement	juton	N	C.	from 'juto' (here: to settle) + 'n' (place suffix)	More general than 'non', which refers more to settlements as in village/dwelling
settling	jutai	N	I.	originally from 'jutohi' (gerund form of 'to cultivate, domesticate, settle [down]), which over time became 'jutahi' and then 'jutai'
seven	kiif-leke	NUM
sever	tofo	V	MAJ	from 'tof' (chop, cut, severing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
several	kiovuf	DET	W.	from 'kiovi' (share, portion) + u (wilderness suffix) + f (multitude suffix)	referring to multiple wild/dangerous things, for example in a jungle. Can overlap with 'haad' (many) when talking about an average number (10-20) of small items. Which one is used would depend on whether the speakers thinks of the amount as a lot or not.
several	kiovif	DET	C.,I.	from 'kiovi' (share, portion) + f (multitude suffix)	referring to multiple familiar, abstract and unknown/unknowable things, but not wild/dangerous ones Can overlap with 'haad' (many) when talking about an average number (10-20) of small items. Which one is used would depend on whether the speakers thinks of the amount as a lot or not.
severing	tof	N	C.	root, imitative
sew	dalko	V	MAJ	root
shade	ejota	N	C.	from 'ejoto' (to cast a shadow)
shadow	ejota	N	C.	from 'ejoto' (to cast a shadow)
shake	femelo	V	MAJ	root
shake	ijotovo	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (jump, throw) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
shake awake	ijotovo	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (jump, throw) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
shaman	sanuhotimo	N	C.	from 'sanuhoti' (spiritual realm) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix)
shame	ilukaino	V	MAJ	from 'ilukaini' (shame) + 'o' (verb suffix)
shame	ilukaini	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ukaini' (honor)
shampoo	savivo a loja	N	C.	literally 'soap of hair'
shape	mati	N	I.	from 'mat' (body) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
shape	mato	V	MAJ	from 'mati' (a shape) + 'o' (verb suffix)
shard	amda	N	C.	from 'amdo' (to break, shatter) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
share	kiovi	N	C.,I.	from 'kiovo' (to share, part) + i (abstract suffix)
share	kiovo	V	MAJ	from 'kio' (to put in order, sort) and 'va' (stuff, known thing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
share online	tovo mekohe	V	MAJ	literally 'to send further'
shark	fetu	N	W.	root
sharpness	kiova	N	I.	semantic extension of 'kiova' (a cut)
shatter	kummato	V	MAJ	from 'kummo' (to pound, hammer) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
shatter	amdo	V	MAJ	root
shave	kenivo	V	MAJ	from 'keni' (shortness) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
shear	kenivo	V	MAJ	from 'keni' (shortness) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
shed	teluofo	V	MIN	from 'teluofi' (a sob, cry) + 'o' (verb suffix)	tears only
sheep	ake	N	C.	unknown
sheet of paper	ikoma a jehiooni	N	C.	literally 'leaf of white'
shelf	uila	N	C.	root of unknown origin, cognate with NGU 'ūira' (table)
shell	fudu	N	W.	from 'fudo' (to cover tightly, envelop) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	referring to the shells of animals, e.g. a snail, or any hard shell of fruits or nuts
shelter	udimon	N	C.	from 'udimo' (to help, support) + 'n' (place suffix)	what you grant friends and other people in need of a place to sleep
shelter	mudasin	N	C.	from 'mudasi' (safety) + 'n' (place suffix)	a designated place to shelter a larger amount of people, e.g. a sanctuary
shelter	ejotano	V	MAJ	from 'ejotan' (shelter) + 'o' (verb suffix)
shelter	ejotan	N	C.	from 'ejota' (cover, protection) + 'n' (place suffix)	a simple cover that provides minimum protection against e.g. wind or rain
shepherd	akemo	N	C.	from 'ake' (sheep) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
shield	netumivo	N	C.	from 'netum[o]' (guard) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
shine	vuho	V	IT	from 'vuha' (the sun) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used for the sun or similar celestial bodies
shine	voono	V	MAJ	from 'vuhi' (light) + 'oone' (moon) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Not used for the sun, but for the moon and other astral bodies as well as other smaller light sources (like a torch or flashlight) that don't create light so bright it makes the night as bright as day.
ship	kiovasaa	N	C.	from 'kiovo' (here: to cut, divide up) + 'saa' (wave)
ship	kiovasaavat	N	C.	from 'kiovasaa' (ship) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	a notably large ship
shipper	vattimo	N	C.	from 'vatti' (carrying, load) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
shipping container	helsehat	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'csëgčat ' (/çəɣt͡ʃɑt/, shipping container)
shirt	fesos	N	C.	from Achiyitqan 'psos' /psos/ (shirt)
shiver	ilvufano	V	MIN	from 'ilvufani' (cold) + 'o' (verb suffix)
shoe	jeke	N	C.	loan from Classical Neviran 'jek' (/ɟɛk/, shoe)
shoot	elkoo	V	MAJ	from 'elko' (bow) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for bows and similar weapons
shoot	senilo	V	MAJ	from 'senil' (gun) + 'o' (verb suffix)
shooting star	fueda (a vuhifin)	N	I.	from 'fuedo' (to fall) + 'a' (nominalizer), + 'of space'
shop	hokedon	N		from 'hokedo' (to give away, offer) + 'n' (place suffix)
shop	hemen	N	C.	from 'heme' (food) + 'n' (place suffix)	usually for stores that are exclusively or mostly offering food
shore	ves	N	C.	root
shore	vesu	N	W.	from 'ves' (shore) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	for wild, dangerous and/or uninhabited shores
shore	otu	N	W.	from 'ota' (river/lake bank, edge) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	referring to e.g. a river bank or similar that is dangerous to approach because it has predatory animals or some other danger there
short time	doonifi	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
shortcoming	loloi	N	I.	from 'lolo' (be insufficient) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	mostly, but not exclusively in amount, as in for example: 'We're experiencing a lack of skilled labor/important resources/etc.'
shorten	kenivo	V	MAJ	from 'keni' (shortness) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
shortness	keni	N		from 'kenu' (young tree, sapling) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	shortness as opposed to tallness
shoulder	etto	N	C.	root
shout	tesohi	N	I.	from 'tesoho' (to shout)
shout	tesoho	V	MAJ	from 'tesoho' (to sound)
shovel	mikivo	N	C.	from 'miko' (to dig) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
shovel	mikivo	V	MAJ	zero derivation of 'mikivo' (shovel), as it already ends in -o
show	vunoja	N	C.	semantic extension of 'vunoja' (sign, play)	referring to TV shows and similar
show	asi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'asi' (event)	talk shows, game shows, anything that would usually be called an 'event' if not on TV
show	vunojo	V	MAJ	from 'vuno' (make) + 'joo' (see)
show	masijo	V	MAJ	from 'maso' (lie, lay, lay down) + 'ji' (abstract/immaterial proximal demonstrative) + 'o' (verb suffix)
show compassion for	udo	V	MAJ	from 'udi' (compassion, empathy) + 'o' (verb suffix)
showcase	masija	N	C.	from 'masijo' (here: to show, present) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix), so literally translating to 'that which shows sth. or with which sth. can be shown'
shower	vailisaa	N	C.	from 'vaili' (tool prefix) + 'saa' (wave). Historically, rather than a shower, Coastal Juteans used the waves to clean themselves each morning.	For showers using modern plumbing. Other ones use 'fofeivo'
shower	fofeivo	N	C.	from 'fofeo' (to rain, pour water) + 'ivo' (instrument suffix)	A shower that doesn't use modern plumbing but a more simpler way, possibly just a bucket of water poured over yourself or someone else
shred	seko	V	MAJ	from 'seku' (gravel, coarse sand) + 'o' (verb suffix)
shriek	iiko	V	MIN	root, imitative
shrine	moomon	N	C.	from 'moomo' (spiritual guide, meditation teacher) + 'n' (place suffix)	shrines with a priest or meditation teacher working or living in or close to them
shrine	moin	N		moi (meditation, prayer) + n (place suffix)
shrink	ilhaado	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite-prefix) + 'haado' (grow)
shrinking	ilhaadi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'haadi' (growth)
shrub	mosel	N	C.	root	smaller shrubs and bushes
shudder	femelo	V	MAJ	root
shut away	linaho	V	MAJ	from 'linaha' (inward) + 'o' (verb suffix)
shut up	motevo	V	T	from 'motevi' (silence) + 'o' (verb suffix)	the transitive meaning of the ergative verb 'motevo' (intransitive: to be silent)
sibling	nulua	N	C.	root	any sibling
sibling	nuluat	N	C.	from 'nulua' (sibling) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	Casual, referring to an older sibling
sibling	nuluafi	N	C.	from 'nulua' (sibling) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	Casual, referring to a younger sibling
sick person	ilikimona	N	C.	from 'ilikimo' (here: to suffer) + 'na' (patientive derivation suffix)
sickle	kiovivo a desi	N	C.	literally 'knife of curve'
sickness	ilikimat	N	I.	from 'iliki' (confusion, disturbance, strangeness) + 'mat' (body)
side	unda	N	C.	root	referring to the body part
side	ninva	N	I.	from 'nin' (physical world) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)	1) a larger part of a physical place, as in 'this side of the forest', not the edge of something (see 'neti' for that) and not just referring to/implying being a half of one thing (as for example, 'one side of the paper') 2) also used to mean 'standpoint, perspective, view of something' (see 'There are many sides to this/in this argument') Used with 'nuhe' ('for')
side	neti	N	I.	net (coast) + i (abstract marker)	the narrow edge of something, as in 'side of the street'
sigh	osaha	N	C.	root, onomatopoeic?
sigh	osaho	V	MIN	from 'osaha' (a sigh) + 'o' (verb suffix)
sight	joha	N	I.	from 'joo' (see) + 'a' (a noun suffix)
sight	jai	N	I.	from 'joo' (see) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sign	hotitaio	V	MAJ	from 'hotitai' (signature) + 'o' (verb suffix)	when referring to signing documents or giving signatures in general
sign	vunoji	N	I.	from 'vunojo' (to show) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sign	vunoja	N	C.	from 'vunojo' (to show) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	e.g a traffic sign, or anything else that is a physical item
signal	ijotiva	N	I.	from 'ijoti' (here: transmission) + 'va' (here: content, stuff)	something transmitted, i.e. the 'content' of a transmission
signature	hotitai	N	I.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'tai' (self)
significance	sini	N	I.	from 'sino' (to name, mean) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
significant other	fumodiamo	N	C.	from 'fumodia' (date) + 'mo' (more permanent agentive derivation suffix)	used only if you aren't married (yet)
signpost	vunoja	N	C.	from 'vunojo' (to show) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
silence	motevo	V	T	from 'motevi' (silence) + 'o' (verb suffix)	the transitive meaning of the ergative verb 'motevo' (intransitive: to be silent)
silence	motevi	N	I.	from 'mo' (to calm) + 'tesoha' (sound) during Middle Jutean, when 'sound' was 'teshox', and 'sh' eventually became 'v'		'No doonifi motevi' There is/was a moment of silence. (be moment silence)
silent forest	dovanuuvi	N	W.	from 'dova' (trees) + nuuvi' (emptiness)	translates to 'empty trees', silent forests with no birds singing or similar
silliness	lemusa	N	I.	root
silliness	lemusa	N	I.	root
silt	neu	N	C.	root
silt	taneu	N	C.	from Middle Jutean 'taxeneu' (sediment, silt), probably equivalent to 'taha' (flow) + 'neu' (very fine sand, silt)
silver	tusa	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'tugia' (/tud͡ʒa/, 'silver', the element)
similarity	ehei	N	I.	from 'ehe' (too, like, as, likewise, similarly) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
similarly	ehe	ADV
simmer	favo havande	V	MAJ	literally 'to cook cautiously'
simplicity	uum	N	I.	likely root
simply	uume	ADV		from 'uum' (simplicity, easiness) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
simultaneously	doonivave	ADV		from 'doonivava' (simultaneousness) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
simultaneousness	doonivava	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'vava' (same)
since	une	ADP		from 'vuni' (here: beginning, start) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition suffix)	temporal
since	todehente	C		from 'todehento' (follow) + 'e' (a common preposition/conjunction/adposition ending)
sing	uivo	V	MAJ	cognate with NGU 'uiwo' (throat)	intransitive meaning: be sung, or be sung about
singer	uivimo	N	C.	from 'uivi' (song) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
sink	tuuvo	V	MAJ	from 'tuuvo' (descend, go down) + probably 'vo' (causative trigger acting as a derivation suffix), which was deleted over time again, as doubled syllables tend to
sink	soasavi	N	C.	from 'soa' (bowl) + 'saavi' (washing)
sit	heto	V	MIN	root
situation	ani	N	I.	from 'ana' (place) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
six	kiif-iki	NUM
size	haad	N	I.	semantic extension of 'haad' (bigness)
skeleton	vutamataf	N	C.	from 'vutamat' (bone) + 'f' (collective suffix)
skid	viiho	V	MIN	extension of 'viiho' (slide)
skill	amesani	N	I.	from 'amo' (do) + 'nesani' (knowledge)
skin	mada	N	C.	from ma[t] (body) + do (feel) + a (noun suffix)
skin	hooja	N	C.	unknown (root?)
skip	deo	V	MAJ	from 'dee' (past, beyond, during)
skull	vattofa	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone prefix) + 'toofa' (head)
sky	saanuhuu	N	C.	from saanu (sea) + huu (air)
skyscraper	doviat	N	C.	from 'dovi' (tower, tree-like high structure) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
slacker	amma	N	C.	from 'ammo' (to be lazy) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
slash	tofo	V	MAJ	from 'tof' (chop, cut, severing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
slaughter	kiovono	V	MAJ	from 'kiovo' (here: to cut) + 'ni' (life) + 'o' (verb suffix)
slave	hotuvonit	N	C.	from 'hotuvona' (the oppressed, subjugated) + 'it' (qualitative augmentative suffix)
slavery	hotuvoniti	N	I.	from 'hotuvonit' (slave) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sleep	mihinido	V	MIN	from mihono ido oone (take a rest at the moon)
sleep with	femaso	V	MIN	'fe' (archaic 'together') + 'maso' (lay, lie down)	used together with the 'ude' (with) preposition
sleeper	mihinidomo	N	C.	from 'mihimido' (to sleep) + 'mo' (agent/'profession' suffix)
sleeplessness	mihinidoldi	N	I.	from 'mihinido' (to sleep) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'di' (feeling)
sleepwalk	tamihinido	V	MIN	from 'to' (to go) + 'a mihinidohi' (of sleeping)
slice	utukiva	N	C.	from 'utuki' (sphere, ball) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
slice	dakko	V	MAJ	root of imitative origin
slice	dakka	N	C.	from 'dakko' (to chop, slice) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	usually referring to rougher slices, especially from things that aren't round
slide	viiho	V	MIN	root
slide ruler	tikkivo	N	I.	from 'tikki' (mathematics) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	First counting and mathematical operations in Jute were done by laying sticks in orderly heaps and adding/taking away from them.
slightly	ifi	ADV		root	also used as a diminutive suffix
sling	ijotivo	N	C.	from 'ijoto' (throw) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
slip	viiho	V	MIN	root
slipperiness	leso	N	I.	unknown, possible root?
slowly	feete	ADV		from 'feet' (slowness) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix)
slowness	feet	N	I.	originally from 'felto' (to crawl on the ground, or like an insect)+ 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix) + sound changes
slurp	viiho	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'viiho' (to slide), in the sense of 'letting food slide into your mouth'
small forest animal	fomkava	N	W.		small animals living in the undergrowth, like insects, worms, spiders, snails, rodents, small predators
smallerness	ilhaada	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'haada' (biggerness)
smallestness	ilhaadat	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'haadat' (biggestness)
smallness	ilhaad	N		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'haad' (bigness)
smallness	sivua	N	I.	root	more like 'tinyness' actually, but can also sometimes used to refer to a broader kind of 'smallness'
smash	tammo	V	MAJ	root
smear	vikino	V	MAJ	from 'vikini' (dirtiness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
smell	deki a enade	N	I.	literally ' ''hearing'' of nose'	often the 'a' and 'enade' are conflated in speech
smell	doneni	N	I.	from 'doni' (perception) + 'ena' (nose) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
smell	deko	V	MAJ	root	for disambiguation purposes, 'ude enade' (with nose) can be added
smell good	temosaivo	V	MIN	from 'temosai' (single or multiple breaths of air) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
smile	jaafuko	V	MIN	from 'joafa' (face) + ['a' (of)] + 'uke' (goodness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
smoke	keva	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'kere' (smoke, noun)
smoothness	kelami	N	I.	from 'kelama' (plain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
smudge	tuomo	V	MAJ	from 'tuom' (mud) + 'o' (verb suffix)
snack	favefafo	V	MAJ	from 'favefafi' (a snack) + 'o' (verb suffix)
snack	favefafi	N	C.	from 'favefa' (dish, meal) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
snake	udelsolka	N	W.	from 'ude' (with) + 'l' (negating suffix)+ 'solka' (leg)
snake	udelsolkat	N	W.	from 'udelsolka' (snake) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	used for larger or particularly dangerous snakes
snap	ekeso	V	MAJ	root, onomatopoeic	to break or break down (including emotionally), or to break something into two parts (e.g. a branch), or to otherwise make a cracking sound
sneak	tatiovenalo	V	MIN	from 'ato at kiovenal[ede]' (come from nowhere) + 'o' (verb suffix)
sneakily	tatiovenale	ADV		from 'tatiovenalo' (to sneak, be stealthy) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
sneaking	tatiovenali	N	I.	from 'tatiovenalo' (to sneak, be stealthy) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sneeze	kelio	V	MIN	root, likely of imitative origin
snipe	elkahoto	V	MAJ	from 'elkahoti' (sniper) + 'o' (verb suffix)
sniper	elkahoti	N	C.	from 'elka' (military/self-defense archer) + 'hotio' (here: to aim, target in a straight line) with the final 'o' dropped	also used for snipers with rifles, or similar weapons, not just archers
snivel	teluo	V	MIN	root
snore	heloo	V	MIN	probably onomatopoeic
snow	tuul	N	W.	from Achiyitqan 'tuul' (snow)
snuggle	navo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'navo' (approach, come closer)
so	li	C		extension of 'li' (to, in order to) ?	'so' as in 'in order to', for example: 'I went to bed early so I wouldn't be tired in the morning'. Not as in 'as a result', for example: 'I was tired, so I went to bed' or similar. Followed by a gerund (verb + -hi)
so	uji	I		from 'u ji', literally 'and this', meaning 'Yeah, so?'	the ‘so’ in e.g. ‘so, what do we do now?’ or 'so what'
so	ke	ADV		unknown, possible root. Was 'for' in ancient versions of the language	very
so	ehe ji	C		literally 'like that'	separated by a comma from the following sentence
so much	kehaa	ADV		from 'ke' (so, very) + 'haad' (here: much)
soak	unoso	V	MAJ	root
soap	savivo	N		from 'saavi' (cleaning) + 'ivo' (instrumental noun derivation suffix)	or anything else used in the function of soap
sob	teluofi	N	I.		soft, quieter crying
sob	teluofo	V	MIN	from 'teluofi' (a sob, cry) + 'o' (verb suffix)
social issue	haa a nonaf	N	I.	literally 'issue of community'
socialism	sahai a amafe	N	I.	literally 'political philosophy of collective/syndicate'
society	joomi	N	I.	'joomo' (member of a group or society) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sociology	tonesani a nonaf	N	I.	literally 'science of community'
sock	kemi	N	C.	from Achiyitqan 'qmi' /qmi/ (sock)
sock	ejotamatta	N	C.	from 'ejotamat' (clothing) + 'matta' (foot)
soft inside of bread	mesetaneva	N	C.	from 'mesetan' (bread) + 'va' (material, inseparable part suffix)
softness	musuu	N	I.	likely root
soil	uuva	N	C.	extension of 'uuva' (bottom)
soil	oenava	N	C.	from 'oena' (soil, earth, ground, land) + 'va' (material, inseparable part)	Referring to some soil or earth, not soil or earth in general. Can also be used to talk about the material of which soil is made up.
soil	vikino	V	MAJ	from 'vikini' (dirtiness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	ruin by making dirty
soil	oena	N	C.	root	While 'uuva' also can mean 'soil', it's more often used to mean 'ground, bottom', and 'oena' is the closer translation of 'soil' in most cases.
soil	oenu	N	W.	from 'oena' (soil, earth, ground, land) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	The soil or earth in the jungle.
solar eclipse	fejota a vuhade	N	C.	literally 'eclipse of the sun-OBL'	often shortened to 'fejota' unless that would be too ambiguous.
solar energy	amivi a vuha	N	I.	literally 'energy of sun'
solar system	olumu a vuha	N	W.	literally '(wild) construct of sun'
solar wind	saa ove vuha	N	I.	literally 'wave on top of sun'
soldier	ufena	N	C.	from 'ufeno' (to trace, hunt down, encircle) + 'a' (common noun suffix), originally 'those that trace and hunt down'
soldier	etimo	N	C.	from 'eti' (hostile rebellion, hostile resistance) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Using 'etimo' implies disapproval of the rebellion or group of fighters, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
solemnity	fofeoha	N	I.	from the gerund of 'fofeo' (to rain) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
solid	mati	N	I.	from 'mat' (body) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	a geometrical solid
solution	evotiki	N	I.	from 'evo' (resultative suffix for things where the result can't be influenced/altered by humans, such as mathematics) + 'tikko' (to calculate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Mathematical problems
some	kiovuf	DET	W.	from 'kiovi' (share, portion) + u (wilderness suffix) + f (multitude suffix)	referring to multiple (up to 5 with bigger items, 10 with average-sized items and roughly 20 with smaller items) wild/dangerous things, for example in a jungle
some	mane	DET		from 'mana' (hand) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)	referring in particular to quantity, or used with uncountable nouns like 'substance'
some	kiovif	DET	C.,I.	from 'kiovi' (share, portion) + f (multitude suffix)	referring to multiple (up to 5 with bigger items, 10 with average-sized items and roughly 20 with smaller items) familiar, abstract and unknown/unknowable things, but not wild/dangerous ones
some day	idate	ADV		from 'in doonati' (in the future) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
some time	donive	ADV		from 'dooni' (time) + 'va' (inseparable part) + 'e' (a common adverb ending)
someone	sainiki	P		from 'saini a iki' (one person)
something	kiovihe	P	I.	from 'kiovi' (a part, share) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), with an 'h' added in between to differentiate it better, and the 'i' becoming 'e' later on	for abstract and unknown things (that aren't wilderness-related)
something	kiove	P	C.	from 'kiovi' (part, share) + 'e' (here used as a suffix for an abstract pronoun of the common gender)	Used for known, graspable things.
something	kivuhe	P	W.	from 'kiovihe' (something abstract/immaterial), with the 'i' turned to 'u' to mark the 'wilderness' gender	older variant 'kiovuhe' still is sometimes used, too
sometime	kiovoone	ADV		from 'kiove' (some) + 'doone' (when, then)
sometimes	donakiovif	ADV		from 'donava a kiovif' (some times, literally 'time/instance of some')
somewhat	ifi	ADV		root	also used as a diminutive suffix
somewhat	tonije	ADV		from 'toni' (way, style, method) + 'e' (common adverb suffix) + palatalization and semantic drift: 'in the style of X' → 'reminiscent of the style of X' → 'a bit like X' → 'somewhat (like) X'
somewhere	kioven	ADV		from 'kiove' (some) + 'n' (place suffix)
song	uivi	N	I.	from 'uivo' (sing) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
soon	idenatifi	ADV		from 'in donaati' (in the future) + 'fi' (diminutive)
soon	inatife	ADV		shortened form of 'in donaati' (in the future) + 'fi' (diminutive) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
sorcerer	vamejotimo	N	C.	from 'vamejoti' magic + 'mo' profession suffix
sorry	mohomo	I		from 'mohomo' (harmony, natural order)	More colloquial version, the more formal one is 'mohomohomoo!' ('forgive!', 'reconcile!')
sort	kio	V	MAJ	ki (order) + o (verb suffix)
sorting	iti	N	I.	from 'ito' (here: to classify, organize, sort) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sound	tesoho	V	MAJ	from 'tesoha' (a sound)
sound	tesoha	N	C.	from 'teshox' (noise, Middle Jutean)
soup	hemetaha	N	C.	from 'heme' (food) + 'taha' (flow)
source	sundon	N	C.	from 'sundo' (to get, obtain from a known source) + 'n' (place suffix)	a water well, spring or similar
source of light	vuhefefa	N	C.	from 'vuhefefo' (to deliberately lighten) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	referring to deliberately created sources of light, like a campfire, a candle, a lamp
source of water	teka a saava	N	C.	literally 'finding of water'
sourness	mello	N	I.	root of unknown origin
south	uhee	N	I.	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'hea' (away, direction derivation suffix)	The sun rises in the north for Jute (being on the southern hemisphere), so going southwards would be going away from the sun during the day.
southward	uhee	ADV		from 'vuha' (sun) + 'hea' (away, direction derivation suffix)	The sun rises in the north for Jute (being on the southern hemisphere), so going southwards would be going away from the sun during the day.
souvenir	vi a nesatili	N	I.	literally '[unspecified] thing of remembrance'	Despite being both known and mostly used for physical items (though it's possible to refer to immaterial souvenirs as well with this phrase), it has the abstract/immaterial gender, since that is the gender of 'vi', 'unknown/unspecified thing, entity or stuff' which has that gender because the abstract/immaterial gender is also used for all unknown/unspecified things, even when they are existent in the physical world.
sovereignty	foinonaf	N	I.	from 'foi' (freedom) + 'nonaf' (community)
soy	lei	N	C.	possible root
soybean	nike a lei	N	C.	literally 'bean of soy'
space	dahe	N	I.	root	Usually refers to a designated, visibly limited area.
space	saanuvuhifi	N	W.	from 'saanu' (sea) + 'vuhifi' (star)
space	dahe	N	I.	root
space	foin	N	I.	from 'foi' (freedom, openness, independence, lack of chains or boundaries) + 'n' (place suffix)	Land that is not visibly limited by any boundaries and is free from anything else suppressing freedom of movement or other liberties. Used for example in politics or philosophy.
space out	daho	V	IT	from 'dahe', room, + 'o', verb suffix	sometimes used together with 'etevi hen' (abstract ‘away from here’) to reduce ambiguity
spaceport	himminan	N	C.	from 'himmin' (rocket) + 'n' (place suffix)
spaceship	vailita nuhe vuhifinede	N	C.	literally "vehicle for space"
spark	keleo	V	MIN	root of unknown origin
spark	kelea	N	C.	from 'keleo' (to spark) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
sparkle	vonofi	V	MIN	from 'vono' (to shine, glow, gleam, illuminate) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
sparrow	suut	N	W.	loan from Kavrinian 'zut' (/zɯt/, sparrow)
spasm	tivuu	N	I.	from 'ti' (here: motion) + 'vuu' (quickness)
speak	tahivio	V	MAJ	from 'tahivi' (language) + 'o' (verb suffix)
speak	tahivo	V	MAJ	from 'tahiva' (word) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Requires a direct object when used with personal pronouns referring to humans, which can't be direct objects themselves.
speak confidently	tahio	V	MIN	from 'tahi' (speech, story) + 'o' (verb suffix)
speaker	fula	N	C.	from 'fulo' (to say, tell) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
speaker	tahivia	N	C.	from 'tahivio' (to speak a language) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a speaker of a given language
speaker	vailitahiva	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine derivation prefix) + 'tahiva' (word)	device for playing sound
speaker	nuudekomo	N	C.	from 'nuudeko' (to message, express, communicate) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	speaker in a parliament, senate, council or a private club (anything that doesn't involve the entire public or is open to participation to the entire public)
speaker	lihotafamo	N	C.	from 'lihotafa' ([address of the] public) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	a speaker at any assemblies or events that involve the entire public or are open to participation to the entire public, not for councils, senates, private meetings or clubs etc.
spear	tikavet	N	C.	from 'tik' (stick) + 'vetto' (here: to hit)	sometimes also used to refer to arrows
spear	tik a kiova	N	C.	literally 'stick of sharpness'
special occasion	doonat	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
special unit	amafiit	N	C.	from 'amaf' (unit, team, collective) + 'hiit' (importance)
specialness	tai	N	I.	from 'ta' (first person singular pronoun) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract pronoun)
species	ilehu	N	W.	from 'ilehi' (difference) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
spectator	huja	N	C.	from 'hujoo' (here: to watch, view) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	of e.g. a play
spectator	mojoohe	N	C.	formed with 'mo- -he' (temporary agentive derivation circumfix) + 'joo' (here: to meet, attend)
spectre	jiikamo	N	I.	from 'jiik' (creak) + 'mo' (agentive suffix)
speculate	haadoko	V	MAJ	from 'haado' (to build) + 'ki' (belief) + 'o' (verb suffix)
speculation	haadoki	N	I.	from 'haadoko' (to speculate, contemplate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
speech	tahivi	N	I.	tahiva (word) + i (abstract suffix)	speech in general
speech	tahi	N	I.	taha (flow) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)	a prepared speech or story
speed	vuu	N	I.	from 'vuu' (quickness)
spell	lumo a tesoama	N	I.	literally 'power of voice'
spend	vo	V	MAJ	va (stuff) + o (verb suffix)
sphere	utuki	N	I.	from 'utuka' (coconut) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
sphere of ideas	vin	N	I.	from 'van' (wilderness, jungle, etc.), with the 'a' replaced by 'i', marking the abstract/immaterial nature of the place.	the traditional philosophical-mythological sphere of abstract ideas, geometric forms, mandalas and colors, with the divine numbers above all.
spherical thing	utuki	N	I.	from 'utuka' (coconut) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
sphericalness	utuki	N	I.	from 'utuka' (coconut) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
spice	nemiva	N	C.	from 'nemivo' (to spice, flavor) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
spice	nemivo	V	MAJ	from 'nemi' (taste, flavor) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
spice	keseha	N	C.	from 'keseho' (to mix, blend, add) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	referring to food mixtures that are used as seasoning, e.g. powdered stock or spice mixtures like curry
spiciness	tisi	N	I.	from 'tiso' (to burn, burn up, burst) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
spider	mevad	N	W.	root
spin	lesuko	V	MAJ	root
spin	sivio	V	T	semantic extension of 'sivio' (to twist)	requires a transitive use, so needs to be followed by a word referring to the fiber being spun, e.g. 'jute' (jute fiber) or 'evanuusuva' (wool fiber)
spinach	jute a Valedina	N	C.	literally 'jute of Baredina', a large continent to the west of Jute
spindle	siivo	N	C.	from 'sivio' (here: to spin) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
spine	usamat	N	C.	from 'usa' (root) + 'mat' (body)
spinner	siviomo	N	C.	from 'sivio' (here: to spin) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
spinning wheel	utukiva a dalkiva	N	C.	literally 'wheel of thread (for weaving/sewing)'
spirit	fesua	N	I.	root
spirit	fesua	N	C.	root	for good and/or helpful, not chaotic or evil spirits
spiritual guide	moomo	N	C.	from 'moo' (to meditate) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
spiritual realm	sanuhoti	N	I.	from 'sanuhi' heaven + 'ejoti' mystery	Traditionally, a separate spiritual realm was not believed to exist, and spirits believed to be either invisible, shy or hidden physical beings, however later contact with other religions and other developments have changed that to some extent.
spirituality	ejotifi	N	I.	from 'ejoti' (here: mystery) + 'fi' (feeling)	Of a person, the feeling or state of being spiritual
spirituality	ejotifivi	N	I.	from 'ejotifi' (spirituality) + 'vi' (enabler/causator noun derivation suffix)	Of a religion or similar, allowing for or inducing feelings of spirituality
split	kiovo	V	MAJ	from 'kio' (to put in order, sort) and 'va' (stuff, known thing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
spoil	mellovo	V	MAJ	from 'mellovi' (spoilage) + 'o' (verb suffix)
spoilage	mellovi	N	I.	from 'mello' (here: sourness) + 'vi' ('causer' derivation suffix)	Has the 'immaterial/abstract' gender because it's a generic term, which also is covered by that gender.
spokesperson	nuudekomo	N	C.	from 'nuudeko' (to message, express, communicate) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
sponge	lonta	N	C.	root
spoon	tasivo	N	C.	from 'taso' (to scratch, scrape) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
spork	vivieme	N	C.	from 'vivi' (thingamajig) + 'heme' (food)
sport	kilitohi	N	I.	from 'kilitohe', (to stretch oneself, to exercise) reflexive form of 'kilito' (to stretch) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	physical training or competing, or playing chess
spot	dahe	N	I.	root	some specific space/location
spouse	nodesaina	N	C.	no (live) + ude (with) + saini (mind, person) + a (common gender suffix)
sprawl	oeedovo	V	MIN	from 'oeedovu' (jungle) + 'o' (verb suffix)
spread	unosi	N	C.	semantic extension of 'unosi' (wetness)	a spread used for sandwiches etc.
spread	esoo	V	MAJ	root
spread out	esoo	V	MAJ	root
spread wood chippings	helko	V	MAJ	from 'helka' (wood chippings) + 'o' (verb suffix)	The direct object would be the source of the chippings, so that in intransitive sentences 'helko' would translate to 'be spread like wood chippings from'. Can also refer to other kinds of chippings.
spring	edoja	N	C.	from 'edojo' (to find, obtain, come across) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a spring of water, oil or similar, used when it was found by chance, and not after a deliberate search
spring	teka	N	C.	from 'teko' (here: to find, search for) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a spring of water, oil or similar, used when it was found after a deliberate search, not by chance
spring	sundoha	N	C.	from 'sundo' (to get, obtain from a known source) + 'he' (reflexive suffix) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	e.g. a water fountain or spring, both constructed and natural ones
spring	teka a saava	N	C.	literally 'finding of water'	a spring of water, found after a deliberate search
sprinkle water on	unosifo	V	MAJ	from 'unsofi' (dampness, moistness, humidity) + 'o' (verb suffix)
sprout	luusa	N	C.	from 'luuso' (to sprout, start growing) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
sprout	luuso	V	MIN	root	'to sprout something' would be translated with 'matio' (to form)
spruce	ujin	N	C.	loan from Gfiewish ujin (/ɯʝɪn/, 'spruce')
spy	mikojo	V	MAJ	from 'miko' (to dig) + 'joo' (to see), as spies in Jute often dug themselves in to observe their surroundings in secret
spy	mikojomo	N	C.	from 'mikojo' (to spy) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
square	fumotileke a nihi	N	I.	literally 'rectangle of (perfect) symmetry'	the geometric shape
square	fuumon	N	C.	from 'fuumo' (to meet, to get to know) + 'n' (place suffix)	a town or village center
squeak	jiiko	V	MIN	from 'jiik' (creak) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to noise made by inanimate objects or otherworldly beings
squeak	jiik	N	I.	root, imitative	referring to noise made by inanimate objects or otherworldly beings
stab	tiko	V	MAJ	from 'tik' (stick, branch) + 'o' (verb suffix)	with a stick or similar
stab	duso	V	MAJ	root	with teeth or a sting
stable	tunamova	N	C.	extension from 'tunamova' (barn, room for animals)
stack	masovo	V	MAJ	from 'masove' (on top of each other) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stage	doniva	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
stairs	tovivo	N	C.	from 'tovo' (ascend) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
stake	tiko	V	MAJ	from 'tik' (stick, branch) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stalk	suto	N	C.	root	of a plant
stalk	ufeno	V	MAJ	from 'ufenav' (wilderness-gender around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stalk	nuovano	V	MAJ	from 'nuovanu' (predator animal) + 'o' (verb suffix)	'stalk' as in 'stalk prey'
stand	masija	N	C.	from 'masijo' (here: to show, present) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix), so literally translating to 'that which shows sth. or with which sth. can be shown'
stand	dovo	V	MIN	from 'dova' (tree) + 'o' (verb suffix)	(inspired by Ashashiila 'zaræthu', stand)
stand behind	sehuko	V	MAJ	root
stand up to	dovo te	V	MIN	literally 'stand against/onwards'
stand up to	ildeso te	V	MIN	literally 'be unbowed against/onwards'
star	vuhifi	N	I.	from 'vuhi' (light) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	I. gender because it was unknown and originally not realized to be a fully physical object
starch	fummai	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'púmmlai' (/púm:la.i/, 'starch')
stare at	hotio	V	MAJ	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'o' (verb suffix)
starfish	kiifava	N	W.	from 'kiif' (five) + 'va' (here: animal)
start	vuno	V	MAJ	from 'vunam' (parent, creator)
start	novo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (to be, exist, live) + 'vo' (causative trigger, here used as a derivation suffix)	Has the meaning of 'launch, initiate', not 'create, make' (which would be 'vuno') Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project or club, or when talking about starting a car or similar vehicle
start	vuni	N	I.	from 'vuno' (to make, give birth, begin, start) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
start	novi	N	I.	from 'novo' (to start, cause, launch) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Has the meaning of 'launch, initiation', not 'creation, making' (which would be 'vuni') Used for example when talking about starting a new (team-)project or club.
start a business	novo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (to be, exist, live) + 'vo' (causative trigger, here used as a derivation suffix)
start a fire	tisefo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'efo' (causative verb derivation suffix, see also 'vuhefo')
start growing	luuso	V	MIN	root	'to sprout something' would be translated with 'matio' (to form)
state	ani	N	I.	from 'ana' (place) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
statement	tahivi	N	I.	tahiva (word) + i (abstract suffix)
statistic	kilvunif	N	I.	from 'kilvuni' (result) + 'f' (multitude/collective suffix)	specifically, an agglomeration of them, rarely used to refer to a single one
status quo	ani hen	N	I.	literally 'situation now'
stay	hono	V	MIN
steal	hedoheo	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (take) + 'hea' (directional 'away' suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	(remove from its proper place, like a statue from a temple or taking important natural resources abroad with no permission)
stealth	tatiovenali	N	I.	from 'tatiovenalo' (to sneak, be stealthy) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
steam	hofa	N	C.	root
steel	teeten	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'tääqton' (/tæ:xtɤɲ/, 'steel')
steer	nojo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'nojo' (to direct, point)
stem	suto	N	C.	root	of a plant
stem cell	matavafi a nike	N	C.	literally 'cell of origin/seed'
stench	famovi	N	I.	from 'famovo' (to stink) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
step	leto	V	MIN	root
step	leta	N	C.	from 'leto' (to step)
step	leti	N	I.	from 'leta' (a step)
step away from	letevo	V	MAJ	from 'leto' (to step) + 'eteve' (away from) + 'o' (verb suffix)
step on	lejovo	V	MAJ	from 'leto' (to step) + 'jove' (onto) + 'o' (verb suffix)
step up	lejovo	V	MAJ	from 'leto' (to step) + 'jove' (onto) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stew	favo havandife	V	MAJ	literally 'cook carefully'	using 'favo havandife' ('to cook carefully') instead of 'favo havande' ('to cook cautiously') implies using slightly more heat, or less stirring, or in general slightly less attention and restraint, but still more than the normal, unmodified 'favo' would imply
stew	sedame	N	C.	from 'seda' (pot) + 'heme' (food)	also used for porridge and other thick foods made in a pot
stew	nuo dooniti	V	T	literally 'give time'
stew	favo havande	V	MAJ	literally 'to cook cautiously'
stew	sedalada	N	C.	from 'seda' (pot) + 'ilada' (jute leaves)	jute stew (similar to e.g. Mulukhiyah)
steward	noitotimo	N	C.	from 'noitoti' (just rule, stewardship, management)
stewardship	noitoti	N	I.	from 'noito to' (rule over, manage)
stick	kuha	N	C.	root	a long stick of wood (or other material) that has been processed to be straight and slim
stick	mola	N	C.	root	referring to bigger sticks
stick	tik	N	C.
stick together	tahadovo	V	MAJ	from 'tahadova' tree sap, pitch, resin + 'o' verb suffix
stickiness	tahadovi	N	I.	from 'tahadova' (tree sap, pitch, resin) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
stifle	hotuvo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (keep) + 'tuuve' (down, downwards) + 'o' (verb suffix)
still	hehe	ADV		reduplication of 'he' (now, progressive aspect marker)
sting	duso	V	MAJ	root
stink	famovi	N	I.	from 'famovo' (to stink) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
stink	famovo	V	MIN	from 'famo' + 'vo' (causative suffix)
stir	afeno	V	MAJ	from 'afenav' (common around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stir-fry	afeno	V	MAJ	from 'afenav' (common around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stitch	dalki	N	C.	from 'dalko' (to sew, stitch together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), originally only referring to the act of sewing, later to the result of the action as well
stitch	kuvo	V	MAJ	root	Usually referring to rougher, less fine work than 'dalko' (to sew, stitch together)
stitch together	dalko	V	MAJ	root
stock	uilo	V	MAJ	from 'uila' (tray, rack, shelf) + 'o' (verb suffix)	a ditransitive verb like 'to give', requires no prepositions for the indirect object
stomach	velu	N	C.	root	lower chest/upper belly, seen as a separate body part, also referring to the organ
stomp	letato	V	MIN	from 'leta' (step) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stone	vata-	AFF		shortening of 'vuhata' (stone)	can be shortened to 'vat' in some dialects
stone	vuhata	N	C.	root	'vuati' (weight) is derived from this word
stone axe	vatakiova	N	C.	from 'vata' (stone prefix) + 'kiova' (sharpness)
stop	ilvutio	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuti' (stop, interruption) + 'o' (verb suffix)	to stop an activity
stop	ilvutovo	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuto' (to stop) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	to cause to stop an activity of someone or something
stop	ilvuti	N	I.	from 'ilvuto' (to stop) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	interruption of a journey or something else
stop	ilvuton	N	C.	from 'ilvuto' (stop movement) + 'n' (place suffix)	a bus stop or similar
stop	ilvuto	V	MIN	from 'ilvuno' (end) + 'to' (go)	to stop movement
store	hokedon	N		from 'hokedo' (to give away, offer) + 'n' (place suffix)
store	hemen	N	C.	from 'heme' (food) + 'n' (place suffix)	usually for stores that are exclusively or mostly offering food
store	uilo	V	MAJ	from 'uila' (tray, rack, shelf) + 'o' (verb suffix)	a ditransitive verb like 'to give', requires no prepositions for the indirect object (the place the direct object is stored in)
storeroom	uilan	N	C.	from 'uila' (shelf, tray) + 'n' (place suffix)
storm	huusu	N	W.	from 'huusa' (wind) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
storm	fivuavan	N	W.	from 'fivou' (storm, hurricane, cyclone) + 'havan' (wilderness, danger)	storm (mostly) on land, or from land
storm	fivoo	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'piwae' (to sink)
storm at sea	fivou	N	W.	from 'fivoo' (to storm) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
story	tahi	N	I.	taha (flow) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
storyteller	tahimo	N	C.	From 'tahi' (story) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
storytelling	tahimi	N	I.	from 'tahimo' (storyteller) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
stove	favon	N	C.	from 'favo' (to cook) + 'n' (place suffix)
straight down	ildesi tuuve	ADV		literally 'straightness down'
straightness	ildesi	N	I.	from 'ildeso' (be unbent) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
strangely	ilike	ADV		from 'iliki' (here: disorder) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
strangeness	iliki	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ki' (order)	a somewhat judgmental term, similar to ‘strange’ in the sense of ‘confusing, disturbing’
strangeness	ilninvi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite derivation prefix) + 'ninvi' (orderliness, order, normalcy)	a more neutral term, more similar to 'strange’ in the sense of ‘odd, weird’
stream	tahoonifu	N	W.	from 'tahoon' (river) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	smaller rivers or similar in a jungle
stream	tahoonifi	N	C.	from 'tahoon' (river) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	smaller rivers or similar
stream	fofuuva	N	C.	from 'fofuuvo' (to flow, run) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
street	tonat	N	C.	from 'ton' (path) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
street lantern	vailivuhefa a tonat	N	C.	literally 'lantern/lamp of street'
strength	lumo	N	I.	root
strength	lumomat	N	I.	from 'lumo' (power, force, strength) + 'mat' (body)	Physical power or strength only.
strengthen	haadovo lumoti	V	T	causative of 'haado lumoti' (grow stronger)
stress	netuuni	N	I.	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
stretch	daho	V	IT	from 'dahe' (room, space) + 'o' (verb suffix)	only used in intransitive sentences with 'at ... li' to mean 'to stretch from ... to'	Daho nonaf at netede li dovunede. The settlements stretch from the coast to the jungle.
stretch	kilito	V	MAJ	from 'kilita' (length) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stretch oneself	ammo	V	MIN	root	in order to relax or after waking up, not as part of exercising
stretch oneself	kilitohe	V	MIN	reflexive of 'kilito' (here: to stretch)	for the purpose of exercising
stretcher	mason a vatteei	N	C.	from 'mason' (place to lay down on) + 'a' (of) + 'vatteei' (portability)
strike	tefo	V	MAJ	from 'tefi' (achievement, goal, aim, target) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to 'strike' in phrases like 'the clocks were striking twelve'
strike	seo	V	MAJ	root of unknown origin
strike	vetto	V	MAJ	root
strike	sei	N	I.	from 'seo' (to hit or strike a target in sports or similar activities, to land) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
string	kanafi	N	C.	from 'kaana' (rope) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	usually long or very flexible, like a smaller rope, or the threads of a rope
string	sikulu	N	C.	likely a semantic extension of 'sikulu' (twig)	usually shorter or less flexible, more similar to a twig, cord, ribbon
strive towards	mohomoo	V	MAJ	mohomo (harmony) + o (verb suffix)
stroll	sondi	N	I.	from 'sondo' (here: to walk or wander around) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
structure	oluma	N	C.	from 'olumo' (here: to construct, erect) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a (physical) construction, particularly buildings, bridges etc.
structure	mati	N	I.	from 'mat' (body) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	referring to an (underlying) form, not any kind of construction such as a shed
structure	olumafi	N	C.	from 'oluma' (construction, structure) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	small construction or structure, like a doghouse or some art installation
struggle	tehomi	N	I.	from 'tehomo' (fighter, rebel) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	refers to a fight, struggle or rebellion that can be more metaphorical, and is supported or at least not opposed by the speaker or any group they are affiliated with
student	fuumimo	N	I.	from 'fuumi' (study, studying) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
studio	hotion	N	C.	from 'hotio' (to write) + 'n' (place suffix)
study	fuumi	N	I.	from 'fuumo' (to meet, get to know, learn about, study, read) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	non-scientific study
study	noitosano	V	MAJ	from 'noito' (to lead, make so. do sth.) + 'nesani' (knowledge)	intransitive sentences only, for scholarly knowledge/formal education
study	saihon	N	C.	saiho (think) + n (place suffix)	referring to the room, not the activity
study	fuumi	N	I.	from 'fuumo' (to meet, get to know, learn about, study, read) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	not just in the sense of 'a recent study shows that...', but also encompassing any kind of scholarly undertaking
study	fuumo	V	MAJ	root
study hard	jaso	V	MAJ	root
studying	fuumi	N	I.	from 'fuumo' (to meet, get to know, learn about, study, read) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
stuff	va	N	C.		for stuff/things you know about
stuff	vi	N	I.	v[a] (material, stuff) + i (abstract/unknown suffix)	For unspecified stuff, or stuff you don't know about
stuff	onko	V	MAJ	root, possible cognate with NGU 'hango' (full)
stuff a piece of bread and honey in a person's mouth during that person's first visit to your house	saimehao ... ehe Fales	V	MAJ	literally 'to greet like a Fals'	the '...' is to be replaced by the subject of the sentence
stump	kaat	N	C.	root
stun	molo	V	MAJ	from 'mola' (stick, club) + 'o' (verb suffix)
stupidity	ilajeohi	N	I.	From 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hajeohi' (intelligence)	General ignorance, especially for those who think they know a lot, but are sorely mistaken, or for those who think that 'knowing things' is not as useful as a fist. The 'annoying' kind of ignorance, often defying attempts at correction/education.
sturdiness	dovi	N	I.	from 'dova' (tree) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
sturgeon	daike	N	C.	root, of Middle Jutean origin
style	toni	N	I.	from 'ton' (path) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	Not limited to fashion-related uses.
stylus	hotivo	N	C.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence, [short] writing) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
subatomic particle	vifi	N	I.	from 'vi' (here: atomic or subatomic matter) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	sometimes specified as 'vifi a viva' (particle of atom)
subconscious	sainu	N	W.	from sai (thought) + n (place suffix) + u (wilderness suffix)
subdue	lumadoo	V	MAJ	from 'lumadou' (oppression by force) + 'o' (verb suffix)
subject	va	N	I.		The broad subject of a talk, discussion, field of study, etc. 'Linguistics', 'Sports', 'Plans for tomorrow' are broad topics. 'The winning strategy of our team' and 'The trip to the mountains tomorrow' are more specific topics and would use 'sinitahi'.
subject	sinitahi	N	I.	from 'sini' (here: meaning, reason) + 'tahi' (speech, talk, story)	the specific subject of a talk, discussion etc.
subject	nesaniva	N	I.	from 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'va' (inseparable part)	for school subjects, fields of studies or similar stress on the last syllable to distinguish it from 'nesaniva' (physics/chemistry)
subject	ama	N	I.	from 'amo' (to do, work) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
submarine	vailita a saanuva	N	C.	literally 'vehicle of deep sea' (oblique case ending omitted)
submerge	unoso	V	MAJ	root	to submerge in water
substance	va a eehi	N	C.	literally 'substance of function'	any substance carrying out a function that has an effect in its surroundings or in the system it is in
substance	va	N	C.
substantialness	va	N	I.
substitute	jufeho	V	MAJ	from 'jufo' (to set) + 'ehe' (as, like) + 'o' (verb suffix)
substitute	jufehi	N	I.	from 'jufeho' (replace) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
subtraction	hedohei	N	I.	from 'hedoheo' (take away sth. from sth. or so.) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
succeed	lomoho	V	IT	semantic extension of 'lomoho' (to complete, finish, accomplish)	only used intransitively
succeed at	amefoko	V	MAJ	from 'amefoke' (success) + 'o' (verb suffix)
succeed in	amefoko	V	MAJ	from 'amefoke' (success) + 'o' (verb suffix)
succeed with	amefoko	V	MAJ	from 'amefoke' (success) + 'o' (verb suffix)
success	amefoke	N	I.	from 'amefa' (work, deed, result) + 'uke' (good)
successfully	amefokee	ADV		from 'amefoke' (success) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
succession	todehenti	N	I.	from 'todehento' (to follow) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
successor	todentia	N	C.	from 'todentii' (next) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	sometimes 'todentiamo' to differentiate from the meaning 'next thing' or 'that which is next', which is formed the same way
suck	emtoo	V	MAJ	root
suddenly	tatiovenale	ADV		from 'tatiovenalo' (to sneak, be stealthy) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
suddenly	siovanale	ADV		from 'siovan' (warning) + 'al' (negation suffix) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
suffer	ilikimo	V	MAJ	from 'ilikimat' (disease, illness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
suffering	ilikimi	N	I.	from 'ilikimo' (to suffer) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
suffering	lumadou	N	I.	from 'luma' (here: force, power) + 'a doohu' (of wrongness, injustice)	Suffering under oppression.
suffice	lo	V	IT	root
suffice	onko	V	MIN	root, possible cognate with NGU 'hango' (full)	when used with liquids in intransitive sentences
sufficiency	lii	N	I.	from 'lo' (to suffice) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
suffocate	hedoheo huuti	V	MAJ	literally 'take away air'
sugar	kim	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'gihm' (/gɪhm̥/, sugar)
suggest	hao sahaamo	V	MAJ	literally 'ask to consider'
suicide	ilvuninohi he	N	I.	from the gerund form of 'ilvunino' (to kill) + 'he' (reflexive marker)
sum	mekohefa	N	I.	from 'mekoo' (to add, contribute to, collect, combine) + 'efa' (resultative suffix)
summon	tesohofo	V	MAJ	from 'tesoho' (here: to call, alert) + 'fe' (together) + 'o' (verb suffix)
sun	ammo	V	MIN	root
sun	vuha	N	I.	from Middle Jutean 'vuxa' (sun)
Sun	vuha	PPR	C.	from Middle Jutean 'vuxa' (sun)
sunflower	tekulse	N	C.	loan from Gfiewish 'tekulwsfamg' (sunflower's)
sunflower oil	menesa a tekulse	N	C.	literally 'oil of sunflower'
sunflower seed	nike a tekulse	N	C.	literally 'seed of sunflower'
sunglasses	jivo nuhe vuha	N	C.	literally 'glasses for sun'
sunlight	vuhova	N	I.	from 'vuho' (to shine, lighten, warm) + 'va' (here: 'material' derivation suffix)
sunray	savuha	N	C.	from 'saa'(wave) + 'vuha' (sun)
sunrise	edoivuhi	N	I.	from 'edohi' (appearing) + 'vuha' (sun) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
sunset	ijavuhi	N	I.	from 'ijihi a vuha' (blinding of the sun) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
supernova	tisolumi a vuhifi	N	I.	literally 'explosion of star'
supplies	nunova	N	C.	from 'nuno' (to dwell) + 'va' (material, part)
supply	edovova	N	I.	from 'edovo' (to deliver, supply) + 'va' (things, stuff)
supply	edovo	V	MAJ	from 'edo' (here: appear) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)
support	vunojo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'vunojo' (show)	to support a theory or belief or point towards a particular conclusion
support	udimi	N	I.	from 'udimo' (to help, support) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	support provided to a person, or other living being
support	udimo	V	MAJ	from 'ude' (with) + 'amo' (do)	provide assistance to someone
support	uso	V	MAJ	from 'usa' (root) + 'o' (verb suffix)	provide a foundation or scaffolding, e.g. for a building
support	udimivo	N	I.	from 'udimo' (to help, support) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	something that helps with a particular activity or task, or in a particular situation
supposedly	sine	ADV		from 'sino' (here: to call, name) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
suppress	hotuvo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (keep) + 'tuuve' (down, downwards) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Also used for e.g. languages or religions, including with not physically violent means like censorship or psychological warfare.
suppress	noito motevo	V	MAJ	literally 'force to be quiet'
suppress	netuuno	V	MAJ	from 'netuuni' (mental prison, block) + 'o' (verb suffix)	To suppress painful, awkward or embarrassing memories, thoughts or feelings
suppression	hotuvi	N	I.	from 'hotuvo' (oppress, suppress, stifle) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
suppression	dahohi	N	I.	from the gerund form of 'daho' (here: to restrict, censor)	Commonly used together with these words: 'dahohi a tahivade' – 'suppression of words' 'dahohi a vunojade/nioonide' – 'suppression of a show/movie' 'dahohi a hotifide' – 'suppression of a book' Not used when talking about the suppression of people, a language or a religion (use 'hotuvohi' for that)
supremacy	nohefi	N	I.	from 'noohi' (above) + '(he) efi' (all)
surf	mohoso	V	MAJ	from 'mohosaa' (surfing) + 'o' (verb suffix)	sometimes translated as 'to balance on the water', not requiring any adpositions
surfboard	umtivo	N	C.	from 'umto' (to float) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
surfing	mohosaa	N	I.	from 'mohomoo' (here: to balance) + 'saa' (waves)	also known as 'balancing on the waves'
surplus	oosa	N	C.	from 'oos' (too much) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
surprise	ilsahasi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'sahasio' (to expect), with the verb suffix 'o' left out
surrender	nohea	N	I.	from 'nuo hea' (to give away)
surrender	noheo	V	MAJ	from 'nohea' (a surrender) + 'o' (verb suffix)
surround	feno	V	MAJ	from 'afena' (common around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
surrounding	feni	N	I.	from 'feno' (to surround) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
survive	eono	V	MIN	from 'eeo' (to be capable of doing sth.) + 'no' (to live, to be)
sustain	honijo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'ni' (life) + 'o' (verb suffix) with sound changes/palatalization
sustenance	nuamivi	N	C.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'amivi' (energy)
sustenance	honiji	N	I.	from 'honijo' (to keep alive, sustain) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
swamp	fenvolka	N	W.	of Klambari-Jutean origin	subtropical and tropical swamps
swamp forest	dovunuuso	N	W.	from 'dovun' (grove) + 'unoso' (to soak, submerge)	especially subtropical and tropical swamp forests
sweat	miiso	V	MIN	root
sweetie	dififi	N	C.	from 'diaadif' (love) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
sweetness	sommu	N	I.	root
sweets	somma	N	C.	from 'sommu' (sweetness) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
swell	duvo	V	MIN	root
swelling	duva	N	C.	from 'duvo' (agglomerate, clot, swell) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	any kind of liquid that has turned solid or coagulated
swim	sao	V	IT	from 'saa' (sea wave) + 'o' (verb suffix)	when used in intransitive sentences
swimming	sai	N	I.	from sao (swim) + i (immaterial suffix)
swimming pool	tuloha a sai (nuhe kilitomode)	N	C.	literally 'hole of swimming (for athletes)'	for a pool (also) used for competitions or training 'nuhe kilitomode' (for athletes) can be added to specify
swimming spot	sain	N	C.	from sai (swimming) + n (place suffix)
swirl	saanemtufi	N	C.	from 'saanemtu' (whirlpool, maelstrom) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
swirl	saanemto	V	IT	from 'saanemtu' (whirlpool, maelstrom, vortex)
sword	sitili	N	C.	from 'sitirli' (Middle Jutean for 'iron weapons', including swords), loan from Klambari-Jutean 'sitterli' (iron sword, sword), ultimately from Klambari 'stüdterl' (iron)
syllabary	hotivaf	N	I.	from 'hotiva' (letter, graph, glyph) + 'f' (multitude/collective suffix)
syllable	kiovi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'kiovi' (portion, serving)	sometimes lengthened to 'kiovi a tesoha', 'portion of sound'
symbol	vunojehi	N	I.	from 'vunojeha' (puppet) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
symmetry	nihi	N	I.	from 'no' (here: to be) + 'ehe' (similarly, likewise etc.) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	referring to perfect or the maximum amount of symmetry
syndicate	amafe	N	C.	from 'ama' 'worker' + 'fe' (collective suffix after some syllables, including mV)
syrup	eevuhu a afui	N	C.	literally 'sap/juice of thickness'
system	vaaki	N	I.	from 'va an ki' (things (inseparably belonging to something) in order)
systematically	kie	ADV		from 'ki' (here: order) + 'e' (here: adverb suffix)
tab	kivo	N	C.	from 'ki' (order) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	any physical objects that are used for ordering or organizing of a large amount of things, such as tabs in folders or separators in a bookshelf. Not for things of which you usually only use one, like a personal organizer.
tab	kivo	N	I.	semantic extension of 'kivo' (organizer, tab)
table	masija	N	C.	from 'masijo' (here: to show, present) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix), so literally translating to 'that which shows sth. or with which sth. can be shown'
table	okion	N	C.	from 'okio' (to put) + 'n' (place suffix)
tail	vahava	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'wauāwa' (tail)
take	hedo	V	MAJ	root
take apart	ilejoto	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ejota' (to cover, disguise, protect, cast a shadow)	not used in the sense of taking away something from someone, but more in the sense of removing a cover or case.
take away	hedoheo	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (take) + 'hea' (directional 'away' suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	unjustified or illegal taking away, stealing
take away	tavuheo	V	MAJ	from 'tavuo' (bring) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	when talking about things or persons that shouldn't be in the place the speaker is talking about, or that were or are being removed
take away	ilejoto	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ejota' (to cover, disguise, protect, cast a shadow)	not used in the sense of taking away something from someone, but more in the sense of removing a cover or case.
take away responsibility	ilvuato	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'vuato' (weigh, lay weight on)
take care	mudaso	V	MAJ	root
take care of	mudaso	V	MAJ	root
take delight in	sovio	V	MAJ	root	intransitive meaning 'lead to rejoicing, be enjoyed very much'
take for granted	sahasio	V	IR	from 'saiho' (think) + 'asijo' (happen) during a time when 'asijo' didn't have a 'j' yet.
take hostage	noitadovo	V	MAJ	from 'noito' (here: force) + 'tahadovo' (stick together, connect)
take in	tano	V	MAJ	from 'tane' (inside) + 'o' (verb suffix)
take off	noheo	V	MIN	from 'no' (be) + 'hea' (away suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Takes the 'at' (locative from) preposition.
take off	ilejoto	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ejota' (to cover, disguise, protect, cast a shadow)
take over	hedoheo	V	MAJ	from 'hedo' (take) + 'hea' (directional 'away' suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
take place	asijo	V	MIN	from 'asi' (event) + 'o' (verb suffix) (+ some sound changes leading 'i' to first become a long vowel and then 'ij')
take time	hedo dooniti	V	T	literally 'take time'
taken together	asaife	ADV		from 'a' (of) + 'sai' (thought) + 'fe' (together)
taking	hedi	N	I.	from 'hedo' (to take, kidnap) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
taking a lot of time	teo dooni ehe nuhe siviohi	PHR		literally 'time is needed like for spinning (fibre)'
talent	ehaani	N	I.	from 'eehi' (ability) + 'havani' (here: naturalness)
talk	tahodeni	N	I.	from 'tahoo ude na' (talk with you) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
talk	tahi	N	I.	taha (flow) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
talk	tahoo	V	MIN	from 'taxone' (River Jutean for 'river') 'x' (/x/) becomes 'h' in (coastal) Jutean, 'ne' was dropped over time and the meaning expanded.
talk to	taholo	V	MAJ	from 'tahoo' (to talk) + 'li' (to, towards) + 'o' (verb suffix	Ergative version of the unergative 'tahoo' (to talk)
tame	ilvano	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'vano' (to be wild, to be dangerous, to burn)
tamper	ilvuhivo	V	MAJ	from 'ilvuhi' (pitch-black darkness) + 'vo' (causative suffix)	tamper with something to hide a part or whole (e.g a line on a document, use lighting to not show something, etc.)
tangle	kuselo	V	MAJ	from 'kuselu' (scrub, undergrowth, thicket) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tape	itikoma	N	C.	from 'ite' (row) + 'ikoma' (leaf)
target	tefi	N	I.	from 'tefa' (goal) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	A goal you set out and usually hope to be able to fulfill.
target	vetton	N	C.	from 'vetto' (to hit, strike, hurt) + 'n' (place suffix)	Physically existing targets for archery and the like.
target	seavi	N	C.	from 'sea' (goal, target in sports or similar activities) + 'vi' (thing)	A target in archery, another sport or something similar, casual
target	sea	N	C.	from 'seo' (to hit or strike a target in sports or similar activities, to land) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	A target in archery, another sport or something similar
target	hotio	V	MAJ	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used for guns, especially things like sniping, where the trajectory resembles more of a straight line
target	elkoo	V	MAJ	from 'elko' (bow) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for bows and similar weapons, distinguished from 'elkoo' (to shoot) by context, adverbs or additional verbs like 'nuheo' (to try)
target	nojo ... vettonede	V	MAJ	literally 'to point (towards) a target'	Ellipsis gets replaced by the subject. Physically existing targets for archery and the like. Abstract/immaterial aims or targets use 'tefide' instead.
tariff	eveset	N	I.	loan from South Jutean 'cevesete' (fine, toll), originally from Old Gfiewish 'gewst tvo' (forced offering), equivalent to modern Gfiewish 'keld' (toll booth, customs station)
task	amiva	N	I.	from 'ami' (work, job, duty) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
taste	nemi	N	I.	from 'nema' (tongue) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
taste	eehi nuhe nemohi	N	I.	literally 'ability for taste'	in more casual speech often shortened to something like 'eei nuemohi' or 'eehi ne-emo(h)i'
taste	nemo	V	MAJ	from 'nema' (tongue) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tavern	tahoin	N	C.	from 'tahoohi' (gerundive of 'to drink') + 'n' (place suffix)
tax	nuokeda a noitohi	N	I.	literally 'forced contribution'
tax	noito nuokeda	V	MIN	literally 'force a contribution'	that which is taxed is preceded by a 'nuhe' (for) and takes the oblique case
tax base	oenivi	N	I.	from 'oeni' (foundation) + 'vi' (suffix denoting something that enables something else to exist or happen)
tea	les	N	C.	loan from Veridian leš (/lɜʃ/, tea)
teach	noitosano	V	T	from 'noito' (to lead, make so. do sth.) + 'nesani' (knowledge)	transitive sentences only, for scholarly knowledge/formal education
teach	donosano	V	T	from 'dono' (to experience) + 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'o' (verb suffix)	not used for formal education, but for things like 'teach someone a (life) lesson' in transitive sentences
teach a skill	amesano	V	MAJ	from 'amesani' (skill) + 'o' (verb suffix)
teacher	noitosanimo	N	C.	from 'noitosani' (teaching) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
teaching	noitosani	N	I.	from 'noitosano' (to teach) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
team	amafe	N	C.	from 'ama' 'worker' + 'fe' (collective suffix after some syllables, including mV)
tear	usoliva	N	C.	from 'usoli' (a cry, mourning, lamentation) + 'va' (part suffix)	referring to tears cried
tear	fesoo	V	MAJ	root
tear to shreds	fesoo	V	MAJ	root
tease	felto	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'felto' (to creep, crawl)
technical drawing	okiofe	N	C.	semantic extension of 'okiofe' (less abstract concept)
technique	tonami	N	I.	from 'toni' (way, method) + 'ami' (work)
technology	tonami	N	I.	from 'toni' (way, method) + 'ami' (work)	A single technology, like writing.
technology	nesanivahi	N	I.	from 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'vahi' (tool, machine)	When talking about technology in general.
telegraph	juntano	V	MAJ	loan from Kavrinian 'yuntanhǧon' (/jɯɲtɑŋɦɤɲ/, telegraph) + 'o' (verb suffix)
telegraph	juntane	N	C.	loan from Kavrinian 'yuntanhǧon' (/jɯɲtɑŋɦɤɲ/, telegraph)	sometimes also referred to as 'juntanivo'
telephone	sinivo	N	C.	from 'sino' (here: to call, name) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
telephone call	sinivi	N	I.	from 'sinivo' (phone, mobile) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
telescope	asoivuhifivo	N	C.	from 'asoivuhifi' (astronomy) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)
television	vailivunojo	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine derivation prefix) + 'vunojo' (show)	'vailihuujo' ('watching machine') is a variant sometimes used
tell	tesohovo	V	MAJ	back formation from 'tesohovamo' (messenger, reporter) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tell	fulo	V	MIN	root	takes the 'nuhe' preposition when specifying who is being told or talked to
tell	nuudeko	V	MAJ	from 'nuo deki' (give message) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tell a story	tahio	V	MIN	tahi (story) + o (verb suffix)
tell someone to	memo	AUX	IR	from 'memo' (mouth)	Used only with other verbs like an auxiliary. 'No' (to be) is generally avoided, instead it is often combined with 'ho' (remain), 'hono' (stay), 'evotono' (become) or another verb. Can be both transitive (X tells Y to do something) or intransitive (Y was told to do something). even in combination with unergative verbs, similar to using a causative verb like 'noito' with an unergative verb. Memo sao la – They are told to swim. Memo sao ta he la – I tell them to swim. Memo homo la – They are told to hold [the/an unspecified event] Memo teo vuo Ales he ta. – Alex tells me (I have) to run. 'teo' here is only used for emphasis and to add urgency and can be omitted. Adverbs are used to clarify time, place or other details, and can refer to e.g. either the time someone was told to do something or the time they heard about it. Alternatively, e.g. where they are supposed to do something, or where someone was told to do something, or where that demand or similar (if it exists physically, e.g. as a letter) currently is located. To specifically refer to the time, place etc. when or where they were supposed to do something, 'nuhe' (for) can be used, whereas 'at' (from) is used for the time or place they were told to do something. Context, some other adpositions or an additional sentence can also disambiguate. In some cases an adjectival noun can also provide clarification. Memo vuo la dote. – Earlier, they were told to run. / They were told to run at an earlier time. Memo vuo la dote. Moji, hokono vuo la in vunuhi netie. – [...], but they can only run tomorrow (and not earlier). Memo vuo saini a dote – The previous person is told to run. Memo vuo la hen. – Here, they are told to run. / They are told to run here (in this place.) Memo vuo li/nuhe henide – They are told to run towards here. (lit. 'to/for here') Memo homo la nuhe henide. – They are told to hold (an unspecified event) here. (lit. 'for here') Memo homo la at henide – Here, they are told to hold (an unspecified event in an unspecified location, lit. 'from here') Memo homo saini a heni. – The people (from) here were told to hold (an unspecified event)
tell the truth	nuo ... tavaniti	V	MAJ	literally 'give truth'	A subject is not mandatory, if a subject is missing, the sentence reads 'a/the truth is told', but the 'ti' indirect case marking suffix needs to be omitted in that case.
temperate forest	oeedova a kesato	N	C.	literally 'forest of dryness', as opposed to 'wet' tropical rainforests	referring to forests in temperate climates that are 'dry' as opposed to rainforests in tropical climates
temperature	vanifiva	N	I.	from 'vanifi' (warmth) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
temple	moon	N	C.	from 'moo' (to meditate) + 'n' (place suffix)
tempt	ijaino	V	MAJ	from 'ijaini' (deception, temptation) + 'o' (verb suffix)
temptation	ijaini	N	I.	iji (blindness) + saini (mind)	something tempting that is regarded negatively, seen as deceiving
temptation	vikinivat	N	I.	from 'vikiniv' (something great or well-liked) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	something tempting that is regarded positively, like an indulgence
ten	leke-kiivi	NUM
tend to	haado	V	MAJ	from 'haad' (bigness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tend to	amotilo	V	MAJ	from 'amo atile' (do again) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tendency to give up easily	tohodi	N	I.	from 'toho' (to give up) + 'di' (feeling)
tendon	kaana a take	N	C.	literally 'rope of flesh'	sometimes shortened to 'kaanatake'
tent	mihonon a dela	N	C.	literally 'house of fabric'	spelling variant: 'mihonondela'
terrible smell	doneni a desofenofi	N	I.	literally 'smell of cringe'	usually referring to a smell that makes you cringe or is physically painful
terrify	vandovo	V	MAJ	from 'vando' (fear) + 'vo' (causative suffix)
terror bird	hejalu	N	W.	loan from Kavrinian 'csëqyöru' (/çəxjʌrɯ/, terror bird)
test	havandova	N	I.	from 'havando' (to cautiously do something, to carefully try) + 'va' ('inseparable part' suffix)
test	havando	V	MAJ	from 'havandi' (here: caution) + 'o' (verb suffix), originally meaning 'to cautiously do something'
testament	jodaini	N	I.	from 'jodaino' (witness, be aware) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
tetrahedron	mati a du	N	I.	literally 'shape/solid of four [sides]'
text	hotif	N	I.	from 'hotio' (here: to write) + 'hi' (gerundive suffix)
than	ilehe	ADP		from 'il' (not, un-) + 'ehe' (like)
thank	ukaino	V	MAJ	from 'ukaini' (honor) + 'o' (verb suffix)	'to thank for' is 'ukaino nuhe'
thanks	uke	I		from 'uke' (good)	neutral or more informal, formal would use 'ukainot na/fan' ('you shall be honored')
that	jahu	P	W.		Distal
that	jaha	P	C.		Distal
that	jam	DET	C.
that	jim	DET	I.
that	jum	DET	W.
that	jahi	P	I.		Distal
that	jim	P	I.		Medial
that	jam	P	C.		Medial
that	jum	P	W.		Medial
thaw	felo	V	MAJ	root
the more, the merrier	saini haade, mello haade	PHR		literally 'more people, more funny things/general jocularity'
the oppressed	hotuvona	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'ona' (patientive derivation suffix)
the subjugated	hotuvona	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'ona' (patientive derivation suffix)
theatre	hadeefa a vunoja	N	C.	literally 'house of sign/play'
theme	vatahi	N	I.	from 'va' (here: content, material) + 'tahi' (talk, speech, story)
themselves	falfal	P		reduplication of 'fal' (third person collective, humans and other sapient beings)	third person collective, humans and other sapient beings, emphatic pronoun
themselves	uvuvu	P		reduplication of 'uvu' (third person singular, for animals and plants)	emphatic pronoun, used for plants and animals, singular and plural
themselves	lala	P		reduplication of 'la' (third person singular pronoun)	third person singular emphatic pronoun
themselves	lallaf	P		partial reduplication of 'laf' (third person plurals, humans and other sapient beings)	third person plurals, humans and other sapient beings, emphatic pronoun
then	doone	C		from 'dooni' (time) + 'e' (a common conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
then	tonte ji	C		literally 'after this (abstract gender)'
then	ehe ji	C		literally 'like that'	in that case, as a result. Separated by a comma from the following sentence
then	doone	ADV		from 'dooni' (time) + 'e' (a common conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
theory	ki	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ki' (order, rank, place)
there	jaman	ADV	C.	from 'jam' (common that, medial) + 'n' (place suffix)	in settlements and known places, medial.
there	jumun	ADV	W.	from 'jum' (wilderness that, medial) + 'n' (place suffix)	in wild/unexplored physical places
there	jimen	ADV	I.	from 'jim' (abstract/immaterial that, medial) + 'n' (place suffix)	in abstract/immaterial places
there is	no ... an ...	PHR		literally 'be ... in ...'	Whatever there is goes after the 'no', and requires a specification as to where exactly it is, and possibly a different preposition. 'in' is used for abstract/immaterial/very general or unknown things, concepts etc., 'un' for things and concepts related to the wilderness or that exist in the physical sphere, but are unexplored, and other ones like 'ha' (outside) or 'nadefa' (inside) can also be used.
therefore	ivusaie	C		ivusai + e (letter common at the end of prepositions used to prevent homophony)
they	uvuf	P			for animate beings other than humans or other sapient living beings, such as animals or plants
they	laf	P			multiple persons that don't form a group
they	fal	P			a group of people
thicket	kuselu	N	W.	root
thickness	lomni	N	C.	semantic extension of 'lomni' (coconut oil)	when used as an adjectival noun as in 'jedu a lomni' (murky fog, literally 'fog of murkiness'), and only used for fog, smoke, liquids or similar things
thickness	afui	N	I.	backformation of 'afuiva' (fat, noun) through (erroneous) reanalyzation of it having the 'va' (part, material, stuff)
thief	hedoheomo	N	C.	from 'hedoheo' (to steal) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
thigh	vika	N	C.	root, cognate with NGU 'wīka' (knee)
thing	amanoha	N	C.	from 'a manohi' (that which is touched or handled) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
thing	vi	N	I.	v[a] (material, stuff) + i (abstract/unknown suffix)	unknown/unspecified thing
thing previously mentioned	va	N	C.
thingamajig	vivi	N	I.	reduplication of 'vi' (unknown stuff, thing)
think	tesoamio	V	IR	from 'tesoami' (opinion) + 'o' (verb suffix)	This meaning is ergative (transitive: 'think sth. is needed or true', i.e. 'believe in', and intransitive: 'be believed to be true/needed/doing') and can also be used as an auxiliary, both in transitive (then translated as 'believe to have done/to do') and intransitive sentences (then translated as 'be believed to have experienced')
think	saiho	V	IR	from 'sai' (thought) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Transitive or intransitive, can take either an oblique object (usually introduced with 'a', about) specifying the topic or the thing being pondered, or a direct one (usually some word like 'va', part or 'ji' abstract/immaterial form of 'this', the proximal demonstrative pronoun) Neither is necessary if the sentence follows or introduces a quoted thought, i.e. one in writing expressed with quote marks. If the subject (the person associated with the thoughts) is unknown or unimportant, 'saini' (a person/people) or a similar term can be used instead of a pronoun or other noun. Alternatively, the subject can be omitted entirely, thereby implying an impersonal subject or a 4th person pronoun, similar to the English constructions 'It is thought that a/an ... exists' or 'It/There is thought to be a/an ...' See the entry 'saiho', 'to be thought to', for details.
think	do	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'do' (to feel, emotions or morals)	Used similar to 'I feel it's an important part of ...' in English.
thinness	dusi	N	I.	from 'dusa' (a specific term referring to the thinner leaves of some trees like draesina)
thirst	anisaaval	N	I.	from 'ani' (state) + 'saaval' (no water)
this	ju	P	W.		close to speaker / wilderness gender, also used as determiner
this	ja	P	C.		close to speaker / common gender, also used as determiner
this	ji	P	I.		close to speaker / abstract/immaterial/unknown gender, also used as determiner
though	mojuhu	C		from 'moji' (but) + 'uhu' (anyway, still)
thought	sai	N	I.	from saa (wave) + i (immaterial suffix)
thoughtfulness	dekimidu	N	I.	from 'dekio' (understand) + 'midu' (heart)
thread	kanafi	N	C.	from 'kaana' (rope) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	referring to the threads of a rope or similar
thread	dalkiva	N	C.	from 'dalki' (here: a seam) + 'va' (part, material)	referring to the thread used in sewing
threat	nuovani	N	I.	from 'nuovano' (threaten, stalk) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
threat	dati	N	I.	from 'datu' (monster, creature, beast) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
threaten	nuovano	V	MAJ	from 'nuovanu' (predator animal) + 'o' (verb suffix)
three	sema	NUM		root
thrill	tisefo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'efo' (causative verb derivation suffix, see also 'vuhefo')
throat	uelle	N	C.	root
through	nane	ADP		from 'na' (by, through) + 'n' (place suffix) + 'e' (an adposition suffix to ease pronunciation)	locative
through	na	ADP		root	not used for locations
throughout	na	ADP		root	used for example to mean in expressions like 'throughout time'
throughout	nane	ADP		from 'na' (by, through) + 'n' (place suffix) + 'e' (an adposition suffix to ease pronunciation)	'throughout' as in 'throughout the country', meaning 'everywhere'
throw	ijoto	V	MAJ	root
throw at	ijotido	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (to throw) + 'ido' (immaterial/abstract 'at')	used when the target (a thing or a place, which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract, e.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time as well anything unknown (including material things), e.g. an unknown place, with that which was thrown a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
throw at	ijotado	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (throw) + 'ado' (common 'at')	used with sapient and/or animate beings only, with what is being thrown is an oblique object preceded by an 'ude' (with)
throw away	eeovolo	V	MAJ	from 'eeovola' (trash, junk, rubbish) + 'o' (verb suffix)
throw on	ijotado	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (throw) + 'ado' (common 'at')	used when the target is sapient and/or animate, with what is being thrown an possible additional oblique object preceded by an 'ude' (with)
throw on	ijotido	V	MAJ	from 'ijoto' (to throw) + 'ido' (immaterial/abstract 'at')	used when the target (a thing or a place, which is the direct object in a transitive sentence or the subject in an intransitive one) is immaterial or abstract, e.g. a mind, digital networks, a period or point in time as well anything unknown (including material things), e.g. an unknown place, with that which was thrown a possible additional oblique object preceded by 'ude' (with)
thug	heva	N	C.	from 'hevo' (to punch) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
thunder	vamme	N	W.	root, imitative
thunder	vammo	V	MIN	from 'vamme' (thunder) + 'o' (verb suffix)
thunder and rain	fofeo vamme	V	MIN	literally 'to rain thunder'	takes no additional objects
tick	uilo	V	MAJ	from 'uila' (tray, rack, shelf) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for to-do lists or similar
tickle	felto	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'felto' (to creep, crawl)
tide	tiasao	V	MIN	from 'tiasaa' (tide) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tide	tiasaa	N	C.	from 'ti' (motion, moving) + 'a saa' (of the wave/waves)
tidying up	dahi	N	I.	from 'daho' (here: to make room) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
tie	kahano	V	MAJ	possibly related to 'kaana' (rope) and NGU 'kahana' (rope)	takes the 'ado/ido/udo' ('at') adposition
tile	vatadusi	N	C.	from 'vata' (prefix meaning 'stone-') + 'dusi' (flatness)
till	ito ... muavati	V	MAJ	literally 'to set up a field'	Used mostly for smaller fields. Larger ones use 'lundo'. Intransitive sentences would use 'ito muava', dropping the indirect case suffix used for direct objects.
till	lendo	V	MAJ	loan from Gfiewish 'rondsa' via South Jutean
time	doonava	N	I.	from 'dooni' (time) + 'va' (inseparable part)	Referring to instances. This time: ‘idoonava ji’ (from ‘ido doonava (a) ji’) Two times: ‘ido doonavade a leke’ Next time: ‘in doonava a todehentohi/ doonava todentije’ 'dooniva' and 'todentohije' are rare spelling variants.
time	dooni	N	I.	originally from tahoon (river) + i (abstract/immaterial suffix), replaced an older word. 'daoni' is an older version of the word, 'dooni' the more modern one.	Referring to periods of time, or time in general
time of	dona	AFF		from 'dooni' (time)	Can be 'don' in front of vowels. Also used as a particle before a pronoun, akin to a preposition.
time to dance	donatuka	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'tuka' (a dance)	e.g. a celebration or a party
tin	sitiliva a tesiik	N	I.	from 'metal of' + a loan from Achiyitqan, 'cig' (/t͡ʃɪg/, 'tin')
tinder	tisivofi	N	C.	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	small things like tiny sticks, paper pieces or other very easily burnable material
tininess	sivua	N	I.	root	more like 'tinyness' actually, but can also sometimes used to refer to a broader kind of 'smallness'
tip	ovi	N	I.	from 'ova' (top, upper part of e.g. a tree or ) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)	the upper end of something, often pointy
tire	heito	V	MAJ	from 'heiti' (dullness) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tiredness	heitidi	N	I.	from 'heiti' (dullness) + 'di' (feeling)
title	hotiava	N	I.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'a va' (here: of the subject)
to	li	ADP			To indicate a purpose, follow with a gerund (verb + -hi)
to	li	ADP		root	To indicate a direction or destination, follow with the direction or destination with the indirect case suffix -ti/-iti attached
to	li	ADP			To indicate a necessity, as in 'in order to, to be able to', standing before the word referring to the 'goal', with the necessary condition explained in the rest of the sentence	'Moji, li vuniti, teo tahoo fa a saanuvuifide a ilehe.’ But first, we need to talk about parallel universes. (But, to beginning-IDR, need talk 1.COL.INCL of space.OBL of difference)
to-do list	uilami	N	C.	from 'uila' (shelf) + 'ami' (deed, work)
today	ajavi	ADV		from 'ajavuhi' (Middle Jutean) which came from 'ajavuh[a]' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), which was composed of 'ado' (at) + 'ja' (this) + 'vuha' (sun)
toe	fende	N	C.	root
toga	fena	N	C.	semantic extension of 'fena' (traditional dress made from a rough fabric similar to a toga)
together	fe	ADV		Unknown, found here: https://redd.it/3oqtw9	Archaic
together	todehente	ADV		from 'todehento' (follow) + 'e' (a common preposition/conjunction/adposition ending)
tolerate	nodeo	V	MAJ	from 'no' (to be, live) + 'ude' (with) + 'o' (verb suffix) however, living together with someone (e.g. in a house) is 'nano'
toll	nuokeda	N	I.	from 'nuo' (to give) + 'hokedo' (in exchange for) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
tollbooth	nuokedan	N	C.	from 'nuokeda' (here: toll) + 'n' (place suffix)
tomato	fokel	N	C.	loan from Taara 'poġel' (/poɣɛl/, tomato)
tomorrow	in vunuhi	ADV		literally 'in the morning'	A set phrase, so no case ending.
tone	loti	N	I.	from 'loto' (to climb, climb down) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	musical or linguistic, e.g. rising, falling, etc. tone
tongue	nema	N	C.	root
too	ehe	ADV
too	uhu	ADV
too much	oos	ADV		possible root
tool	amivo	N	C.	from 'amo' (do, work) + 'ivo' (instrumental derivation suffix)	Also for abstract and immaterial tools, like in a computer program. Treated as having the immaterial/abstract gender in that case.
tool	vaili	AFF		from 'vahi' (tool, machine) + 'li' (towards [here: a goal])	for tools or machines that take over all or almost all of a task, such as automatizing machines, like washing machines, not for simple aids, like a bar of soap (these would get the '-ivo' instrumental suffix)
tool	vahi	N	C.	from 'vi a amohi' (thing of doing [something])	for tools or machines that take over all or almost all of a task, such as automatizing machines, like washing machines, not for simple aids, like a bar of soap (formed with the '-ivo' instrumental suffix)
tooth	memuata	N	C.	from 'memo' (mouth) + 'vuhata' (stone)
tooth	onekivo	N	C.	from 'oneko' (to chew) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	Casual
toothpick	tikifi nuhe memo	N	C.	from 'tikifi' (diminutive of branch) + 'nuhe mouth' (for (benefactive) mouth)
top	ova	N	I.	root	for example, of a tree, a hill or a building
topic	va	N	I.		The broad subject of a talk, discussion, field of study, etc. 'Linguistics', 'Sports', 'Plans for tomorrow' are broad topics. 'The winning strategy of our team' and 'The trip to the mountains tomorrow' are more specific topics and would use 'sinitahi'.
topic	sinitahi	N	I.	from 'sini' (here: meaning, reason) + 'tahi' (speech, talk, story)	the specific subject of a talk, discussion etc.
torch	molavan	N	C.	from 'mola a van' (bigger stick of fire)	referring to the open fire on a wooden stick or similar
torment	kolijo	V	MAJ	from 'koli' (torment, anguish) + 'o' (verb suffix) Palatalization lead to the introduction of a 'j' before the final 'o'
torment	koli	N	I.	from 'kolo' (to lift or be lifted into air by a storm etc.) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
tornado	lees	N	W.	loan from Kavrinian 'rhooz' (/ʀɤ:z/, dragon/tornado)
torso	hetto	N	C.	root
total	onki	N	I.	from 'onko' (fill, be full) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
totality	onki	N	I.	from 'onko' (fill, be full) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
totally	se	ADV		shortening of 'seo' (to hit the target, to land on a spot)	Casual
tote	vattivo	N	C.	from 'vatto' (to carry) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	a bag you e.g. go to a market with
tote	vattivo a hemen	N	C.	literally 'bag of market'	a bag specifically for use on a market
touch	hooji	N	I.	from 'hoojo' (to touch) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
touch	mano	V	MAJ	from 'mana' (hand) + 'o' (verb suffix)
touch	hoojo	V	MAJ	from 'hooja' (skin) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tourist	moletafohe	N	C.	formed with 'mo- -he' (temporary agentive derivation circumfix) + 'letafo' (to travel)
towards	tohene	ADP		semantic extension of 'tohene' (back, back to)	When talking about a familiar, previously visited building.
towards	li	ADP		root	To indicate a direction or destination, follow with the direction or destination with the indirect case suffix -ti/-iti attached
towards oneself	tem	ADP		root
tower	dovi	N	I.	from 'dova' (tree) + 'i' (abstract suffix)	abstract suffix because it refers to an abstract concept of a tree-like high structure, such as, for example, a tower
town	nonat	N	C.	from 'non' (dwelling, settlement) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
toxicity	masivi	N	I.	from 'masivo' (to poison, a poison) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	refers not just to the state of being poisoning, but also to the state of being poisoned (both of which can also be 'masivohi', the gerund of 'masivo', to poison)
toy	vihemami	N	I.	from 'vi nuhe maami' (thing for playing)
toy	maamio	V	MAJ	from 'amo' (to do) + 'mi' (calm, calming) + 'o' (verb suffix)
trace	ufeno	V	MAJ	from 'ufenav' (wilderness-gender around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
trade	hokehuto	V	MAJ	from 'hokehut' (trade, exchange) + 'o' (verb suffix)
trade	hokehut	N	I.	from 'hokedo' (in exchange for) + 'hut' (reciprocal suffix)
trade and fishing center	hokehuton	N	C.	from 'hokehuto' (trade) + 'n' (place suffix)
trade away	hokehuto ... nuhe	V	MAJ	literally 'trade ... for'	that which is given or traded away or sold becomes the direct object, the trade partner or partners the indirect object preceded by 'nuhe' (benefactive for) or alternatively 'li' (to, towards)
trading post	hokehuton	N	C.	from 'hokehuto' (trade) + 'n' (place suffix)
trading post	hokedon	N		from 'hokedo' (to give away, offer) + 'n' (place suffix)
tradition	hi	N	I.	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
traditional dress	dufam	N	C.	from a bundle of jute fibers, called 'dufam'	semi-long skirt, usually made from jute fiber, worn traditionally by the 'netumo'. This is what traditionally people of any sex that were involved with defending of children and the community in general, as well as foraging in forests, fishing in rivers, gardening and manual tasks like home repairs are called.
traditional dress	fena	N	C.	shortening of 'desofeno' (to wrap) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	piece of clothing similar to a toga, but made from rough fabric, worn traditionally by the 'vamejo'. This is what traditionally people of any sex that were involved with fishing in the ocean, exploring the island for e.g. new food sources, threats or other resources, or are spiritual guides, mathematicians/astronomers or judges are called.
traditional dress	kuvi	N	C.	from 'kuvo' to stitch + 'i' immaterila/abstract suffix, giving 'stitching' or 'something stitched together'	tubular body-long garment with large holes for the head and arms, worn traditionally by the 'sehukumo'. This is what traditionally people of any sex that were involved with nursing, raising and educating children, housekeeping and food preparation (and sometimes gardening) are called.
traditional medicine practitioner	disemo	N	C.	from 'dise' (herb, weed) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
traffic	tehekif	N	I.	from 'teheki' (movement) + 'f' (collective suffix)	for all kinds of traffic in streets, on the sea or in the air
traffic direction	noiti a tonat	N	C.	literally 'direction/set course of street'
traffic direction	noiti a ton	N	C.	literally 'direction/set course of path'	for smaller streets, roads or paths
traffic lane	noiti a tonat	N	C.	literally 'direction/set course of street'
trail	matton	N	C.	from 'matto' (to wander, walk) + 'n' (place suffix)	'trail' as in 'hiking path'
train	kaunka	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan káuŋ (/ká.uŋ/, rail)
train	haado takemat	V	MAJ	literally 'grow muscle'	train muscles
train	donosano	V	MAJ	from 'dono' (to experience) + 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'o' (verb suffix)	used in transitive sentences, referring to physical activities, e.g. sport, combat etc.
train	sasaa	N	C.	loan from Balak jaza (/d͡ʒɑˈzɑ/, 'caravan')	referring to anything resembling trade caravans or other kind of caravans, including trains
trainer	donosanimo	N	C.	from 'donosani' (experience) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	someone giving instructions in sports or similar things
traitor	ilukainomo	N	C.	from 'ilukaini' (here: to betray) + 'mo' ('profession' suffix)
tramp	havansoti	N	I.	from 'havan' (wilderness) + 'soti' (walk, stroll)
trample	letato	V	MIN	from 'leta' (step) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
transaction	hemeni	N	I.	from 'hemeno' (to distribute, allocate) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
transcend	todeo	V	MIN	from 'to' (go) + 'dee' (past) + 'o' (verb suffix)
transcendence	todei	N	I.	from 'todeo' (to transcend) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
transition	dalkiva	N	I.	semantic extension of 'dalkiva' (thread), from how a thread provides the transition between two parts of an item of clothing
translate	jufo	V	MAJ	semantic expansion of 'jufo' (set)	used with 'li' + language name (undeclined)
translation	jufeefa	N	I.	from 'jufo' (here 'to translate') + 'eefa' (resultative derivation suffix, see e.g. 'hadeefa')
transmission	tesohi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'tesohi' (shout)	referring to auditory transmissions only
transmission	ijoti	N	I.		Can be used e.g. with the verb 'nuo' (to give), 'evoto' (to receive) and 'ofo' (to catch, here involuntarily)	nuo ijoti (a ...) = an infection is/was given (=something or someone caused an infection), an infection takes/took place, a transmission (of ...) takes/took place nuo ijotiti (a ...) = to give an infection, to infect, to transmit (e.g. an illness) evoto ijoti = an infection is/was received (=someone is/was infected), a transmission is/was received evoto ijotiti = to receive an transmission/infection, become infected ofo ijoti = an infection/transmission is/was caught ofo ijotiti = to catch an infection/transmission (unintentionally/unknowingly)
transmit	ijoto	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'ijoto' (to throw)	can only have inanimate direct objects in transitive sentences, and only inanimate subjects in intransitive sentences
transparency	hujoti	N	I.	semantic extension of 'hujoti' (clarity)
transport	vatto	V	MAJ	from 'vuhata' (stone) + 'o' (verb suffix)
transport	vatti	N	I.	from 'vatto' (to carry) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
trap	daho	V	MAJ	from 'dahe' (room, space, spot) + 'o' (verb suffix)	Often used with oblique objects describing the trap, e.g. in a net, in a cage etc., or intransitively also e.g. in a car.
trap	toovaivo	N	C.	from 'toovai' (a hunt) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
trash	eeovola	N	C.	from 'eeo' (to be able to) + 'vo' (to use) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	Literally 'that which can't be used'
travel	letaf	N	I.	from 'leta' (a step) + 'f' (multitude suffix)
travel	letafo	V	MIN	from 'letaf' (a journey) + 'o' (verb suffix)
travel bag	vattivo a letaf	N	C.	literally 'bag of travel'
travel bag	vattivo	N	C.	from 'vatto' (to carry) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
travel by hyperspace	to na deevuhifinede	V	MIN	literally 'go through beyond-universe'
travel through	alvo	V	MAJ	root	especially anything that is difficult to cross or travel through, like water with no boat, a desert or a thick jungle
travel through	letafo na	V	MIN	literal translation is also 'travel through'
traveller	moletafohe	N	C.	formed with 'mo- -he' (temporary agentive derivation circumfix) + 'letafo' (to travel)
tray	uila	N	C.	root of unknown origin, cognate with NGU 'ūira' (table)
tray	hovanefivo	N	C.	from 'hovanefa' (cake, baked good) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	a baking tray
treat kindly like your own child	vuammo	V	MAJ	from 'vuha' (sun) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
treat like a sister	nuluho	V	MAJ	from 'nulua' (sibling) + 'o' (verb suffix)
treat sb like a brother	nuluho	V	MAJ	from 'nulua' (sibling) + 'o' (verb suffix)
treat well	nuluho	V	MAJ	from 'nulua' (sibling) + 'o' (verb suffix)
treatment	nusaifi	N	I.	from 'nusaifo' (to wake up, to cure, to heal) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
tree	dova	N	C.	root
tree	dovu	N	W.	from 'dova' (tree) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	trees growing in the wilderness, for example the jungle, or that you have never seen before
tree-like high structure	dovi	N	I.	from 'dova' (tree) + 'i' (abstract suffix)	abstract suffix because it refers to an abstract concept of a tree-like high structure, such as, for example, a tower
trend	todentiji	N	I.	from 'todentije' (next, followed by) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
triangle	hotisema	N	I.	from 'hoti' (geometrical line) + 'sema' (three)
tribalism	ki a fal	N	I.	from 'ki' (ideology) + 'fal' (they, the other)
tribe	fal	N	I.	root, probably the original meaning of the word before it became the third person collective pronoun as well
trick	hajeheo	V	MAJ	from 'hajeo' (be smart, plan, plot) + hea (away) + o (verb suffix)
trillion	evokkef	NUM		from 'evokihif' (billion, short scale) + Achiyitqan (ACY) 'kep' (thousand)	referring to the base-5 equivalent of a trillion
tropics	oeesafa	N	W.	from 'oee' (land of) + 'safa' (mangrove)
trough	hemivo	N	C.	from 'hemo' (to eat) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
truce	movetafivo	N	I.	from 'mo' (to calm, pacify) + 'vetafivo' (weapon) or 'mo vetafivo' (the weapons are pacified)
truck	volmu	N	C.	loan from ACY boymúpna (/bojmúpna/, truck)
truly	tahivahane	ADV		from 'tahivahani' (deep religious or philosophical truth) + 'e' (adverb suffix)	very formal or poetic, comparing it to eternal religious truths or similar
trunk	hetto	N	C.	root
trust	dudimo	V	MAJ	from 'dudimi' (trust) + 'o' (verb suffix)
trust	dudimi	N	I.	from 'do' (to feel) + 'udimi' (help, friendship)
trustworthy person	mulda	N	C.	from 'muldo' (to know a person) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
truth	tahivahani	N	I.	from 'tahiva' (word) + 'havani' (naturality, reality)	'deeper' or more 'spiritual' truths, mostly philosophical or religious ones. (for example, platonic 'ideas', see 'Plato' on Wikipedia for details, or the truth for Christians as recorded in the Bible)
truth	tavani	N	I.	from 'tahiva' (word) + 'havani' (naturality, reality)	1) 'Truth' as in having the quality of being true to something or someone, like 'staying true to yourself' 2) Also as in having the quality of 'truthfulness' or 'honesty', as opposed to a lie 3) for 'mundane' truths that are obviously true (gnostic statements), like 'the sun rises each morning [barring some catastrophe on a cosmic scale]' or 'most living fish swim'
truthfully	tavane	ADV		from 'tavani' (truth, mundane truth) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
try	nuheo	V	MAJ	root
try	doonava	N	I.	semantic extension of 'doonava' (time, instance)
try	doonavo	V	MAJ	from 'doonava' (here: attempt) + 'o' (verb suffix)
tsunami	ejosaavat	N	W.	from 'ejosaava' (flood) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	for large, disastrous floods
tube	tula	N	C.	from 'tulu' (hollowness) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
tunnel	suukuos	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan (ACY) 'ɥuqroɥ' (/ʃʉqú.oʃ/, tunnel)
turn	sivio	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'sīri' (turn around)	to turn like a wheel
turn around	sivio	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'sīri' (turn around)	to say that someone has turned around (e.g. to come back) the reflexive voice is used. 'Siviohe ta' - 'I turn(ed) around'
turn away from	sivio	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'sīri' (turn around)	The direct object is what the subject has turned themselves away from. In intransitive sentences, the word translates to 'to have been turned away from'
turn down	tovoheo	V	MAJ	from 'tovo' (here: to send) + 'hea' (away) + 'o' (verb suffix)
turn into food	hemevo	V	MAJ	from 'hemeva' (food part, ingredient) + 'o' (verb suffix)
turn inward	linaho	V	MAJ	from 'linaha' (inward) + 'o' (verb suffix)
turn off the light	jotavo	V	MAJ	from 'ejota' (shadow etc.) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix)	some dialects would pronounce it 'jottavo'. In intransitive sentences it would translate to 'The light of ... is/was turned on'.
turn on	tisefo	V	MAJ	from 'tiso' (to burn) + 'efo' (causative verb derivation suffix, see also 'vuhefo')	a lamp or similar source of light
turn on the light	amovo ... vuhefefati	V	T	literally 'lighten the lamp'	not used for candles etc., only for lamps
turn on the light	vuhefo	V	MAJ	from 'vuhi' (light) + 'vo' (causative verb derivation suffix) 'i' became 'e' later on	In intransitive sentences the subject would be the place where the light was turned on. 'Vuhefo hemen'. – 'The light was turned on at the market'
turn serious	kiovaho	V	MIN	from 'kiova' (here: seriousness) + 'o' (verb suffix)	in intransitive sentences only
turning inward	linahohei	N	I.	from 'linaho' (to turn inward, seclude, shut away) + 'he' (reflexive suffix) + 'i' (immaterial abstract suffix)
turquoise	jehaadufi	N	I.	from 'johi a haaduf' (color of vegetation) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Also used for greenish blues, turquoise, cyan etc. Light blue/green use 'white', very dark blue/green use 'black'.
turtle	vensu	N	W.	root
tv	VVJ	ABB		from 'VailiVunoJo' or 'machine for showing (sth.)'
twelve	leke-kiivi leke	NUM
twenty-five	manhaadi	NUM		from 'mana' (hand) + 'haad' (here: many) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Base-5 equivalent to 100
twig	sikulu	N	C.	root
twilight	jotti	N	I.	from 'jotavo' (to darken, dim) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), the 'vo' being deleted over time
twilight years	jottini	N	I.	from 'jotti' (dusk, twilight) + 'ni' (life)
twin	doonivava	N	C.	from 'doonivava' (simultaneous)
twine	tumaleke	N	C.	from 'tum' (yarn) + 'a leke' (of two) ,literally 'two yarns'
twist	sivio	V	MAJ	root, cognate with NGU 'sīri' (turn around)
two	leke	NUM
type	najaselivo	N	C.	from 'najaselo' (to print) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	block or cast with character on it used for printing
tyranny	hotuvimi	N	I.	from 'hotuvimo' (here: oppressor, dictator, tyrant) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	Especially legally or constitutionally sanctioned tyranny, or in some other way supported by the state or its institutions.
tyranny	dohuomi	N	I.	from 'dohuomo' (tyrant) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
tyrant	dohuomo	N	C.	from 'dohuo' (to abuse, mistreat, oppress) + 'mo' ('profession'/persistent state suffix)
tyrant	hotuvimo	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Especially a legally or constitutionally sanctioned tyrant, or in some other way supported by the state or its institutions.
unbelievably	ilhomanuke	ADV		from 'ilhomanuko' (to disbelieve, deny, dispute) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
unchain	foo	V	IR	root	This meaning is ergative, 'to unchain so. or sth.' in transitive sentences, 'be unchained' in intransitive sentences.
uncontrollability	ilamivi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'amivi' (controllability)
uncover	ilejoto	V	MAJ	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'ejota' (to cover, disguise, protect, cast a shadow)
undead	delvunini	N	I.	from 'deo' (to ignore) + 'ilvunini' (death, in general)	referring to the undead in general or the state of being undead
under	sohuhe	ADP		root	static
underbrush	fomka	N	W.	root
underground	ejota	N	C.	extension of 'ejota' (shadow)	a hidden, not necessarily criminal underworld
undergrowth	fomka	N	W.	root
undergrowth	kuselu	N	W.	root
understand	tefo fumefa	V	MAJ	literally 'achieve understanding'	in transitive sentences 'fumefa' becomes the direct object (with the indirect case suffix 'fumefati')
understand	dekio	V	MAJ	from 'deki' (understanding) + 'o' (verb suffix)	pick up and comprehend what was said, or otherwise communicated through sounds, noises, writing etc.
understand	fumefo	V	MAJ	from 'fumefa' (understanding) + 'o' (verb suffix)	referring to facts and topics or to situations and problems
understanding	deki	N	I.	from 'deko' (to hear) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
understanding	fumefa	N	I.	from 'fuumo' (here: to get to know) + 'efa' (resultative derivation suffix)	Of a topic, problem or field. Can also sometimes be used for persons.
underwater area	saanuva	N	W.	from saanu + va (material suffix)	water and everything in it (in the deeper sea)
uneasiness	sehukatidi	N	I.	from 'sehukati' (a worry) + 'di' (feeling, here acting as a suffix)
unethical act	ilukainivi	N	I.	from 'ilukainivo' (to corrupt, cause to act unethically) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
unexpectedly	siovanale	ADV		from 'siovan' (warning) + 'al' (negation suffix) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
unexplainable phenomenon	ilmasiji	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'masiji' (explanation)
unfortunately	hokolukee	ADV		from 'hokoluki' (bad luck) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix, lengthened to prevent a mishearing better)
unfreeness	ilfoi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'foi' (freedom)
unhappiness	ilanindi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'anindi' (happiness)
unimportance	iliit	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hiit' (importance)
union	haadohenti	N	I.	from 'haadohi todehente' (growing together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
uniqueness	tai	N	I.	from 'ta' (first person singular pronoun) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract pronoun)
unit	va	N	C.	root, like the other meanings of 'va'
unit	amafe	N	C.	from 'ama' 'worker' + 'fe' (collective suffix after some syllables, including mV)
unite	tahadovo	V	MAJ	semantic extension of 'tahadovo' (to link, glue etc.)
universe	vuhifin	N	I.	from 'vuhifi' (star) + 'n' (place suffix)	Immaterial/abstract gender since that genders also covers largely unknown things.
universe	saanuvuhifi	N	I.	from 'saanu' (sea) + 'vuhifi' (star)	credit to Vise for coming up with the metaphor
university	tonesanin	N	C.	from 'tonesani' (science) + 'n' (place suffix)
unless	mojile	C		from 'moji' (but) + 'l' (negation suffix) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
unlike	ilehe	ADP		from 'il' (not, un-) + 'ehe' (like)
unpleasant person	vikinimo	N	C.	from 'vikini' (dirtiness) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
unremarkableness	iltai	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tai' (here: uniqueness, specialness)
unrightfully	ilhokone	ADV		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hokone' (rightfully)
unseparatedness	ilkiovi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kiovi' (part, separatedness)	referring to the whole of something that is usually cut into smaller pieces, like a fruit
until	ahoo	ADP		root
until	ahoo	C		semantic extension of the adposition 'ahoo' (until)
untruth	iltavani	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tavani' (truth)
unusually	ilike	ADV		from 'iliki' (here: disorder) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
up	noohe	ADP		root	When the location being referred to is at or moves to a higher level, but not the highest level, e.g. a road up a mountain that does not reach the summit
up	tove	ADV		from 'to' (to go) + ova (top) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)	going upwards, aiming for the summit or the highest point possible
up	tove	ADP		from 'to' (to go) + ova (top) + 'e' (conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)	going upwards, aiming for the summit or the highest point possible
up to	ahoo	ADP		root
update	olumo mekohe	V	MAJ	literally 'to build/install further'
update	hohivi	N	I.	from 'hohivo' (to update) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
update	hohivo	V	MAJ	from 'hohi' (newness) + 'vo' (causative verb suffix)
upgrade	olumo mekohe	V	MAJ	literally 'to build/install further'
upstream	lisundone	ADV		from 'li' (towards) + 'sundon' (source) + 'e' (adverb suffix)
urban engineering	tonesani a haadohi a nonat	N	I.	literally 'science of building of city'
urbanisation	nonatevi	N	I.	from 'nonat' (town, city) + 'vi' (here: causator noun derivation suffix)
urgency	tehivu	N	I.	from 'teo hiit vuuti' (matter of importance needing quickness)
urine	ten	N	C.	root
use	vii	N	I.	shortening of 'vohi' (gerund form of 'vo', to use), with the 'i' lengthened to prevent homophony with 'vi' ([unknown] thing, entity, stuff)
use	vo	V	MAJ	va (stuff) + o (verb suffix)
use a computer	amadaho	V	MAJ	from 'amo ado vahi(de)' work at machine + 'o' verb suffix
use a lot	vuato ... nuhe ... haad	V	MAJ	literally 'weigh for ... much' meaning 'decide for ... a lot'	The ellipses show where subject and object would go. In an intransitive sentence the first one is omitted.
use force wrongly	lumadoo	V	MAJ	from 'lumadou' (oppression by force) + 'o' (verb suffix)
usefulness	vii	N	I.	semantic extension of 'vii' (use)
uselessness	vili	N	I.	from 'vi' (thing) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix), or 'the quality of not being a (useful) thing'
usually	anti	ADV		shortening of 'amtilo' (repeat, tend to)
utter	laamo	V	MIX	root	see notes for 'laamo' (make noise)
utterance	memo	N	I.	from 'memo' (mouth)	Used poetically or informally, sometimes ironically. No 'a' added when linking to demonstrative pronouns
vacation	donamihonat	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'mihoni' (relaxing) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
vacuum	nuvuuhu	N	I.	from 'nuuvu' (nothingness, void) + 'huu' (air)	the more exact, scientific term.
vacuum	nuuvu	N	I.	extension of 'nuuvu' (void, nothingness, emptiness)	Casual or colloquial
valley	eeves	N	C.	root	referring to river-created valleys or the land in or near those valleys
valley	daavia	N	C.	possibly from *takvia (valley)
value	nuakaini	N	I.	from 'nua' (giver) + 'ukaini' (honor)
vanilla	nani	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'nahaní' (/nahní/, vanilla)
vaporise	seveno	V	MAJ	from 'sevene' (haze, vapor) + 'o' (verb suffix)
vapour	sevene	N	C.	root
vapour	huulu	N	W.	from 'huu' (wind) + 'l' (negating suffix) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	gaseous state of something that usually is not a gas
vegetable	hemaena	N	C.	from 'heme' (food) + 'oena' (ground)	sometimes 'hemeena'
vegetarian	hemaadova	N	C.	from 'hemo' (eater) + 'haadova' (plant)
vegetation	haaduf	N	W.	from 'haadu' (wild growth) and 'f' (multitude suffix)
vehicle	tivo	N	C.	from 'to' (to go) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)	human- or animal-powered
vehicle	vailita	N	C.	from 'vaili' (tool affix) + 't[o]' (to go) + a (noun suffix)	those that move on their own and don't require any muscle power or similar, e.g. a car or ships that don't use oars
vein	teka	N	C.	from 'teko' (here: to find, search for) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a vein of ore, when found after a deliberate search, not by chance
vein	edoja	N	C.	from 'edojo' (to find, obtain, come across) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	a vein of ore, when found by chance, and not after a deliberate search
ventilate	fohoo	V	MAJ	from 'foo' (to open) + 'huu' (air) + 'o' (verb suffix)
ventilating	fohoi	N	I.	from 'fooho' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
ventilation	fohoi	N	I.	from 'fooho' + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
ventilator	vailifohoi	N	C.	from 'vaili' (machine prefix) + 'fohoi' (ventilating, ventilation)
venue	dahon	N	C.	from 'daho' (here: to accommodate, make space for) + 'n' (place suffix)
verb	nuaseji	N	I.	from 'nua' (that which gives) + 'aseji' (act)
verdict	vuati	N	I.	extension of 'vuati' (weight)	'to sentence someone' would be translated with something literally meaning 'to put down a weight on someone'
verify	asotilo	V	MAJ	from 'aso' (to look at) + 'tilo' (again)
version	toni	N	I.	from 'ton' (path) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
vertebrate	nova a usamat	N	C.	literally 'animal of spine'
vertical direction	ildesi tuuve	N	I.	literally 'straightness down'
vertically	ildesi tuuve	ADV		literally 'straightness down'
verticalness	ildesi tuuve	N	I.	literally 'straightness down'
very	haada	ADV		extension of 'haada' (biggerness)
very much	haadat	ADV		extension of 'haadat' (biggestness)
vessel	seda	N	C.	Possibly related to 'sevel' (container, case, box)	general term
vibe	fenidi	N	I.	from 'feni' (surroundings) + 'di' (feelings)
victim	hotuvona	N	C.	from 'hotuvi' (oppression, suppression) + 'ona' (patientive derivation suffix)	Referring to the victim of (political or other) oppression
victim	dohuna	N		from 'dohuo' (to mistreat, abuse) + 'na' (patientive noun derivation suffix)	referring to victims of abuse
victim	ilevota	N	C.	from 'ilevota' (to lose) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)	victim of a theft, prank or something similar
video	nioonifi	N	I.	from 'niooni' (here: film) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
video camera	vunivo a nioonide	N	C.	literally 'creating-tool of movies'
video game	visenis	N	I.	loan from Kavrinian 'vitsnister' (/vit͡sɲister/, video game)
video game console	hatetena	N	C.	from the Lhavres-situated video game company 'Qateeqtona' (/xɑte:xtɤɲɑ/, 'Diamond')
video recorder	nioonivo a itikomade	N	C.	literally '(video) recorder of tapes'
videocassette	itikoma a niooni	N	C.	literally 'band/tape of film'
view	hujoo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'joo' (to see)
view	ninva	N	I.	semantic extension of 'ninva' (side)	meaning 'standpoint, perspective, view of something' here Used with 'nuhe' ('for')
view	huji	N	I.	from 'hujoo' (to watch, observe) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
village	non	N	C.	no (to be, live) + n (place suffix)	Used mostly for smaller settlements, marked speech when used for bigger ones.
village idiot	nonilajo	N	C.	from 'non' (settlement) + 'ilajohimo' (idiot)	also used in city districts
village life	nifi	N	I.	from 'ni' (life) + 'ifi' (smallness)	humorous, sometimes perceived as condescending
villager	nifimo	N	C.	from 'nifi' (village life) + 'mo' (more permanent agentive suffix)	context and tone of voice determine whether the term is pejorative or not
villain	tuvedamo	N	C.	from 'tuved' (evil) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	someone who does evil things regularly, or even professionally
vinegar	evuttolovi	N	C.	from 'evutu' (coconut water) + 'mellovi' (spoilage)
violence	vetti	N	I.	from 'vetta' (a hit, strike) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract/general suffix)
violently	vette	ADV		from 'vetti' (violence) + 'e' (a common adverb/adposition/conjunction suffix)
violently	lumomate	ADV		from 'lumomat' (physical power or strength) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
violin	kundu	N	C.	shortened loan of Ekuostian 'cundumíet' /çun̪d̪umʝed̪/ (violin)
viper	udelsolkat	N	W.	from 'udelsolka' (snake) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	used for larger or particularly dangerous snakes
visibility	joohi	N	I.	gerund of 'joo' (here: to see, to be seen)	both referring to the state of being visible as well as the degree of being visible (e.g. in 'visibility is low today')
visible light	vuhi a joha	N	I.	literally 'light of sight'
vision	jei	N	I.	from 'joo' (see) + 'i' (abstract suffix), 'o' became 'e' over time'
visit	jotano	V	MAJ	from 'joo tan' (see your home)
visit	jotani	N	I.	from 'jotano' (to visit) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
visitor	mojotanohe	N	C.	formed with 'mo- -he' (temporary agentive derivation circumfix) + 'jotano' (to visit)
vital energy	nisaif	N	I.	from ni (life) + sa[a] (wave) + i (immaterial/abstract suffix) + f (multitude suffix)
vitrine	masija	N	C.	from 'masijo' (here: to show, present) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix), so literally translating to 'that which shows sth. or with which sth. can be shown'
vocabulary	tahivaf	N	I.	from 'tahiva' (word) + 'f' (collective suffix)
vocal cords	tesoamamat	N	C.	from 'tesoama' (voice) + 'mat' (body part)
voice	toni a tahivide	N	I.	literally 'way of language'	grammatical voice, can also be (colloquially) used for 'grammatical mood', is in both cases followed by an 'a [gerund]' construction to specify.
voice	tesoama	N	C.	from 'tesoha' (sound) + 'mat' (body)
void	nuuvu	N	I.	root
volcano	hisetuvan	N	C.	loan translation from Ebo Nganagam, 'mountain of fire' (hisetu + van)
volume	lumo	N	I.	root
voluntarily	amefe	ADV		from 'amefa' (work, deed, result) + 'e' (adverb suffix)	Used for the volitional resultative, i.e. changes that were both intentional and voluntary. Contrast with 'eve' which is used for for the non-volitional resultative.	'Ileho ta hajefati amefe.’ I ended up changing plans.
vortex	saanemtu	N	W.	from 'saanu' (open sea) + 'emtoo' (to suck) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
vote	vuato	V	MAJ	extension of 'vuato' (to weigh)	'to decide for' is 'vuato ... nuhe'
vowel	tesoafoo	N	I.	from 'tesoha' (sound) + 'foo' (to open), referring to how the mouth is always a bit open when pronouncing vowels
voyage	letafaanu	N	I.	from 'netaf' (journey) + 'saanu' (sea)	sea travel only
wade	matto ... nane	V	MIN	literally 'walk/wander ... through'	through water, swamps or other types of non-solid ground
wade	alvo	V	MAJ	root	through water, swamps or other types of non-solid ground
wail	teluo	V	MIN	root
wailing	teluo	N	I.	zero derivation of 'teluo' (to bawl, wail, snivel)
wait	hono	V	MIN	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'no' (to be, stand, exist)	used with 'nuhe' (for) or 'ude' (with)
waiter	utukamo	N	C.	from 'utuko' (to serve food) + '(a)mo' (profession derivation suffix)
waiting time	donahona	N	I.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'hono' (to wait) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
waitress	utukamo	N	C.	from 'utuko' (to serve food) + '(a)mo' (profession derivation suffix)
wake	nusaifo	V	MAJ	from 'nuo nisaif' (give energy) + 'o' (verb suffix)
wake up	atilo vuhati	V	MIN	literally 'return to the sun/day'
walk	matto	V	MIN	from 'matta' (foot, feet) + 'o' (verb suffix)
walk	ti	N	I.	from 'to' (to go) + 'i' (abstract suffix)
walk	sondi	N	I.	from 'sondo' (here: to walk or wander around) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	a non-routine walk to some new or less visited place, or a walk with no specific destination
walk around	sondo	V	MIX	semantic extension of 'sondo' (explore)	rarely 'sooto' in some dialects Behaves like a minor verb in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but like a major verb when the subject is inanimate. Like other minor verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
walk around	afeno	V	MAJ	from 'afenav' (common around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
walk through	matto ... nane	V	MIN	literally 'walk/wander ... through'
wall in	netuno	V	MAJ	from 'netun' (walls, prison) + 'o' (verb suffix)
walled city	netun	N	C.	shortening of 'mihonon a netun' ('walled house', or fort) or 'mihonafa a netun' ('walled community hall')	any walled building, structure or complex
walls	netun	N	W.	from 'netu' (border of civilization, frontier) + 'n' (place suffix)	Originally mostly referring to foreign city walls, since Juteans themselves don't traditionally build huge walls around their settlements.
wander	matto	V	MIN	from 'matta' (foot, feet) + 'o' (verb suffix)
wander around	sondo	V	MIX	semantic extension of 'sondo' (explore)	rarely 'sooto' in some dialects Behaves like a minor verb in sentences where the subject is animate (although rarely used with subject that aren't also sapient), but like a major verb when the subject is inanimate. Like other minor verbs it can’t take a direct object and is necessarily intransitive. A described location is preceded by 'ado/ido/udo' (at).
wander around	tafenavo	V	MIN	from 'to' (to go) + 'afenav' (around)	casual strolling or walking
wanderer	sonda	N	C.	from 'sondo' (to walk or wander around, explore) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
wandering	havansoti	N	I.	from 'havan' (wilderness) + 'soti' (walk, stroll)
want	saimo	V	MAJ	sai[ho] (thought) + [a]mo (perform)
war	vetaffo	V	MAJ	from 'vettafa' (war) + 'o' (verb suffix)
war	vetafa	N	I.	from 'vettaf' (fight, conflict) + 'afa' (suffix denoting something done or used collectively) '-afafa' was then eventually reduced to '-afa', and 'tt' became 't'
warehouse	uilan	N	C.	from 'uila' (shelf, tray) + 'n' (place suffix)
warfare	vetafi	N	I.	from 'vetafa' (war) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	'vetaffohi' (Gerund of 'vetaffo', to war) can also be used.
warm	vuho	V	MAJ	from 'vuha' (the sun) + 'o' (verb suffix)	for the sun or similar celestial bodies, sometimes also for fire
warmth	vanifi	N	I.	from 'vani' (fire, heat) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
warn	sinovano	V	MAJ	from 'sino' (here: to name, call) + 'van' (here: danger, fire) + 'o' (verb suffix)
warning	sinovan	N	I.	from 'sino' (here: to name, call) + 'van' (here: danger, fire)
warrior	etimo	N	C.	from 'eti' (hostile rebellion, hostile resistance) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	Using 'etimo' implies disapproval of the rebellion or group of fighters, possibly even seeing as resistance to oneself or a group the speaker is part of
warrior	hetevimo	N	C.	from 'hetevi' (defense, military protection) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	used for 'noble' warriors defending something, rather than pillaging wealth-seekers or anything similar. Unlike 'netumo' (guard) less passive and defending of a single place, and more likely to be part of any offense or offensive defending.
warrior	vettafamo	N	C.	from 'vettaf' (fight) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	A less 'noble' warrior fighting just for the sake of it or for wealth and/or prestige, often used for invaders.
wash	saavo	V	MAJ	saava (water, generic) + o (verb suffix)
washing	saavi	N	I.	from 'saavo' (to wet, clean) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
washing machine	vailisaava	N	C.	from 'vaili' (tool, machine prefix) + 'saavi' (washing) + 'a' (noun suffix)
waste	oosa	N	C.	from 'oos' (too much) + 'a' (common noun derivation suffix)
waste time	toho ... dooniti	V	T	literally 'to give up time'
watch	netumi	N	I.	netumo (sentry) + i (abstract suffix)
watch	nuodona a itikoma	N	C.	literally 'clock of ribbon/band'
watch	hujoo	V	MAJ	from 'ho' (to keep) + 'joo' (to see)
watch out for	netumio	V	MAJ	from 'netumi' (guarding, watch) + 'o' (verb suffix)
watch over	netumio	V	MAJ	from 'netumi' (guarding, watch) + 'o' (verb suffix)	(to watch over someone)
watch television	vevejo	V	MAJ	from 'VVJ' (abbreviation 'vailivunojo', television) + 'o' (verb suffix)	alternatively, 'aso VVJiti' or 'aso vailivunojoti' can also be used.
watcher	huja	N	C.	from 'hujoo' (here: to watch, view) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	of e.g. a play
watchfulness	netidi	N	I.	from 'neti' (border, limit, side) + 'di' (feeling, here acting as a suffix)
water	saava	N	C.
water	tahosaava	N	C.	taho[o] (to flow) + saava (water)
water bear	doviva a sivua	N	W.	literally 'sturdy animal of tininess'
waterfall	kisu a dovi	N	W.	literally about 'tree-like chute/rapid'
waterfall	ialma a saava	N	W.	literally 'cliff of water'	for larger waterfalls
wave	saa	N	C.		any kind of wave, including immaterial, abstract or metaphorical ones, but mostly waves in the open sea (but not the ocean) or with some distance to the coast
wave	sao	V	MAJ	from 'saa' (sea wave) + 'o' (verb suffix)
wave	saanet	N	C.	from saa (wave) + net (coast)	coastal waves
wave	sao	V	MAJ	from 'saa' (sea wave) + 'o' (verb suffix)
wave	saa	N	C.		waves that are not very far away from the coast, although those nearest to the coast are usually referred to as 'saanet'
wave	sao	V	IT		when used with the preposition 'li' (to, towards)
wave material	saava	N	C.	from saa (wave) + va (material suffix)
way	toni	N	I.	from 'ton' (path) + 'i' (abstract/immaterial suffix)
way back	ilton	N	C.	from 'ilto' (go back) + 'n' (place suffix)
we	fafanal	P			'we' excluding a group of people
we	fanal	P			'we' excluding a single person
we	fa	P			inclusive 'we'
we	fanafal	P			'we' excluding multiple persons that don't form a group
wealth	lumo	N	I.	semantic extension of 'lumo' (power, strength)	any kind of wealth, including e.g. knowledge, ideas etc., not just material wealth
weapon	vetafivo	N	C.	from 'vetafa' (war) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
weaponise	vetafivo	V	MAJ	from 'vetafivo' (weapon, weaponry)
weaponry	vetafivo	N	C.	from 'vetafa' (war) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
wear	ejotamo	V	MAJ	from 'ejotamat' (clothing) + 'o' (verb suffix)
weather	saanuhami	N	I.	from 'saanuhuu' (sky) + 'ami' (work)	instead of 'how is the weather' you ask 'which is the weather here/tomorrow/there', 'no saanuhami hen/in vunuhi/jaman'
weave	amo ... juteti	V	T	literally 'work the jute'	also used for other fibers, but then with the phrasing 'amo ... ehe jutede' (work ... like jute)
weave	delo	V	MAJ	root	referring to weaving yarn to create fabric, rather than weaving wicker to create baskets or similar. See 'amo ... juteti' for that.
weaver	delomo	N	C.	from 'delo' (to weave) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
weaving workshop	tunadelon	N	C.	from 'tun' (room) + 'a' (of) + 'delon'
weed	ito ... muavati	V	MAJ	literally 'to set up a field'	Used mostly for smaller fields. Larger ones use 'lundo'. Intransitive sentences would use 'ito muava', dropping the indirect case suffix used for direct objects.
weed	dise	N	C.	root	edible weeds or herbs only
week	dotiif	N	I.	from 'doniti' (past) + '[a] kiif' ([of] five)
weigh	vuato	V	MAJ	from 'vuati' (weight) + 'o' (verb suffix)
weigh	vuato	V	MAJ	from 'vuati' (weight) + 'o' (verb suffix)
weight	vuati	N	I.	from 'vuhata' (stone)
weirdness	ilninvi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite derivation prefix) + 'ninvi' (orderliness, order, normalcy)
welcome	atoato nadefa, saini a uke	PHR		literally 'come inside, good person!'	'saini a uke' is omitted in less formal settings, and when not welcoming someone into a building, 'nadefa' is replaced by 'tane' (most commonly), 'tine' in abstract/immaterial/unknown places or 'tune' in dangerous or wild places
well	ehe ji	I		literally 'like that'	separated by a comma from the following sentence
well	uke	ADV		extension of 'uke' (good, goodness)
well	sundon	N	C.	from 'sundo' (to get, obtain from a known source) + 'n' (place suffix)	a water well, spring or similar
west	toonei	N	I.	from 'toone' (westward) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
westward	toone	ADV		from 'tooni' (evening) + 'e' (a common adverb derivation suffix)
wet	saavo	V	MAJ	saava (water, generic) + o (verb suffix)
wet nurse	nuvuhomo	N	C.	from 'nuvuhomo' (here: nourish, breastfeed) + 'mo' (profession suffix) The 'momo' part quickly reduced to 'mo' again
wet season	donafofe	N	C.	from 'dona' (time of) + 'fofeo' (to rain)	for regions with wet and dry seasons
wetland	vimel	N	W.	loan from Gfiewish 'bimr' (marsh, wetland), via South Jutean	referring to cold or temperate wetland, not e.g. subtropical or tropical swamps or bogs
wetness	unosi	N	I.	from 'unoso' (to soak, submerge) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
wharf	saivon	N	C.	from 'saivo' (boat) + 'n' (place)
what	haaju	P	W.	haa (question particle) + ju (wilderness this)
what	haaji	P	I.	haa (question particle) + ju (abstract/immaterial/unknown this)
what	haaja	P	C.	haa (question particle) + ja (common this)
what from	haava	ADV		from 'haa' (question marker) + 'va' (material/immaterial source)
what is this	no ji, haaji	PHR		literally 'be this.ABST, what.ABST?'	variants: 'no ja, haaja' (for familiar, physically existing things) 'no ju, haaju' (for wilderness-related things)
what the heck	savanhu	I		from 'savanhu' (world), similar to a shortened version of English 'what in the world'
whatever	ilhit	I		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hiit' (importance)
whatever	uji	I		from 'u ji', literally 'and this', meaning 'Yeah, so?'
whatever	ilhit	P		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'hiit' (importance)
wheat	venni	N	C.	loan from Shohuanese 'wannî' (/wænnjɨ/, 'wheat')
wheel	utukiva	N	C.	from 'utuki' (sphere, ball) + 'va' (part derivation suffix)
when	hasooni	P		ha[a] (question particle) + dooni [time] 'd' changed to 's' here over time
when	doone	C		from 'dooni' (time) + 'e' (a common conjunction/adverb/adposition suffix)
where	haan	ADV		haa (question particle) + -n (place suffix)
where to	haaneli	ADV		from 'haan' (where) + 'li' (to, towards)
which	haaja	P	C.	haa (question particle) + ja (common this)
while	udase	C		from 'ude' (with) + 'asi' (event) + 'e' (common adverb/conjunction/adposition suffix)	used to talk about actions or events that happened at the same time, not for periods of time or similar
while	dee	ADP		possibly related to 'dooni' (time) ?
whirl around	kolo	V	MAJ	root	used for storms or similar, not for humans
whirl around	kolijo	V	MAJ	from 'koli' (torment, anguish) + 'o' (verb suffix) Palatalization lead to the introduction of a 'j' before the final 'o'	this meaning used when figuratively speaking only
whirlpool	saanemtu	N	W.	from 'saanu' (open sea) + 'emtoo' (to suck) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
whisk	sivio vue	V	MAJ	literally 'to turn quickly'	e.g. to whisk eggs, often also used with 'amotile' (repeatedly)
whisper	huusafo	V	MAJ	from 'huusafi' (breeze) + 'o' verb suffix after the sound of whispering, said to be similar to some breezes
whistle	luhuho	V	MAJ	imitative? possibly partially from/influenced by 'huu' (air) ?
whistle while eating porridge	luhuho ... doone hemehi a sedamede	V		literally 'whistle during the eating of porridge'	The '...' is to supposed to be replaced by the subject of the sentence
white	jehiooni	N	I.	from 'jehi a oone' (color of moon) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
who	haasin	P		haa (question particle) + s[a]in[i] (mind)
whole	ilkiovi	N	I.	from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'kiovi' (part, separatedness)	referring to the whole of something that is usually cut into smaller pieces, like a fruit
whole	asaifi	N	I.	from 'asaife' (taken together) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	to refer to then entirety of groups or systems, like ecosystems, populations, or also entirely separate and/or disparate beings or things taken together, so unlike with 'ilkiovi' also for combinations, collections, gatherings rather than individual items characterized by not being separated into smaller parts
why	haano	P		from 'haa' (question particle) + 'no' (be)
wicker	jevo	N	C.	root	mostly referring to wicker baskets made from twigs such as willow or twine made from e.g. jute fiber
wideness	fonesondi	N	I.	from 'foi' (openness) + 'nuhe' (for) + 'sondi' (a walk, stroll)
wild forest	oeedovu	N	W.	from 'oee' (area prefix) + 'dovu' (wild tree)
wild jungle river	tahu	N	W.	from 'tahoo' (to flow) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
wild place	unu	N	W.	u (wilderness affix) + an (place) + u (wilderness affix, again)
wild rice	sikes	N	W.	loan from Achiyitqan 'siks' (wild rice)
wild spirit	fesuu	N	W.	from 'fesua' (spirit) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
wilderness	havan	N	W.	from 'haran' originating from 'hah' and 'ran' meaning 'outside' and 'danger'
wildfire	vanvan	N	W.	from 'van' (here: fire) + 'van' (here: wildness), alternatively a reduplication of 'van' (fire, danger)
wildflower	ohaju	N	W.	from 'ohaja' (flower) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
wildlife	nuhavanu	N	W.	from 'nu [a] havan' (wild life of the wilderness) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	terrestrial wildlife in e.g. jungles or other 'wild' lands
wildlife	nu	N	W.	from 'no' (live) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	both wildlife on the land and sealife
wildness	van	N	W.
will	saimi	N	I.	saim[o] + i (immaterial/abstract suffix)
willow	sel	N	W.	loan from Gfiewish 'zer' (/ʒɛɹ/, willow)
win	tefo	V	MAJ	from 'tefi' (achievement, goal, aim, target) + 'o' (verb suffix)
win against	tefoto	V	MAJ	from 'tefo' (to win, achieve, reach) + 'te' (against) + 'o' (verb suffix)
win against	tefetevo	V	MAJ	from 'tefo' (achieve) + hetevo (defence)	Successful defense of something. That which is defended gets preceded by 'nuhe' (for), that which is defeated by 'te'.
wince	desofenofi	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to coil) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
wind	huusa	N	C.	from huu (air) + saa (wave)
wind	desofeno	V	MAJ	from 'deso' (bend) + 'afenav' (around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
windmill	kelumvaasa	N	C.	loan from Gfiewish 'glumfasa' (mill), via South Jutean 'kelumuvasa' (mill)
window	foa	N	C.	from 'foo' (to open) + 'a' (a noun ending)
wine	amelka	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan ammeglá, /am:ɛglá/, 'wine'
winebibber	tahoosamo	N	C.	from 'tahoo' (to drink) + 'oos' (too much) + 'mo' (agent derivation suffix referring to people with a particular characteristic/strong habits etc.)
wing	humat	N	C.	from 'huu' (air) + 'mat' (body part)
winner	tefomo	N	C.	from 'tefo' (to achieve, reach) + 'mo' (agentive derivation suffix)
winter	telava	N	I.	loan from Gfiewish 'tlaba' (winter)
wipe	luho	V	MAJ	root
wire	kanafi	N	C.	from 'kaana' (rope) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
wisdom	donosani	N	I.	'dono' (to experience) + 'nesani' (knowledge) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)	'Wisdom is just being old'
wish	saimo hao	V	MAJ	literally 'to want to ask'	with the thing/entity/etc. as the direct object, with no prepositions in front of it.
wish	haalini	N	I.	from 'haa li ni' (question towards life)
wit	hajee	N	I.	root of unknown origin, cognate with NGU 'hayē' (brain)
with	ude	ADP
within	in	ADP		from 'i' (abstract/immaterial affix) + 'an' (in, standard location adposition)
without	udel	ADP		from 'ude' (with) + 'l' (negating suffix)
witness	aso	V	MAJ	root	Used more for things or events you saw by chance rather than willingly observed or attended.
witness	jodaino	V	MAJ	joo (see) + ude (with) + saini (mind) + o (verb suffix)	consciously acknowledge things like vows, deeds or events
wittiness	hajee	N	I.	root of unknown origin, cognate with NGU 'hayē' (brain)
wonder	haohe	V	MIN	reflexive form of 'hao' (to ask)
wood	dova	N	C.	semantic extension of 'dova' (tree)
wood	dovevo	N	C.	from 'dova' (tree, wood) + 'evoto' (here: to obtain)	material ready for use, meaning lumber or processed timber
wood chippings	helka	N	C.	root
wool	evanuusu	N	I.	from 'eva' (sheep) + 'nuusu' (moss)
wool fiber	evanuusuva	N	C.	from 'evanuusu' (wool) + 'va' (material/part suffix)
word	tahiva	N	I.	from 'tahi' (story, speech) + 'va' (inseparable part suffix)
work	amefa	N	I.	from 'amo' (do, work) + 'efa' (resultative noun derivation suffix)	'work' as in 'accomplishment, act, workmanship', not 'job'
work	ami	N	I.	from 'amo' (to do, work) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
work	amo	V	MAJ
work of art	vi a olumi	N	I.	literally 'thing of art'	despite the noun class, it can be material or immaterial
work of art	olumafi	N	C.	from 'oluma' (construction, structure) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)	small construction, like a doghouse, or a piece of material art or unique handiwork, especially sculptures or e.g. unique furniture
worker	fefomo	N	C.	from 'fefo' (to harvest) + 'mo' (profession suffix)	on a farm or similar, including seasonal workers
worker	ama a netunede	N	C.	literally 'worker of a/the walls/prison'	in a fort, castle or prison
worker	ama	N	C.	from 'amo' (to do, work) + 'a' (common noun suffix)
workforce	oenivi	N	I.	from 'oeni' (foundation) + 'vi' (suffix denoting something that enables something else to exist or happen)
workplace	amin	N	C.	from 'ami' (work, job, duty) + 'n' (place suffix)
workshop	vamon	N	C.	from 'vamo' (craftsman) + 'n' (place suffix)
world	savanhu	N	W.	sa[anu] (sea) + ran (danger or wildness referring to the wild rainforests) + hu[u] (air) Later sound changes caused 'r' to become 'v'
worldview	sahai a ninva	N	I.	literally 'philosophy of point of view'
worldview	kiat	N	I.	from 'ki' (order, rank, place) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	especially for those that encompass many or almost all parts of life, rather than only a specific part
worm	kilitu	N	W.	from 'kilita' (length) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)
worry	sehukati	N	I.	from 'sehukato' (to worry) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
worry about	sehukato	V	IR	from 'sehuko' (to care) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)	Ergative, 'to worry about so./sth.' in transitive sentences, 'cause worries' in intransitive sentences. Can also be reflexive. In intransitive sentences gerunds are, unlike with other syntactically similarly working words such as 'memo' or 'saiho' introduced by 'nuhe' (for, because of). Sehukato la. – They are causing worries. / Some are worried about them (in general) Sehukato ta he na. – I am worried about you. Sehukato ta he nana. – I am worried about you. (with emphasis on the 'you') Sehukato ta saohi a me na ma. – I am worried about your swimming. Sehukato saohi a me na ma. – Your swimming is causing worries. Sehukato na nuhe saohi. – You are causing worries because of your swimming. Sehukatohe ta. – I am worried about myself. Sehukato ta he tata. – I am worried about me. (with emphasis on the 'me') Also used in combination with other verbs like an auxiliary, then meaning 'to worry about (so.) doing sth.' in transitive sentences or 'cause worries about one's doing sth.' in intransitive sentences. Usually 'no' (to be) is avoided in such sentences, and 'ho' (remain), 'hono' (stay), 'evotono' (become) or another word are commonly used. With the antipassive suffix '-mo' the person or group being worried about can be left unstated, implying a generalized sentiment. The reflexive suffix '-he' is used if the speaker is worried about doing something themselves. If no additional verbs appear in the sentence, a generalized worry about someone is expressed. Sehukato sao la – They are causing worries about their swimming. / Some are worried about them swimming. Sehukato sao ta he la – I am worried about them swimming. Sehukatomo sao ta – I am worried about people swimming. Sehukatohe sao ta – I am worried about (going) swimming.
worseness	dohaa	N	I.	probably from 'dohuu' (bad, badness) + 'haada' (biggerness), with the 'd' dropped over time	rare variant: 'doaa', with the 'h' dropped as well
worship	uvadato	V	MAJ	from 'uvado' (here: to adore) + 'at' (augmentative suffix) + 'o' (verb suffix)
worst	doate	ADV		from 'doat' (the worst) + 'e' (a common adverb suffix)
worst	doat	N	I.	probably from 'doohu' (the bad) + 'at' (augmentative suffix)
worthiness	ukaini	N	I.	uke (the good, goodness) + saini (mind)
wound	lasum	N	C.	root
wow	savanhu	I		from 'savanhu' (world), similar to a shortened version of English 'what in the world'
wrap	desofena	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to wrap) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	referring to clothes, not food
wrap	desofeno	V	MAJ	from 'deso' (bend) + 'afenav' (around) + 'o' (verb suffix)
wrapping	desofena	N	C.	from 'desofeno' (here: to wrap) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	referring to the material something is wrapped in
wrapping	desofeni	N	I.	from 'desofeno' (to wrap) + 'i' (immaterial/abstract suffix)
wreath	efeni a itikoma	N	C.	literally 'circle of ribbons or bands'
wreck	eeovolavo	V	MAJ	from 'eeovola' (trash, rubbish) + 'vo' (here: causative verb suffix)
wristwatch	nuodona a itikoma	N	C.	literally 'clock of ribbon/band'
write	hotio	V	MAJ	from 'hoti' (line, sentence) + 'o' (verb suffix)
writer	hotiomo	N	C.	from 'hotio' (to write, carve) + 'mo' (profession suffix)
writer	lihota	N	C.	from 'lihoti' (address) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	of letters or similar
writer	hotiomo a vunoja	N	C.	literally 'writer of play(s)'	writer of plays
writing	hotiohi	N	I.	from 'hotio' (here: to write) + 'hi' (gerundive suffix)	the act of writing
writing	hoti	N	I.	extension of 'hoti' (line, sentence)	something written
writing implement	hotivo	N	C.	from 'hoti' (line, sentence, [short] writing) + 'ivo' (instrumental suffix)
writing system	hotiohi	N	I.	semantic extension of 'hotioh' (writing, text)
wrong	doohu	N	I.	from 'dohuo' (to mistreat)
wrongly	iltavane	ADV		from 'il' (opposite prefix) + 'tavane' (truthfully, really)
yard	dahe	N	C.	root
yarn	tum	N	C.	root
yeah	tavane	I		from 'tavani' (truth, mundane truth) + 'e' (common adverb suffix)
year	dotohaa	N	I.	from 'doniti' (past) + 'haa[d]' (bigness)	'in the year 2000' = dee dotohaade a 2000 (during the year of 2000)
yeast	fakin	N	C.	loan from Achiyitqan 'pákiŋ' (/pákɪŋ/, 'yeast')
yellow	jevani a vuhi	N	I.	literally 'light fire color'
yelp	sio	V	MIN	probably from an onomatopoeia
yes	dekio ta	I		literally 'I agree'	‘Humble’/formal register of speech. Literally ‘I agree’, used most often in questions expecting a yes or to show agreement with previous statements
yes	le	I		semantic extension of 'le' (enough)	affirmative answer, a bit like German 'doch', either before the answer separated by a comma, or used as an adverb (in questions, or when there already is a particle in front of the verb)
yes	hee	I		unknown	Casual
yes	not ehe ji	I		literally '[it] shall be like this'	Humble or formal register. English equivalent: 'so be it' As it is the subjunctive variant of 'yes', it can also signify emphasis or conviction, especially as part of declarations, formal or otherwise. 'Not ji', 'this shall be' is a slightly less formal variant.
yes	ee	I		from 'hee' (casual yes)	Casual, Sitti Jutean
yes, really	memo!	I		literally 'say!' or 'said!', in the sense of 'yes, I did just say that!'	strong affirmation or emphasis, like for example in 'that's how it was' or 'yes, I said that'
yesterday	dotovuhi	N	I.	dotovuh[a] (yesterday) + i (abstract suffix)	talking about yesterdays in general
yesterday	dotovuha	ADV		do[ni]to (past) + vuha (today)
yet	hehe	C		semantic extension of 'hehe' (still)
yield	uisa	N	C.	from 'uiso' (to collect, gather, forage mushrooms) + 'a' (common noun suffix)	used mostly for gathered and foraged food, not limited to mushrooms but also including e.g. fruit, nuts etc., anything not farmed on fields or in gardens
you	fana	P			a group of people
you	na	P			second person singular
you	naf	P			multiple persons that don't form a group
young person	sainifi	N	C.	from 'saini' (person) + 'fi' (diminutive suffix)
youngness	nihilaa	N	I.	from 'nihaa' (oldness) + 'il' (opposite affix, here used as an infix)
yourself	nana	P		reduplication of 'na' (you, singular)	emphatic pronoun, used instead of the regular pronoun, so instead of 'you yourself' it would only be 'yourself'.
yourselves	fanan	P		partial reduplication of 'fan' (second person collective pronoun)	second person collective, emphatic pronoun
yourselves	nafaf	P		partial reduplication of 'naf' (second person plural pronoun)	second person plural, emphatic pronoun
zombie	delvuninu	N	W.	from 'delvunino' (be undead) + 'u' (wilderness suffix)	Sometimes used to refer to any kind of undead creature.
zoology	tonesani a nova	N	I.	literally 'science about animal'